You are on page 1of 41

www.minbaralhurriyya.

org
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by
any means without the prior permission of Minbaralhurriyya Team.

www.arab-csr.org
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by
any means without the prior permission of Arab Center for Scientific Research
and Humane Studies Team.

International Monetary Options


Robert A. Mundell

2 2007



.
.1
.

) ( 1803
) ( 1820 .

1910 .

1869

.2

.
.1971 1944
.

) .1949

1949 .(1967
1971

.1968
3


1971
1974

1979

.1980


.
.3

1980-1979 850

.1980

300

500-400 .

.
.

1914

.
4

1976

" "

. 1970


.
.


.
.4

.
6

(
.

) 1968(1971
.

.5

.1973


1982

!1971


1983 .

.

.



.
.

""

. /

) ( .

.1981-1973

(
9

. .

) (

.
" " ""

" " .

.

10

.
1971

1976 1981

-4-4

.
)

( .

11

.1

" " .

) ( .
12

150
.

" "

.
1971
1973 "

" . " "


13

1976 .

.(

1982

( .

)
14

. :

.
.

.


15

1982 .





160 .

)
(

) 1355
(

) ( .

)(
16

"

"

1983

" " " " . " " )


][ ( .
17

" " " " " " )

][ (

.

.

.2


18

.
.

1912 1930

.

.

. 48 12

" "

19


(

. )

60 .
)( ) (1- .

.
.

35 .

20

%7

35 .
.
.


21

) (


) (
.

.1983-1971


%25

22


) (

) ( .

.
600-300

.1971

.
23

"
"

%25

)( .
1981

1981
24

) ( (1).

) (

29

485 485 1963

485 421 1964

30
1968

25

18

.3

.
26

.
.


.
.

.


27

.4
" "
.
.
.


. .
28

) ( .

"" .

.
.

29

.
""

" " .



30

.
1973
. 60
1973
.
.

" " 1968




.1971-1970 15 1971

38 . 1973

42.20

. .

31

" " .

.
1979

.
" " .

.
.


" "


32

.5

.


.




.



33

1982
.

.
:

) (

) (
34

0.50

1.0

0.25

0.25

1.0

1.0


.
)
(
.

.

35

) (
.

.

.

36

. .

.
37

.


.

3 ) 1 .(1983

38

You might also like