www.minbaralhurriyya.

org
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by
any means without the prior permission of Minbaralhurriyya Team.

www.arab-csr.org
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by
any means without the prior permission of Arab Center for Scientific Research
and Humane Studies Team.

Public Choice Revolution

Pierre Lemieux

2006 23

1


: " "
.

" "
) ( .

" "
.

:

) ( .
:

.
1957

1958
2

 1962
.

. . .
1986 .

" " .

" "

.
.3

1975
: "

".

" "
3

( " "

" "

. " "
" "
.

.
:
.

.
4

 ) 50 (
.
:

) " ][ ] [ ( .
"" "" ""

"" ""

"" "" . .

" 3

". :
. " "

) ( .

.
.

.

. .

" "
.
7


. " "
:

""

""

"" "" .

.
. .

1 1 .5

100 .

U )

" "

" " ""

( .

3 3
. 3

.
. 3 3
.

.

) 3 ( .
2 .3

3 ( .

5 3 3
2 .5
9

.
.3 .

.
)

) (

10

" "
. ""

"" ""
. "" "" .
"" . ""
"" "" ""
"" .

. :
"
" ) ( .
.

11

.
"

: .

".

1972
.

.
" "
.

:
12



.
.

2000

67.5 .
.

. )

( . .
" ".
.

" ".

13

" ".

. ) (

1960

42 .

.
.

.
" "

.
14

 .

.

"

".

. .

.
15

1971 .

) (
. )

( .

(
.
) (

16

17



50:50

1-p

p
P

P = nCn/2 pn/2 (1-p)n/2

n/2

nCn/2

P
0.375
0.015
17000:1

38

0.02

1000

0.00006

100

50:50
3
5

0.8

8 25

4 25
100
0.51

0.32
0.49

8690

3x1017

10 8691

108691

10100

18

2
4
1,000
10,000,000
100,000,000

p
p = 0.5
0.5

p = 0.49
0.4998

0.375
0.0189
0.0002
0.00006

0.3747
0.0155
5/10873
8/108691

.
.
:
.

) (

19

.


.

86

27
.
"

"

"

".

) (

) (
20

.
.

1870 1913
( 7

12

1920 20 .1937 1980 31

50

. "

".

"

".

) (

.
21

.
15

20

3
.

"

" " "

" "

.
.
22

.
10

"" " " 15

"" .
.

1951

" .

"

) ( .

.



" "
:3

"

.

23

".

.
.
:

. .
. 3

. "

" .

.
24

)(

"

" " "

) (
25

 "

" "

". "

...
) : "" ""

( ) ""

""( ".
.

"" " " . "

" " ) ( "

" "

.
"
"

.
.
26

( ""

. "" .

2004 .

27


. . :
.1965
" . ".
87 .1993 33
. . : .1977
. . :
.1980
. . .
: .2002
. . : .1985
. .3 : .2003

28