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    The Protection of Fresh-Water Mussels
    The Protection of Fresh-Water Mussels
    The Protection of Fresh-Water Mussels
    Ebook74 pages45 minutes

    The Protection of Fresh-Water Mussels

    By R. E. Coker

    ()

    Read preview
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherArchive Classics
    Release dateNov 27, 2013
    The Protection of Fresh-Water Mussels

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      Book preview

      The Protection of Fresh-Water Mussels - R. E. Coker

      Project Gutenberg's The Protection of Fresh-Water Mussels, by R. E. Coker

      This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with

      almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or

      re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included

      with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org

      Title: The Protection of Fresh-Water Mussels

      Author: R. E. Coker

      Release Date: July 10, 2013 [EBook #43177]

      Language: English

      *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PROTECTION OF FRESH-WATER MUSSELS ***

      Produced by Sandra Eder and the Online Distributed

      Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was

      produced from images generously made available by The

      Internet Archive)

      Transcriber's note:

      A list of corrections made can be found at the end of the book.

      Click on the images to see higher resolution scans.

      DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

      BUREAU OF FISHERIES

      HUGH M. SMITH, Commissioner

      THE PROTECTION OF FRESH-WATER MUSSELS

      By R. E. Coker, Ph. D.

      Director U. S. Biological Station

      Fairport, Iowa

      Bureau of Fisheries Document No. 793

      WASHINGTON

      GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

      1914

      THE PROTECTION OF FRESH-WATER MUSSELS

      By R. E. Coker, Ph. D.

      Director U. S. Biological Station, Fairport, Iowa

      Bureau of Fisheries Document No. 793

      CONTENTS.

      THE PROTECTION OF FRESH-WATER MUSSELS.

      By R. E. Coker, Ph. D.,

      Director United States Biological Station, Fairport, Iowa.

      PRESENT CONDITIONS.

      THE MUSSEL INDUSTRY.

      The history of the fresh-water mussel industry gives illustration of the promptness with which an American industry may be developed once the pathway is found. Undertaken in a small way scarcely more than a score of years ago, the manufacture of pearl buttons began almost immediately to assume the proportions of an important national industry. As early as 1898, when the enterprise was only 6 years old, there were about 50 factories in more than a dozen towns along the Mississippi. With improved machinery and methods further expansion occurred, until within a few years the output approximated 30 million gross of buttons, with a value of many millions of dollars. The growth of the industry has continued to the present time, but exact figures will not be available until the Bureau has completed a statistical survey now in progress.

      Not less important has been a resultant economic change, or modification of custom, that has affected practically every person in the country. Where marine pearl was in rare use, fresh-water pearl, with its quality and price, came to fill a universal requirement. In one decade pearl buttons were high in price, used only upon the better clothing, and commonly saved when clothing was discarded, while in the most general use were buttons of metal or agate or wood, which rusted or broke or warped. In the next decade good pearl buttons, neat and durable, were available to everybody and used upon the widest variety of clothing. A former luxury had become a common necessity.

      Coincident with the rise of the manufacturing industry, there developed an important and widespread fishery,

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