How to Know the Ferns A Guide to the Names, Haunts and Habitats of Our Common Ferns
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How to Know the Ferns A Guide to the Names, Haunts and Habitats of Our Common Ferns - Marion Satterlee
Project Gutenberg's How to Know the Ferns, by Frances Theodora Parsons
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Title: How to Know the Ferns
A Guide to the Names, Haunts and Habitats of Our Common Ferns
Author: Frances Theodora Parsons
Illustrator: Marion Satterlee
Alice Josephine Smith
Release Date: July 9, 2013 [EBook #43167]
Language: English
*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HOW TO KNOW THE FERNS ***
Produced by Chris Curnow, Diane Monico, and the Online
Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This
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The cheerful community of the polypody.
How to Know the Ferns
A GUIDE
TO THE NAMES, HAUNTS, AND HABITS OF
OUR COMMON FERNS
By
Frances Theodora Parsons
Author of How to Know the Wild Flowers,
According to Season,
etc.
Illustrated by
Marion Satterlee and Alice Josephine Smith
NEW YORK
CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS
1915
Copyright, 1899, by
Charles Scribner's Sons
TO
J. R. P.
"If it were required to know the position of the fruit-dots or the character of the indusium, nothing could be easier than to ascertain it; but if it is required that you be affected by ferns, that they amount to anything, signify anything to you, that they be another sacred scripture and revelation to you, helping to redeem your life, this end is not so easily accomplished."
—Thoreau
PREFACE
Since the publication, six years ago, of How to Know the Wild Flowers,
I have received such convincing testimony of the eagerness of nature-lovers of all ages and conditions to familiarize themselves with the inhabitants of our woods and fields, and so many assurances of the joy which such a familiarity affords, that I have prepared this companion volume on How to Know the Ferns.
It has been my experience that the world of delight which opens before us when we are admitted into some sort of intimacy with our companions other than human is enlarged with each new society into which we win our way.
It seems strange that the abundance of ferns everywhere has not aroused more curiosity as to their names, haunts, and habits. Add to this abundance the incentive to their study afforded by the fact that owing to the comparatively small number of species we can familiarize ourselves with a large proportion of our native ferns during a single summer, and it is still more surprising that so few efforts have been made to bring them within easy reach of the public.
I wish to acknowledge my indebtedness to the many books on our native ferns which I have consulted, but more especially to Gray's Manual,
to Eaton's Ferns of North America,
to the Illustrated Flora
of Messrs. Britton and Brown, to Mr. Underwood's Our Native Ferns,
to Mr. Williamson's Ferns of Kentucky,
to Mr. Dodge's Ferns and Fern Allies of New England,
and to that excellent little quarterly, which I recommend heartily to all fern-lovers, the Fern Bulletin,
edited by Mr. Willard Clute, of Binghamton, N. Y.
To the State Botanist, Dr. Charles H. Peck, who has kindly read the proof-sheets of this book, I am indebted for many suggestions; also to Mr. Arthur G. Clement, of the University of the State of New York.
To Miss Marion Satterlee thanks are due not only for many suggestions, but also for the descriptions of the Woodwardias.
The pen-and-ink illustrations are all from original drawings by Miss Satterlee and Miss Alice Josephine Smith. The photographs have been furnished by Miss Murray Ledyard, Miss Madeline Smith, and Mr. Augustus Pruyn.
In almost all cases I have followed the nomenclature of Gray's Manual
as being the one which would be familiar to the majority of my readers, giving in parentheses that used in the Illustrated Flora
of Messrs. Britton and Brown.
Frances Theodora Parsons
Albany, March 6, 1899
"The more thou learnest to know and to enjoy, the more full and complete will be for thee the delight of living."
CONTENTS
LIST OF PLATES
⁂ The actual sizes of ferns are not given in the illustrations. For this information see the corresponding description.
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
How to Know the Ferns
New York Fern
FERNS AS A HOBBY
I think it is Charles Lamb who says that every man should have a hobby, if it be nothing better than collecting strings. A man with a hobby turns to account the spare moments. A holiday is a delight instead of a bore to a man with a hobby. Thrown out of his usual occupations on a holiday, the average man is at a loss for employment. Provided his neighbors are in the same fix, he can play cards. But there are hobbies and hobbies. As an occasional relaxation, for example, nothing can be said against card-playing. But as a hobby it is not much better than collecting strings.
It is neither broadening mentally nor invigorating physically, and it closes the door upon other interests which are both. I remember that once, on a long sea-voyage, I envied certain of my fellow-passengers who found amusement in cards when the conditions were such as to make almost any other occupation out of the question. But when finally the ship's course lay along a strange coast, winding among unfamiliar islands, by shores luxuriant with tropical vegetation and sprinkled with strange settlements, all affording delight to the eye and interest to the mind, these players who had come abroad solely for instruction and pleasure could not be enticed from their tables, and I thanked my stars that I had not fallen under the stultifying sway of cards. Much the same gratitude is aroused when I see men and women spending precious summer days indoors over the card-table when they might be breathing the fragrant, life-giving air, and rejoicing in the beauty and interest of the woods and fields.
All things considered, a hobby that takes us out of doors is the best. The different open-air sports may be classed under this head. The chief lack in the artificial sports, such as polo, golf, baseball, etc., as opposed to the natural sports, hunting and fishing, is that while they are invaluable as a means of health and relaxation, they do not lead to other and broader interests, while many a boy-hunter has developed into a naturalist as a result of long days in the woods. Hunting and fishing would seem almost perfect recreations were it not for the life-taking element, which may become brutalizing. I wish that every mother who believes in the value of natural sport for her young boys would set her face sternly against any taking of life that cannot be justified on the ground of man's needs, either in the way of protection or support.
The ideal hobby, it seems to me, is one that keeps us in the open air among inspiring surroundings, with the knowledge of natural objects as the end in view. The study of plants, of animals, of the earth itself, botany, zoölogy, or geology, any one of these will answer the varied requirements of an ideal hobby. Potentially they possess all the elements of sport. Often they require not only perseverance and skill but courage and daring. They are a means of health, a relaxation to the mind from ordinary cares, and an absorbing interest. Any one of them may be used as a doorway to the others.
If parents realized the value to their childrens' minds and bodies of a love for plants and animals, of any such hobby as birds or butterflies or trees or flowers, I am sure they would take more pains to encourage the interest which instinctively a child feels in these things. It must be because such realization is lacking that we see parents apparently either too indolent or too ignorant to share the enthusiasm and to satisfy the curiosity awakened in the child's active mind by natural objects.
Of course it is possible that owing to the strange