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    Notes and Queries, Number 182, April 23, 1853 A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.
    Notes and Queries, Number 182, April 23, 1853 A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.
    Notes and Queries, Number 182, April 23, 1853 A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.
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    Notes and Queries, Number 182, April 23, 1853 A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.

    By George Bell

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    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherArchive Classics
    Release dateNov 27, 2013
    Notes and Queries, Number 182, April 23, 1853 A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.

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      Notes and Queries, Number 182, April 23, 1853 A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc. - George Bell

      Project Gutenberg's Notes and Queries, Number 182, April 23, 1853, by Various

      This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with

      almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or

      re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included

      with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org

      Title: Notes and Queries, Number 182, April 23, 1853

      A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,

      Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.

      Author: Various

      Editor: George Bell

      Release Date: August 21, 2007 [EBook #22369]

      Language: English

      *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES ***

      Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Pat A. Benoy

      and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at

      http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images

      generously made available by The Internet Library of Early

      Journals.)

      Transcriber's Note:

      This text contains Greek words such as ΝΙΨΟΝ

      . Overlines indicating abbreviations will also be encountered: Dne. You may want to change fonts if any of the preceding characters render as ? or boxes on your screen or the overlines appear adjacent rather than over the appropriate letters. If your system allows for it, hovering over Greek text will show a transliteration. Transliterations and transcriber notes in the text are identified by red dashed underlines as shown above. Archaic spellings and inconsistent hyphenation have been left as originally printed.

      NOTES and QUERIES:

      A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION

      FOR

      LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.

      When found, make a note of.— Captain Cuttle.

      CONTENTS.

      Notes.

      POETICAL EPITHETS OF THE NIGHTINGALE.

      Having lately been making some research among our British poets, as to the character of the nightingale's song, I was much struck with the great quantity and diversity of epithets that I found applied to the bird. The difference of opinion that has existed with regard to the quality of its song, has of course led the poetical adherents of either side to couple the nightingale's name with that very great variety of adjectives which I shall presently set down in a tabular form, with the names of the poetical sponsors attached thereto. And, in making this the subject of a Note, I am only opening up an old Query; for the character of the nightingale's song has often been a matter for discussion, not only for poets and scribblers, but even for great statesmen like Fox, who, amid all the anxieties of a political life, could yet find time to defend the nightingale from being a most musical, most melancholy bird.

      Coleridge's onslaught upon this line, in his poem of The Nightingale, must be well known to all lovers of poetry; and his re-christening of the bird by that epithet which Chaucer had before given it:

      "'Tis the merry nightingale,

      That crowds, and hurries, and precipitates,

      With fast thick warble, his delicious notes,

      As he were fearful that an April night

      Would be too short for him to utter forth

      His love-chant, and disburthen his full soul

      Of all its music!"

      The fable of the nightingale's origin would, of course, in classical times, give the character of melancholy to its song; and it is rather remarkable that Æschylus makes Cassandra speak of the happy chirp of the nightingale, and the Chorus to remark upon this as a further proof of her insanity. (Shakspeare makes Edgar say, "The foul fiend haunted poor Tom in the voice of a nightingale."—King Lear, Act III. Sc. 6.)

      Tennyson seems to be almost the only poet who has thoroughly recognised the great variety of epithets that may be applied to the nightingale's song, through the very opposite feelings which it seems to possess the power to awaken. In his Recollections of the Arabian Nights, he says,—

      "The living airs of middle night

      Died round the Bulbul as he sung;

      Not he; but something which possess'd

      The darkness of the world, delight,

      Life, anguish, death, immortal love,

      Ceasing not, mingled, unrepress'd,

      Apart from place, withholding time."

      Again, in the In Memoriam:

      "Wild bird! whose warble, liquid, sweet,

      Rings Eden through the budded quicks,

      Oh, tell me where the senses mix,

      Oh, tell me where the passions meet,

      "Whence radiate? Fierce extremes employ

      Thy spirit in the dusking leaf,

      And in the midmost heart of grief

      Thy passion clasps a secret joy."

      With which compare these lines in The Gardener's Daughter:

      "Yet might I tell of meetings, of farewells,—

      Of that which came between, more sweet than each,

      In whispers, like the whispers of the leaves

      That tremble round a nightingale—in sighs

      Which perfect Joy, perplexed for utterance,

      Stole from her sister Sorrow."

      But the most singular proof that, I think, I have met with, concerning the diversity of opinion touching the song of the nightingale, is to be found in the following example. When Shelley (Prometheus Unbound) is describing the luxurious pleasures of the Grove of Daphne, he mentions (in some of the finest lines he has ever written) "the voluptuous nightingales, sick with sweet love," to be among the great attractions of the place: while Dean Milman (Martyrs of Antioch), in describing the very same dim, licentious Daphne, is particular in mention that everything there

      "Ministers

      Voluptuous to man's transgressions"

      (even including the winds, and flowers, and waters); everything, in short,

      "Save thou, sweet nightingale!"

      The question is indeed a case of fierce extremes, as we may see by the following table of epithets, which are taken from the British poets only:

      Amorous. Milton.

      Artless. Drummond of Hawthornden.

      Attick (Attica aedon).

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