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    Exploring the Word of God The Conquest of Canaan: Leviticus to Joshua
    Exploring the Word of God The Conquest of Canaan: Leviticus to Joshua
    Exploring the Word of God The Conquest of Canaan: Leviticus to Joshua
    Ebook105 pages1 hour

    Exploring the Word of God The Conquest of Canaan: Leviticus to Joshua

    By Tim Finlay

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    About this ebook

    In this lay-level commentary, Tim Finlay and Jim Herst take the reader on a journey from Mt. Sinai to the Promised Land, from repeated failures in the wilderness of Sin to success in Gilead, Judea, and Israel. Lessons for Christians today are found throughout.

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherGrace Communion International
    Release dateJan 6, 2013
    ISBN9781301495252
    Exploring the Word of God The Conquest of Canaan: Leviticus to Joshua

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      Book preview

      Exploring the Word of God The Conquest of Canaan - Tim Finlay

      Exploring the Word of God

      The Conquest of Canaan: Leviticus to Joshua

      By Tim Finlay and Jim Herst

      Copyright 2013 Grace Communion International

      All scripture quotations, unless otherwise indicated, are taken from the Holy Bible, New International Version®, NIV®. Copyright ©1973, 1978, 1984 by Biblica, Inc.™ Used by permission of Zondervan. All rights reserved worldwide. www.zondervan.com

      The NIV and New International Version are trademarks registered in the United States Patent and Trademark Office by Biblica, Inc.™

      Cover art by Basil Wolverton. Most internal illustrations by Ken Tunell;

      copyright Grace Communion International.

      Table of Contents

      Exploring Leviticus

      Sacrifices and Priests: Leviticus 1-10

      Various Laws: Leviticus 11-20

      Rules for Worship: Leviticus 21-27

      Form or Substance?

      Tithing in Israel

      Exploring Numbers

      Organization for Worship: Numbers 1-10:10

      Israel in the Wilderness Numbers 10:11–21:35

      Israel and Moab: Numbers 22–36

      Miriam: First Lady of the Exodus

      Exploring Deuteronomy

      Deuteronomy: God’s People Challenged

      Stipulations of the Covenant: Deuteronomy 4:44–26:19

      Conclusion of the Covenant: Deuteronomy 27–34

      Exploring Joshua

      Joshua: Conflict and Conquest

      Division of the Land: Joshua 13–24

      About the Authors

      About the Publisher

      Grace Communion Seminary

      Ambassador College of Christian Ministry

      ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

      Exploring Leviticus

      What’s in a name?

      The opening word of Leviticus is wayyiqra’, which means and he called. The Jews used this word as a title for Leviticus. They also called it the law of the priests, the book of the priests and the law of the offerings. These designations summarized the general content of the book, recognizing it as a work intended primarily for the priesthood.

      The Septuagint calls the book Leuitikon or Leueitikon, pertaining to the Levites. The Latin Vulgate translated the Septuagint title as Liber Leviticus, the book of Leviticus, which then became the title in the English Bible.

      Outline

      Leviticus begins where Exodus ends – at the foot of Mt. Sinai. The tabernacle has just been completed, and God now begins to teach the Israelites how to worship him. Through the book of Leviticus, God shows Israel how to live as a holy nation.

      The book can be divided into six sections: sacrifices and offerings (1:1–7:38), the priesthood and the tabernacle (8:1–10:20), regulations about life (11:1–15:33), the Day of Atonement (16:1-34), living holy lives (17:1–22:33) and festivals and various regulations (23:1–27:34).

      How to read this book

      To us, living in a modern society, the rituals and sacrifices explained in Leviticus may seem strange. Yet portions of the New Testament can be understood only by reference to Leviticus.

      For example, what does it mean for Christians to be a royal priesthood? A holy nation? For Christ to be our great High Priest? Our Passover Lamb? Much of the original context of these New Testament concepts is found in Leviticus. Furthermore, some regulations in Leviticus

      go beyond the religious institutions and that deal with the events of life. The implication of those regulations is that all of life is, in fact, religious. All that we do, whether in direct worship or not, is part of our relationship to God…. God sees us as totalities, and all of our life – work, worship, relationships, creativity, family – is important to him. (Walter A. Elwell, ed., Baker Bible Handbook, Baker Book House, 1984, pp. 150, 152)

      The book of Leviticus leads us to an understanding of the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus the Messiah, but we must not overlook other important elements it contains. The book is not only a record of laws and traditions that were superseded by the ministry of Jesus Christ. There are many laws, customs, traditions and principles that address such subjects as hygiene, managing the environment and moral conduct. These are sound guidelines for all people and all times.

      For example, the rules about sexual purity (15:1-33) may be seen as emphasizing the sanctity of sex and warning against its casual treatment. The need for such advice today is obvious (ibid., p. 152). As the Evangelical Commentary on the Bible explains:

      Many Christians tend to ignore what the text meant to individual Israelites or to the community of Israel in Old Testament times and go immediately to a type study of Jesus and how he fulfilled many parts of Leviticus in the New Testament. We must first examine the text to see what it meant for Old Testament Israel. Only then can we proceed to a study of Jesus. (p. 68)

      Learning about God

      Above all else, Leviticus teaches us that God is holy. This provides the basis of all his laws (11:44-45; 19:2-4; 20:7-8, 24-26). Jewish sages considered [this] to be of primary importance. They felt that before proceeding to other biblical texts, children should first be educated concerning the sanctity of God and the responsibility of each individual to live a holy life (The Spirit-Filled Life Bible, NKJV, p. 146).

      In Leviticus, God is present with his people. In Israel’s worship, all sacrifices and ceremonies took place before the Lord. This teaches us that God is always there and that everything we do must be done in light of his presence.

      We also learn that God judges sin. Because God is holy, nothing sinful or unclean can come into his presence. For human beings to develop a relationship with God, they must first be forgiven and cleansed of sin (1:1–7:38; 11:1–15:33).

      The book of Leviticus also tells us to:

      • Obey God (17:2).

      • Worship, serve and obey God only (17:3-9; 20:1-5).

      • Recognize God’s blessings (23:1-44).

      • Be as concerned about every aspect of our lives as God is (18:1–22:16).

      • Deal justly with each other, just as God deals justly with his people (19:1-37).

      While Jesus is not mentioned in Leviticus, the sacrificial system and the office of high priest foreshadow the greater work of Christ for human salvation (Hebrews 3:1; 4:14-16). Hebrews 7 describes Jesus as our High Priest and uses the text of Leviticus as a basis for illustrating his work. Jesus is the eternal High Priest whose work far surpasses that of Aaron and his successors.

      As the author of Hebrews states: But now [Jesus Christ] has obtained a more excellent ministry…. He is also Mediator of a better covenant, which was established on better promises (Hebrews 8:6, NKJV).

      Through the crucifixion, Jesus fulfilled the Levitical concept of the sin offering (Romans 8:1-4; 2 Corinthians 5:18-21; Hebrews

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