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    Magic Squares: 50 Brain Teazers
    Magic Squares: 50 Brain Teazers
    Magic Squares: 50 Brain Teazers
    Ebook138 pages1 hour

    Magic Squares: 50 Brain Teazers

    By Roy Whitlow

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    About this ebook

    Magic squares it seems have been around for some 4000 years, possibly starting with the ‘Loh Shu’ square of Chinese legend. They have ever exercised the minds of recreational puzzlers and mathematicians alike; they have featured in art, architecture and books (both novels and learned writings). In this collection I have gathered together a selection from the many sources and added a few touches of my own. It is not a learned text and contains only a modest bit of real maths; it may bore magic square experts, but the intention here is to amuse and tickle the mind.

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherRoy Whitlow
    Release dateJul 26, 2013
    ISBN9781301086122
    Magic Squares: 50 Brain Teazers

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      Book preview

      Magic Squares - Roy Whitlow

      Magic squares it seems have been around for some 4000 years, possibly starting with the ‘Loh Shu’ square of Chinese legend. They have ever exercised the minds of recreational puzzlers and mathematicians alike; they have featured in art, architecture and books (both novels and learned writings). In this collection I have gathered together a selection from the many sources and added a few touches of my own. It is not a learned text and contains only a modest bit of real maths; it may bore magic square experts, but the intention here is to amuse and tickle the mind. Readers who are interested in deeper matters will find a number of useful sites on the internet, where real understanding of these intriguing puzzles is shown. This modest contribution is meant as entertainment; if you learn anything along the way, then that is a bonus. Have fun.

      Roy Whitlow. Bristol 2013

      [Table of contents]

      THE QUESTIONS

      BT.1 The first Magic Square

      The earliest known example of a magic square is recorded in Chinese literature around 4800 years ago. According to an old legend a turtle emerged from a great flood and on its back was a pattern of spots. This is described now as the scroll of ‘Loh-Shu’ who lived around 2800 BCE; the pattern has been identified as a magic square; the legend suggests it was invented by the ‘founder of the Chinese civilisation, Fuh-Hi’. The spots are apparently joined together to form groups that represent the numbers 1 to 9.

      The figure below shows a modern decimal representation of the pattern. It is a magic square in which the columns, rows and diagonals sum to the ‘Magic Number’ of 15. It is in fact a unique arrangement of the first nine numbers, and, although a number of views can be made with reversals and reflections, only one such interrelated arrangement is possible. For a 3 x 3 square the magic number will always be 3 x the number in the centre cell.

      But remarkable as this may seem, the magic square possesses another curious property. Can you work out what this is? A few clues: you’ll need calculator, consider the three-figure numbers in the rows and columns and remember magic

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