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    A Simple Guide to Parathyroid Diseases and Calcium
    A Simple Guide to Parathyroid Diseases and Calcium
    A Simple Guide to Parathyroid Diseases and Calcium
    Ebook26 pages16 minutes

    A Simple Guide to Parathyroid Diseases and Calcium

    By Kenneth Kee

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    Chapter 1

    Parathyroid Diseases

    The parathyroid glands are located at the back of the Thyroid glands in humans and produce the parathyroid hormone.

    They are the size of a grain of rice.

    There are usually four parathyroid glands, which are usually located on the rear surface of the thyroid gland or within the thyroid gland itself or in the chest.

    The Parathyroid hormones control the amount of calcium in the blood and within the bones so that the nervous and muscular systems can function properly.

    If the calcium level drops in the blood, the parathyroid gland will sense it and release the parathyroid hormone which will then goes to the cells of the bone to take the calcium out and place it in the blood stream so that the calcium level becomes normal again.

    The parathyroid glands do not have any connection with activity of the thyroid glands.

    What are Parathyroid Diseases?

    Parathyroid Diseases are diseases that can affect the level of calcium in the blood.

    Some Parathyroid Diseases are:

    1. Hyperparathyroidism- an overgrowth of one of the parathyroid glands resulting in excess parathyroid hormones being produced.

    This results in excessive calcium level in the blood.

    Excessive calcium in the blood can affect
    a. the nerves resulting in fatigue and depression

    b. the bones resulting in bone pain

    c. the heart resulting in abnormal heart beats and high blood pressure

    d. the kidney resulting in kidney stones

    2. Hypoparathyroidism- occurs rarely at birth or when damage or removal of the parathyroid gland occur during surgery on the thyroid gland or parathyroid gland

    Chapter 2

    Hyperparathyroidism

    What is Hyperparathyroidism?

    Hyperparathyroid disease is a condition when the parathyroid gland produces too much parathyroid hormones resulting in hypercalcemia.

    What are the causes of Hyperparathyroidism?

    Hyperparathyroid disease is caused by:

    Primary

    1. Parathyroid hyperplasia

    2. Parathyroid tumors such as adenoma or carcinoma

    3. Excess parathyroid hormones leads to hypercalcemia from bone resorption, decreased renal excretion and increased intestinal absorption of calcium.

    4. Bone changes, nephrocalcinosis, and corneal calcifications

    Secondary.

    Found in conditions causing hypocalcemia such as :

    1. Renal failure

    2. Vitamin D deficiency

    3. Malabsorption syndrome

    What are the symptoms of Hyperparathyroidism?

    Symptoms:

    Primary Hypercalcemia gives rise to:

    1. Digestive conditions:

    a. anorexia

    b. nausea and vomiting

    c. constipation

    d. pancreatitis

    2. Nerve Conditions:

    a. proximal muscle weakness

    b. depression

    3. Bone conditions:

    a. bone pain

    b. osteoporosis

    4. Heart conditions

    a. Abnormal rhythms of the heart

    b. hypertension

    5. Kidney conditions:

    a. kidney stones

    b. frequent passing of urine

    2. Secondary Hyperparathyroidism can give rise to:

    a. ectopic calcifications in bones, kidney or gall bladder

    b. backache

    Some patients may be asymptomatic.

    Chapter 1 Parathyroid Diseases

    Chapter 2 Hyperparathyroidism

    Chapter 3 Hypoparathyroidism

    Chapter 4 High Calcium

    Chapter 5 Low Calcium

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherKenneth Kee
    Release dateOct 7, 2013
    ISBN9781301802760
    A Simple Guide to Parathyroid Diseases and Calcium
    Author

    Kenneth Kee

    Medical doctor since 1972.Started Kee Clinic in 1974 at 15 Holland Dr #03-102, relocated to 36 Holland Dr #01-10 in 2009.Did my M.Sc (Health Management ) in 1991 and Ph.D (Healthcare Administration) in 1993.Dr Kenneth Kee is still working as a family doctor at the age of 74However he has reduced his consultation hours to 3 hours in the morning and 2 hours inthe afternoon.He first started writing free blogs on medical disorders seen in the clinic in 2007 on http://kennethkee.blogspot.com.His purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of his patients which is also his dissertation for his Ph.D (Healthcare Administration). He then wrote an autobiography account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.comThis autobiography account “A Family Doctor’s Tale” was combined with his early “A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders” into a new Wordpress Blog “A Family Doctor’s Tale” on http://ken-med.com.From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 1000 eBooks.He apologized for typos and spelling mistakes in his earlier books.He will endeavor to improve the writing in futures.Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.The later books go into more details of medical disorders.He has published 1000 eBooks on various subjects on health, 1 autobiography of his medical journey, another on the autobiography of a Cancer survivor, 2 children stories and one how to study for his nephew and grand-daughter.The purpose of these simple guides is to educate patient on health disorders and not meant as textbooks.He does not do any night duty since 2000 ever since Dr Tan had his second stroke.His clinic is now relocated to the Buona Vista Community Centre.The 2 units of his original clinic are being demolished to make way for a new Shopping Mall.He is now doing some blogging and internet surfing (bulletin boards since the 1980's) startingwith the Apple computer and going to PC.The entire PC is upgraded by himself from XT to the present Pentium duo core.The present Intel i7 CPU is out of reach at the moment because the CPU is still expensive.He is also into DIY changing his own toilet cistern and other electric appliance.His hunger for knowledge has not abated and he is a lifelong learner.The children have all grown up and there are 2 grandchildren who are even more technically advanced than the grandfather where mobile phones are concerned.This book is taken from some of the many articles in his blog (now with 740 posts) A Family Doctor’s Tale.Dr Kee is the author of:"A Family Doctor's Tale""Life Lessons Learned From The Study And Practice Of Medicine""Case Notes From A Family Doctor"

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      Book preview

      A Simple Guide to Parathyroid Diseases and Calcium - Kenneth Kee

      A

      Simple

      Guide

      to

      Parathyroid

      Diseases

      And

      Calcium

      by

      Dr Kenneth Kee

      M.B.,B.S. (Singapore)

      Ph.D (Healthcare Administration)

      Copyright Kenneth Kee 2013 Smashwords Edition

      Published By Kenneth Kee at Smashwords.com

      Dedication

      This book is dedicated

      to my wife Dorothy

      and my children

      Carolyn, Grace

      and Kelvin

      This book describes the Parathyroid Gland Diseases such as Hyperparathyroidism and Hypoparathyroidism and its effect on Calcium which are commonly seen in some of my patients in my Family Clinic.

      This eBook is licensed for your personal enjoyment only. This eBook may not be re-sold or given away to other people. If you would like to share this book with another person, please purchase an additional copy for each reader.

      If you’re reading this book and did not purchase it, or it was not purchased for your

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