Grinnell in Vintage Postcards
By Bill Menner
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About this ebook
The historic postcards in this book recall a community on the verge of transition, from a small agriculture-based town on the prairie to a thriving center of commerce and higher education. They provide a remarkable glimpse of the buildings that make up what is now a "Historic Commercial District" on the National Register of Historic Places. Still others are visual reminders of great buildings-both in the community and on the Grinnell College campus-that now exist only in memory.
Bill Menner
Bill Menner is the executive director of Grinnell Renaissance, a downtown revitalization organization. He previously worked as a political reporter for public radio stations in Iowa and Ohio, and has written for United Press International. He lives in Grinnell with his wife, a Grinnell College political scientist, and their four children.
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Grinnell in Vintage Postcards - Bill Menner
them.
INTRODUCTION
Grinnell, Iowa, isn’t your typical small town on the prairie. That’s as much the case today as it was in 1854, when the Reverend J.B. Grinnell arrived with a zealous band of New England Congregationalists determined to establish an abolitionist community with a commitment to education.
When they arrived, they found a treeless prairie with great promise. Grinnell had inside information that the Mississippi and Missouri Railroad would be extended, and that a train depot would be located near the site. That, and the fact that Iowa was a free state that did not permit slavery, was enough to convince the group they had found a location for their Congregationalist utopia.
Grinnell is a community that has thrived on activism, vision and persistence. It welcomed John Brown on his final journey that ultimately led him to Harper’s Ferry. It survived a series of disasters, including an 1882 tornado that devastated the community and killed 40 people. It invited architect Louis Sullivan, during the final decade of his life, to create a masterpiece (one of his jewel-box banks, the Merchants National Bank building). And it helped nurture a small college into one of the finest liberal arts institutions in the country.
Grinnell College has, in many ways, helped drive the growth of the community. But the town-gown relationship has been mutually advantageous. When he first planned the community, J.B. Grinnell included 170 acres for a university. He founded Grinnell University in 1857, and two years later lured Iowa College from Davenport to merge with his small school. The presence of a college—even a small Western
college—attracted students and faculty who might not otherwise reside in, or even visit, a small prairie town.
The city, however, contributed its share to the college’s success. For example, local boys Harry Hopkins and Robert Noyce chose to stay in Grinnell for their undergraduate studies. Hopkins wound up shaping the New Deal while serving as President Franklin Roosevelt’s closest adviser. Noyce invented the integrated circuit and co-founded Intel Corporation.
Transportation also played a vital role in Grinnell’s development. From the railroad that first attracted J.B. Grinnell to the Pony Express route and Mormon handcart trail that passed nearby, Grinnell has been a hub of transportation innovation.
H.W. Spaulding founded a buggy manufacturing firm in Grinnell in 1876, and eventually branched into the automobile business. A preview of things to come occurred in 1913, when a Spaulding auto defeated the Rock Island Railroad’s fast mail train in a race along the River-to-River Road (Highway 6) from Davenport to Council Bluffs.
Grinnellian Billy Robinson set a record of his own in 1914, that for non-stop flight. He flew an airplane (with the radial engine he developed) 370 miles from Des Moines to Kentland, Indiana. Robinson died in a plane crash two years later, but his pioneering achievements were integral to the aviation industry.
Transportation, via the automobile age,
impacted Grinnell in another way. As privatelyowned vehicles became more common, the need for roads increased. And Grinnell sat squarely on Highway 6, one of the primary east-west thoroughfares.
Hence, it became a destination. Travelers passed through Grinnell on Highway 6. As they matriculated, college students developed four-year relationships with the community. Residents of nearby farm communities and rural farmsteads saw Grinnell as their closest source of goods, social interaction, and entertainment. The town grew, and as this book indicates, so too did the many positive depictions of Grinnell in both commercial and real-photograph postcards.
These historic impressions of Grinnell fascinate modern-day residents. Many of the landmarks featured in these sometimes century-old postcards remain landmarks today. The structural core of downtown Grinnell has changed little in the last 100 years. Yet the missing pieces prominent in many postcards—the old Congregational church, the Iowa Theatre, and Blair, Chicago, and Alumni Halls on campus—prompt more questions than answers.
Grinnell remains a destination today. It sits four miles from a major thoroughfare (Interstate 80), the college lures students from all 50 states and 50 foreign countries, and its wonderfully-reserved buildings attract architects and architecture devotees alike.
The postcards in this book give us a glimpse of another time. They show the people and the places that helped shape the community, and provide a visual link to the past.
One
GO WEST!
Here are two of Grinnell’s most famous landmarks: