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    German Chicago: The Danube Swabians and the American Aid Societies
    German Chicago: The Danube Swabians and the American Aid Societies
    German Chicago: The Danube Swabians and the American Aid Societies
    Ebook204 pages48 minutes

    German Chicago: The Danube Swabians and the American Aid Societies

    By Raymond Lohne

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    About this ebook

    In German Chicago: The Danube Swabians and the American Aid Societies, historian Raymond Lohne presents the Germans who came to be called the Donauschwaben and their American counterparts. This amazing photographic collection of over 200 historic images has been gathered through the efforts of the author and survivors of the Expulsion, as well as numerous German-American societies and individuals throughout the nation.
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherArcadia Publishing
    Release dateOct 12, 1999
    ISBN9781439610008
    German Chicago: The Danube Swabians and the American Aid Societies
    Author

    Raymond Lohne

    Raymond Lohne holds a Master's Degree in History from Northeastern Illinois University and is currently a Ph.D. student in History at the University of Illinois at Chicago.

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      Book preview

      German Chicago - Raymond Lohne

      Bibliography

      Introduction

      This collection of images was cast into a framework so that a somewhat complicated subject could be introduced in some reasonable fashion. I chose to use a Home Study Course booklet from the U.S. Federal Textbook on Citizenship, 1946 edition, for my frames at the beginning of each chapter. I dedicate this effort to the spirit of Jan van Eyck, a Flemish master who flourished around 1430 and whose paintings were called miracles of accuracy, which might seem the best that a photographic history could hope for.

      In The Petrine Revolution in Russian Imagery, James Cracraft notes that Jan van Eyck was credited with being the first painter to design his own frames as integral parts of his pictures, with the object of heightening their separate reality.

      The dedication to a painter by a historian is appropriate because I need to introduce here a pair of Danube Swabian master painters named Susanna Tschurtz and Sebastian Leicht, flourishing, you might say, in 1999, whose paintings I cannot exactly term miracles of accuracy, but which I could define as miracles of spirit, by which I mean the human spirit in one of its powerful manifestations as the spirit of survival, if only in memory. These are the German people living in Chicago and other major American cities whom the American Aid Societies for the Needy and Displaced Persons of Central and Southeastern Europe tried to save after World War II.

      CHICAGO, 1956. This citizenship class for Danube Swabians was sponsored by the Chicago Board of Education. (Photograph courtesy of the American Aid Society.)

      Who are these Donauschwaben, and how did they come into existence as a distinct group of Germans? Leo Schelbert, in an essay in Perspectives in American History entitled On Becoming an Emigrant, once wrote:

      Throughout history one observes in almost all human communities a phenomenon that may be described as exchange migration. Emerging and ever changing specializations in economic pursuits create fluctuating needs which are often filled either temporarily or permanently by people from the outside. Besides this form of migration a historically less frequent, but in its impact more significant, type can be observed which may be termed expansionist migration-the expansion of a nation’s territorial or economic domain into (mostly transoceanic) outliers.

      The migration of Germans into the middle Danube regions from 1686 until 1829 is of this expansionist type. Simply put, the Austrian Empire won back territory from the Ottoman Empire and thereby created conditions in the kingdom of Hungary similar to those in America and Russia. Estimates for the Catholic Germans alone, who were offered special incentives to emigrate, run to 150,000 in approximately 1,000 villages over the 143 year period. Homesteads, money, tax exemptions, seed, lumber, and other devices were used to attract these Germans. It was a migration that would transform both the land and the people who went there. For further study, Sebastian Leicht’s Weg der Donauschwaben: Graphischer Zyklus and Susanna Tschurtz’s Illustrations on the Theme Annihilation Camp Rudolfsgnad are two fine artistic portraits of this people that will reward the reader with the kind of visual and spiritual impact only art can have. In these two masters, the Donauschwaben are painted in accomplishment as well as tragedy.

      If I introduce a pair of artists, I should also have a few historians to introduce from among the Donauschwaben, and I do, starting with Michael Stöckl, author of The Kerneir Families Gartner and Wurtz And Their American Branches. He was born in 1920, the very year this small village in the Batschka was

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