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    Galloway Township
    Galloway Township
    Galloway Township
    Ebook172 pages35 minutes

    Galloway Township

    By Joseph Federico, Matthew McHenry and Robert Lee Reid

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    About this ebook

    Galloway Township, founded in 1774 by the royal patent of King George III, is the largest municipality in New Jersey, encompassing the Absecon Highlands, Cologne, Conovertown, Germania, Higbeetown, Leeds Point, Oceanville, Pinehurst, Pomona, Smithville, and South Egg Harbor. Galloway has experienced everything from pirates to Prohibition. The Battle of Chestnut Neck occurred in Galloway in 1778 during the American Revolution. Along the way, the township has become home to Historic Smithville and Village Greene, the Seaview Resort, and the Noyes Museum of Art and has become the supposed birthplace of the fabled "Jersey Devil."
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherArcadia Publishing
    Release dateSep 18, 2012
    ISBN9781439624159
    Galloway Township
    Author

    Joseph Federico

    Joseph Federico, a freelance writer and entrepreneur, graduated from Ramapo College of New Jersey with a bachelor of arts in literature. Matthew McHenry, a freelance editor and avid reader, graduated from York College of Pennsylvania with a bachelor of arts in literary studies and a minor in professional writing. In Galloway Township, they have worked very closely with the Galloway Historical Society and several prominent families and local businesses to document this wonderful and beloved southern New Jersey town.

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      Book preview

      Galloway Township - Joseph Federico

      lives.

      INTRODUCTION

      The following pictorial collection of people, places, and progress in Old Galloway is not intended to give a complete history of Galloway Township. The following is offered only by way of introduction as a brief jaunt through Galloway history.

      The history of the Galloway area dates back over 8,000 years, with the first settlement of the Lenni Lenape people. Before European settlers arrived, the local inhabitants lived off the natural resources of the wildlife of the woodlands, streams, rivers, bays, and ocean. They cultivated corn and tomatoes—foods unheard of in Europe. With the coming of the Europeans, the Lenni Lenape culture was doomed.

      Galloway was explored in the 16th century by Dutch, French, Swedish, Finnish, and Portuguese sea captains. The first survey was made by Henry Hudson in 1609. Cornelius Jacobsun Mey sailed into Little Egg Harbor in 1614 and later charted the coastline.

      In 1664, Charles II of England granted his brother James, Duke of York, the land between the Hudson and Delaware Rivers. James presented the land to two of his favorites—Lord John Berkeley and Sir George Carteret. He named the new land Nova Caesarea. Today the boundaries of Nova Caesarea (New Jersey) are exactly as set about in the original Duke of York’s deed.

      Galloway has an interesting historic past dating back before 1716, when Kings Highway was constructed along an Indian trail now known as Old New York Road. Before 1774, the place now called Galloway was numerous small villages and hamlets in Gloucester County, inland of Absecum Beach in the province of West New Jersey. On April 4, 1774, King George III granted a royal patent for the creation of the Township of Galloway. It was formed in Gloucester County from Egg Harbor Township and was much larger than it is today. Galloway Township once included Absecon, Brigantine, part of Atlantic City, Port Republic, Mullica, Hammonton, Egg Harbor City, and a portion of Burlington County.

      The State of New Jersey Public Record Office in 1929 stated that it could not tell positively for whom the Township of Galloway was named but suspected it was named after Joseph Galloway. Joseph Galloway was a successful lawyer and leading political figure in Pennsylvania for a generation before the American Revolution. He was ideological and a strict constitutionalist. For many years, Galloway was Benjamin Franklin’s chief ally. Both labored mightily for a generation to reconcile the colonies with the mother country. They grew farther and farther apart as Franklin was pushed by events into a more radical stance. Since Franklin worked mostly in London, Galloway’s forum was in America, principally the Pennsylvania Assembly, where he was Speaker of the House for a decade, and ultimately the Continental Congress. In 1774, Galloway’s Plan of Union lost in the Congress by only one vote—a loss that changed the course of history, since Galloway tried to avoid revolution by anticipating the British commonwealth system. In 1775, when the assembly ignored Galloway’s recommendation that it abandon its defiance of Britain, Galloway quit the assembly and the congress. He remained steadfast in his belief that the most proper Plan for cementing the two countries together would have been constitutional, granting America the same rights and privileges as are enjoyed by the subjects in Britain. As a result of Galloway remaining loyal to Britain, he lost position and all his land holdings in America and returned to Britain penniless.

      Prior to the American Revolution, many seamen engaged in smuggling or illegal entry into port to avoid payment of duty. They justified this practice by claiming that the British Maritime Commission discriminated against them and that duties were imposed without their consent. Many smugglers operating on the Mullica River became privateers.

      Several naval threats by the British at

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