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    Cornwall
    Cornwall
    Cornwall
    Ebook181 pages2 hours

    Cornwall

    By Sabine Baring-Gould

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    About this ebook

    Many of the earliest books, particularly those dating back to the 1900s and before, are now extremely scarce and increasingly expensive. We are republishing these classic works in affordable, high quality, modern editions, using the original text and artwork.
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherRead Books Ltd.
    Release dateFeb 20, 2015
    ISBN9781473371200
    Cornwall

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      Book preview

      Cornwall - Sabine Baring-Gould

      Cornwall

      by

      Sabine Baring-Gould

      Copyright © 2013 Read Books Ltd.

      This book is copyright and may not be

      reproduced or copied in any way without

      the express permission of the publisher in writing

      British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

      A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

      Contents

      Cornwall

      Sabine Baring-Gould

      1. County and Shire. Meaning of the word.

      2. General Characteristics.

      3. Size, Shape, Boundaries.

      4. Surface and General Features.

      5. Watershed, Rivers.

      6. Geology and Soil.

      7. Natural History.

      8. Around the Coast. From Morwenstow to Land’s End.

      9. Around the Coast. From

      Land’s End to Rame Head.

      10. The Coast—Gains and Losses.

      11. The Coast—Tides, Islands, and Lighthouses.

      12. Climate—Rainfall.

      13. People—Race, Dialect, Population.

      14. Agriculture—Main Cultivations. Stock.

      15. Industries and Manufactures.

      16. Minerals and Mining.

      17. Fisheries.

      18. Shipping and Trade.

      19. History.

      20. Antiquities: Prehistoric, Roman,

      Celtic, Saxon.

      21. Architecture: (a) Ecclesiastical.

      22. Architecture: (b) Military—Castles.

      23. Architecture: (c) Domestic and Monastic.

      24. Communications—Roads, Railways.

      25. Administration and Divisions,

      Ancient and Modern.

      26. Roll of Honour.

      27. The Chief Towns And Villages Of Cornwall.

      28. DIAGRAMS.

      Sabine Baring-Gould

      Reverend Sabine Baring Gould was born on 28th January 1834, in the parish of St. Sidwell, Exeter, England. He is remembered as a priest, hagiographer, antiquarian, novelist and eclectic scholar – and his bibliography consists of more than 1240 publications. Baring-Gould is perhaps most famous for his hymns however, the best-known being ‘Onward, Christian Soldiers’ and ‘Now the Day is Over.’

      The eldest son of Edward Baring-Gould and his first wife, Sophia Charlotte (née Bond), Sabine was named after a great-uncle, the Arctic explorer Sir Edward Sabine. Because the family spent much of his childhood travelling round Europe, most of his education was by private tutors. He only spent about two years in formal schooling, first at King’s College School, London and then, for a few months at Warwick Grammar School. It was during his time at Warwick that Baring-Gould contracted a bronchial disease, of the kind that was to plague him throughout his life.

      In 1852, Baring-Gould was admitted to Cambridge University, earning the degrees of Bachelor of Arts in 1857, them Master of Arts in 1860 from Clare College, Cambridge. Shortly afterwards, he became the curate (assistant to the Parish Priest) at Horbury Bridge, West Riding of Yorkshire, and later relocated to become perpetual curate at Dalton, near Thirsk. Baring-Gould married Grace Taylor, the daughter of a millhand and thus of much lower social status, in 1868. The couple enjoyed a very happy marriage however, and had fifteen children, all but one of whom lived to adulthood. The pairing lasted until Grace’s death forty-eight years later, and when he buried his wife in 1916, Baring-Gould had carved on her tombstone the Latin motto, Dimidium Animae Meae (‘Half my Soul’).

      Baring-Gould became the rector of East Mersea in Essex in 1871, where he spent ten years, thereafter filling his father’s place at the family estates of Lew Trenchard in Devon – as the parson of the parish. Here, Baring-Gould lived at the beautiful family manor, which has been preserved to this day. It was during this time that Baring-Gould was really able to focus his attention on folksongs, that he mostly made and collected with the help of the ordinary people of Devon and Cornwall. His first book of songs; Songs and Ballads of the West (1889–91), was published in four parts between 1889 and 1891. The musical editor for this collection was Henry Fleetwood Sheppard, though some of the songs included were noted by Baring-Gould’s other collaborator Frederick Bussell. Baring-Gould and Sheppard produced a second collection named A Garland of Country Songs during 1895.

      Baring-Gould also collaborated with another folk song collector, Cecil Sharp, with whom he published English Folk Songs for Schools in 1907. This collection of fifty-three songs was widely used in British schools for the next sixty years. Although he had to modify the words of some songs which were too rude for the time, he left his original manuscripts for future students of folk song, thereby preserving many beautiful pieces of music and their lyrics. Baring-Gould was also a prolific writer himself, penning The Broom-Squire set, in the Devil’s Punch Bowl (1896), Mehalah and Guavas; The Tinner (1897), a collection of ghost stories, and a sixteen-volume The Lives of Saints. His folkloric studies resulted in The Book of Were-Wolves (1865), one of the most frequently cited works of lycanthropy (the study of Werewolves).

      Baring-Gould died on 2nd January 1924, at his home in Lew Trenchard, and was buried next to his beloved wife, Grace. He wrote two volumes of reminiscences: Early Reminiscences, 1834-1864 and Further Reminiscences, 1864-1894.

      CORNWALL

      Cambridge County Geographies

      CORNWALL

      by

      S. BARING-GOULD

      With Maps, Diagrams, and Illustrations

      1. County and Shire. Meaning of the word.

      If we take a map of England and contrast it with a map of the United States, perhaps one of the first things we shall notice is the dissimilarity of the arbitrary divisions of land of which the countries are composed. In America the rigidly straight boundaries and rectangular shape of the majority of the States strike the eye at once; in England our wonder is rather how the boundaries have come to be so tortuous and complicated—to such a degree, indeed, that until recently many counties had outlying islands, as it were, within their neighbours’ territory. We may guess at once that the conditions under which the divisions arose cannot have been the same, and that while in America these formal square blocks of land, like vast allotment gardens, were probably the creation of a central authority, and portioned off much about the same time; the divisions we find in England own no such simple origin. Our guess would not have been wrong, for such, in fact, is more or less the case. The formation of the English counties in many instances was (and is—for they have altered up to to-day) an affair of slow growth. King Alfred is credited with having made them, but inaccurately, for some existed before his time, others not till long after his death, and their origin was—as their names tell us—of very diverse nature.

      Let us turn once more to our map of England. Collectively, we call all our divisions counties, but not every one of them is accurately thus described. Cornwall, as we shall see, is not. Some have names complete in themselves, such as Kent and Sussex, and we find these to be old English kingdoms with but little alteration either in their boundaries or their names. To others the terminal shire is appended, which tells us that they were shorn from a larger domain—shares of Mercia or Northumbria or some other of the great English kingdoms. The term county is of Norman introduction,—the domain of a Comte or Count.

      Although we use the term county for Cornwall, we should not in accuracy do so, as just stated, for it is a Duchy, and has been such since March 17, 1337, when Edward of Woodstock, eldest son of King Edward III, was created Duke of Cornwall. Nor can it be called a shire, for Cornwall was a territory to itself. In 835 Athelstan drove the Britons across the Tamar and made that river the boundary between the Briton and the West Saxon of Devon.

      The ancient name of Cornwall and Devon was Totnes, i.e. Dod-ynys, the projecting island, and the Celtic population was that of the Dumnonii. It was not till the tenth century that the name Cornweales appears, signifying the Welsh of the Horn of Britain. The Latin form of Cornwall is Cornubia. The ancient British settlers in the present department of Finistère called that portion of Gaul Cornouaille.

      2. General Characteristics.

      On many accounts Cornwall may be regarded as one of the most interesting counties of England, whether we regard it for its coast scenery, its products, or its antiquities. It has lain so much out of the main current of the life of England that it was hardly mixed up with the politics of the nation till the time of the Civil War.

      Its situation, projecting as it does into the sea, by which it is washed on all sides but one, has naturally caused the natives to take to the water, and has made Cornwall to be the mother of a hardy breed of fishermen and sailors. But the county being also rich in mineral wealth has from an early age caused a large portion of the manhood of the land to seek their livelihood in mines; and the peculiar conditions of Cornwall have thus determined the professions of a large proportion of its males to be either on the water or under ground.

      Luxulyan Village

      The interior of the county cannot be regarded as beautiful, consisting of a backbone of elevated land, wind-swept, and over a large area covered with mine-ramps and the skeletons of abandoned machine-houses standing up gaunt amidst the desolation. But the valleys are always beautiful, and the Bodmin moors, if not so lofty and broken as Dartmoor, are yet fine, and Brown Willy, Rough

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