A Pictorial Guide to the History of Boxing - From the Early Days of Bare Knuckle Boxing to the Famous Bouts of the 1950's
By Anon
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A Pictorial Guide to the History of Boxing - From the Early Days of Bare Knuckle Boxing to the Famous Bouts of the 1950's - Anon
Fights
THE EARLY DAYS
THE fist is man’s simplest and most natural weapon and the use of it in battle goes back to the dawn of history. Boxing was introduced into the twenty-third Olympiad in Greece in 688 B. C.
It was not until 1719, when Professor James Figg announced that he’d lick any man in all England with sword, cudgel or fists, that a boxing dynasty was established. Figg eagerly defended his claims against all comers, won all his matches and was acknowledged throughout England as undisputed champion. He was the first man to hold the title.
In the one hundred and seventy years of bareknuckle history, the sport saw many changes. It had its period of greatness when it was in favor with British aristocracy and second only to horse racing in popularity. It went through a period of decline when it was controlled by thugs and gamblers, an era of fixed fights, and it barely survived.
If our modern fan could witness a bareknuckle prize-fight, he would probably be pretty much bored unless he had a sizeable bet on one of the boys. A contest in those days was a marathon of wrestling and slugging. Fighters were trained for endurance rather than speed. True, there were many fast and short bouts but generally the pace was wearisomely slow. When broken fists were useless for hitting, as often happened in the early rounds, a bout became a grappling contest which might go on for hours.
There were, of course, a few fighters who would have been great in any age: Gentleman Jackson, with his lightning left jab; Hen Pearce, the Game Chicken, a nimble 175-pounder who never lost a fight; Tom Cribb, who retired with the championship at forty-one because there was no one left for him to fight. There were other good men, but in the main the fighters of yesteryear were slow-moving bruisers who stood anchored in one spot and slugged doggedly until something gave way. But all honor to them, for they were game. They had a fine disdain for a broken jaw or a pair of closed eyes or a shattered forearm. They never quibbled about differences in weight. They fought to a finish and the loser got nothing. They may not have been as clever or as well trained as the ringmen of today but no one can deny their unlimited courage.
Jack Broughton of London, the Father of Boxing, drew up the first set of rules in 1743. His rules formed the foundation for all subsequent regulations, including the Queensberry rules in use today. Broughton stated that a man could not be hit while down, and he eliminated gouging, biting and kneeing.
Daniel Mendoza (left), first Jewish champion, claimed the crown in 1789. He lost the title to Gentleman Jackson in 1795. Gentleman John Jackson (right) was the first pug to hobnob with British aristocracy, frequently visited Lord Byron, the poet, at Oxford.
Tom Molyneux, an American slave, licked Tom Cribb, champion of England on British soil but was bilked out of the victory by trickery. They fought on December 10, 1810, in Essex for 200 guineas and the championship belt. A broad, powerful man, Molyneux charged into Cribb and battered him to the sod. Aghast, the ringsiders saw that Molyneux would win unless something were done. One of Cribb’s seconds almost bit the Negro’s thumb off. At the end of the twenty-third round Cribb could not come to scratch when time was called. His handlers delayed the battle for several minutes by claiming that Molyneux had lead weights hidden in his fists. While this was going on Cribb revived, and the Negro, unused to the raw English climate, suffered a chill. From then on Cribb forged ahead. He knocked his man out in the fortieth round.
John C. Heenan
Tom Sayers