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    General Points Concerning Fruit Tree Stocks - With Information on Budding, Grafting and Other Aspects of Fruit Tree Propagation
    General Points Concerning Fruit Tree Stocks - With Information on Budding, Grafting and Other Aspects of Fruit Tree Propagation
    General Points Concerning Fruit Tree Stocks - With Information on Budding, Grafting and Other Aspects of Fruit Tree Propagation
    Ebook73 pages1 hour

    General Points Concerning Fruit Tree Stocks - With Information on Budding, Grafting and Other Aspects of Fruit Tree Propagation

    By Read Books Ltd.

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    This vintage book contains a general and accessible guide to budding, grafting and other aspects of fruit tree propagation. Complete with a wealth of useful information, handy tips, and useful tables, this volume will be of considerable utility to the modern gardener, and would make for a wonderful addition to collections of allied literature. The chapters of this book include: 'Introduction To Fruit Growing', 'General Points Concerning Fruit Tree Stocks', 'Influence Of Stock Propagation Method', 'Pedigreed Trees', 'For Stock Breeding', 'Uncongeniality', 'Budding Differs From Grafting', 'Uncongenial Grafts', 'Types Of Quince Stocks', 'Whole Vs. Piece Root Vs. Buds In Apple Propagation', etcetera. This antiquarian book is being republished now in an affordable, modern edition complete with a specially commissioned new introduction on fruit growing.
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherRead Books Ltd.
    Release dateNov 15, 2011
    ISBN9781447491019
    General Points Concerning Fruit Tree Stocks - With Information on Budding, Grafting and Other Aspects of Fruit Tree Propagation

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      Book preview

      General Points Concerning Fruit Tree Stocks - With Information on Budding, Grafting and Other Aspects of Fruit Tree Propagation - Read Books Ltd.

      STOCKS

      GENERAL POINTS CONCERNING FRUIT TREE STOCKS

      309. Effects of stock on scion.—With few exceptions all cultivated fruit trees are combinations of two individuals, stock and scion. So far fruit growing has been carried on with little or no regard to their interactions. Yet no doubt each reacts upon the other and grafted fruits are influenced for better or worse by the stocks upon which they are worked.

      Since we cannot always find clear-cut analyses of the effects of stock on scion, it is small wonder that fruit growers give little attention to stocks. After centuries of fruit culture, we actually do not know what the best stocks are for many fruits. Further to complicate the situation, trees are profoundly modified by soil and climate, the modifications frequently being confused with those caused by the stock. Our fragmentary knowledge of stocks being thus a thing of shreds and patches, few are willing to break away from time-worn dictums, so continue to plant trees without attention to possible reciprocal influences of stock and scion. Briefly, influences are as follows:

      310. Fruit tree stocks may influence scions as follows: 1, Modify form and stature; 2, adapt a species or a variety to a soil; 3, fit a plant to endure an incompatible climate; 4, impart disease to the scion; 5, increase productivity; 6, hasten maturity of either wood or crop; 7, change the color of the fruit; 8, affect the flavor of the fruit; 9, shorten the life of trees of which they become a part (Fig. 269); 10, increase size of flower or fruit.

      1. The dwarf effect obtained with pear on quince, and of apple on Paradise (though not always distinctly dwarf) is well known. Many varieties of apples worked on Northern Spy (a vigorous grower) are dwarfed. According to Gardner, Bradford and Hooker, common lilac on ash, though it does not make a lasting union, is said to be greatly increased in size over own-rooted lilac.

      Form or habit of tree, some writers believe, may be changed by the stock. For instance, trumpet creeper, normally a climber, becomes round headed with pendant branches when on catalpa. Peach trees have changed tops when on plum or apricot stocks. (Same authorities.)

      2. Adaptability of a species (through stock) to soil. If it be assumed that plum roots are more resistant than peach roots to wet soils, as many people believe, plum trees grafted on their own roots should be able to grow on wetter soils than if on peach roots.

      3. Claims are made that certain varieties become hardier due to earlier maturity of the wood. This is probably true in some cases; but often examination reveals that the increase is due to substituting a hardy variety (by double working) in those parts of the tree particularly susceptible to winter injury.

      4. Transmitting disease to scion is well shown by hard or black-end of European pear fruits due to Japanese pear stocks. When the same varieties of pears (affected by Japanese roots) are grown on French pear roots this disease seldom if ever occurs—clearly a case of disease-influence by the stock. Peach stocks infested with yellows transmit the disease to scions.

      5. Increase in productivity of tree, some writers believe, is induced by grafting. Doubtless early bearing is favored by imperfect unions just as by ringing or any other obstruction of translocating tree foods. Vigorous seedlings and vigorous grafted trees are generally late to begin bearing. The greater fruitfulness of some dwarf apples and pears may be explained by curtailing scion vigor through graft union.

      6. Changing time of maturity of both wood and crop is believed by some writers to be influenced by the stock but the evidence is somewhat conflicting. Rather good evidence has been given, however, that plums on Myrobalan stock ripen earlier than on late plums. Several varieties of peach ripen earlier when on Myrobalan stock. Wickson states that Riparia Gloire and Grand Glabre grape stocks induce fruit ripening one to two weeks earlier than does Rupestris St. George. Perhaps this ripening period of some fruits is due to degree of congeniality between stock and scion.

      Early maturity of scion is reported by Hedrick who believes that Mahaleb stock makes hardier tops in cherries both in nursery and in orchard because of earlier wood ripening. Prunus lusitanica is said to ripen its wood earlier on Prunus padus stock than on its own roots. Because of this it is probably better able to withstand cold weather, but evidence of this is not fully convincing (Fig. 271).

      FIG. 269.—Incompatible grafts. A, Barlett pear on apple—though this one year growth is good, union is not; B, Burton prune on almond—poor type seedling shows bad constriction.

      7. The amount of red in the fruit may be increased by early maturity due to weak stock or imperfect union. If so, a vigorous stock with a good union should reduce the red.

      8. Though many authorities agree that flavor is influenced, the extent of the influence finds diversity of opinion. Sour orange does not

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