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    Dwarf Fruit Trees - Their Propagation, Pruning, and General Management, Adapted to the United States and Canada
    Dwarf Fruit Trees - Their Propagation, Pruning, and General Management, Adapted to the United States and Canada
    Dwarf Fruit Trees - Their Propagation, Pruning, and General Management, Adapted to the United States and Canada
    Ebook140 pages1 hour

    Dwarf Fruit Trees - Their Propagation, Pruning, and General Management, Adapted to the United States and Canada

    By F. A. Waugh

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    About this ebook

    This antiquarian book contains a complete guide to dwarf fruit trees, with information on their propagation, pruning, and general management. Written in clear, plain language and full of invaluable information and helpful tips, this book is ideal for gardeners and orchard owners, and would make for a worthy addition to collections of allied literature. Contents include: “General Considerations”, “Advantages and Disadvantages”, “Propagation”, “Pruning Dwarf Fruit Trees”, “Special Forms for Trained Trees”, “General Management”, “Dwarf Apples”, “Dwarf Pears”, Dwarf Peaches”, “Dwarf Plums”, “Bush Fruits”, etcetera. Frank Albert Waugh (1869 - 1943), was an American landscape architect whose career focused upon recreational uses of national forests, the production of a highly natural style of landscape design, and the implementation of ecological principles. Many vintage texts such as this are becoming increasingly rare and expensive, and it is with this in mind that we are republishing this volume now, in an affordable, modern, high-quality edition. It comes complete with a specially commissioned new biography of the author.
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherRead Books Ltd.
    Release dateFeb 18, 2015
    ISBN9781473370593
    Dwarf Fruit Trees - Their Propagation, Pruning, and General Management, Adapted to the United States and Canada

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      Book preview

      Dwarf Fruit Trees - Their Propagation, Pruning, and General Management, Adapted to the United States and Canada - F. A. Waugh

      DWARF FRUIT TREES

      THEIR PROPAGATION, PRUNING, AND GENERAL MANAGEMENT, ADAPTED TO THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA

      by

      F. A. Waugh

      ILLUSTRATED

      Copyright © 2013 Read Books Ltd.

      This book is copyright and may not be

      reproduced or copied in any way without

      the express permission of the publisher in writing

      British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

      A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

      Contents

      DWARF FRUIT TREES

      Frank Albert Waugh

      I. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS

      II. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

      III. PROPAGATION

      IV. PRUNING DWARF FRUIT TREES

      V. SPECIAL FORMS FOR TRAINED TREES

      VI. GENERAL MANAGEMENT

      VII. DWARF APPLES

      VIII. DWARF PEARS

      IX. DWARF PEACHES

      X. DWARF PLUMS

      XI. BUSH FRUITS

      XII. FRUIT TREES IN POTS

      XIII.PERSONALIA

      Illustrations

      DWARF CHERRY TREE

      FIG. 1—DWARF APPLE TREES IN WESTERN NEW YORK

      FIG. 2—TRAINED CORDON APPLE TREES

      FIG. 3—BISMARCK APPLE, FIRST YEAR PLANTED

      FIG. 4—PEAR TREE, TRAINED AS AN ESPALIER

      FIG. 5—BUSH APPLE TREE

      FIG. 6—PLUMS AS UPRIGHT CORDONS

      FIG. 7—PARADISE APPLE STOCKS IN EARLY SPRING

      FIG. 8—THE WESTERN SAND CHERRY

      FIG. 9—UPRIGHT CORDON PLUM

      FIG. 10—BUSH APPLE, THREE YEARS OLD

      FIG. 11—BUSH APPLE,

      Three years old, before pruning

      FIG. 12—BUSH APPLE,

      Same tree after pruning

      FIG. 13—CORDON PEARS,

      Before pruning

      FIG. 14—CORDON PEARS,

      After pruning

      FIG. 15—PEARS IN DOUBLE U-FORM

      Fig. 16—PEARS IN U-FORM

      FIG. 17—APRICOTS IN U-FORM

      FIG. 18—PEAR IN ESPALIER

      FIG. 19—OLD ESPALIER PEARS ON FARM HOUSE WALL

      FIG. 20—HORIZONTAL CORDON APPLE AND OTHER DWARF TREES

      FIG. 21—DESIGN FOR A BACK YARD FRUIT GARDEN

      FIG. 22—DWARF FRUIT GARDEN

      FIG. 23—FRUIT GARDENING AND LANDSCAPE GARDENING COMBINED

      FIG. 24—A FRUIT GARDEN CONTAINING MANY DWARF TREES

      FIG. 25—DWARF APPLES ON PROF. L. H. BAILEY’S FARM, NEW YORK

      FIG. 26—UPRIGHT CORDON APPLES

      FIG. 27—HORIZONTAL CORDON APPLE TREES

      FIG. 28—YOUNG ORCHARD OF DWARF PEARS IN WESTERN NEW YORK

      FIG. 29—DWARF PEARS IN THE OLD AND PROFITABLE YEOMANS ORCHARD, NEW YORK

      FIG. 30—ORCHARD OF DWARF DUCHESS PEARS, LOCKPORT, N. Y.

      FIG. 31—PYRAMID PEARS IN A GERMAN ORCHARD

      FIG. 32—DWARF PEACH IN NURSERY

      FIG. 33—ESPALIER PEACH, HARTFORD, CONN.

      FIG. 34—PEACH IN FAN ESPALIER ON WALL, ENGLAND

      FIG. 35—PEACH TREES TRAINED UNDER GLASS

      FIG. 36—PLUM TREES TRAINED AS UPRIGHT CORDONS

      FIG. 37—BURBANK PLUMS ON UPRIGHT CORDONS TRAINED TO TRELLIS

      FIG. 38—CURRANTS AS FAN ESPALIERS ON TRELLIS, HARTFORD, CONN.

      FIG. 39—GOOSEBERRY FAN ESPALIER

      FIG. 40—TREE FORM GOOSEBERRY

      FIG. 41—A FRUITING PEACH IN POT

      FIG. 42—A FIG TREE IN A POT

      FIG. 43—DWARF PEAR IN PYRAMID FORM

      FIG. 44—IN PROFESSOR BAILEY’S ORCHARD

      Frank Albert Waugh

      Frank Albert Waugh was born on 8th July, 1869 in Skeboygan Falls, Wisconsin, America. He is famous as a landscape architect, who pioneered recreational uses of national forests – focusing on a highly natural style of landscape design as well as an attention to ecology. His ideas spread via his diverse writings including Recreation Uses in the National Forests and The Natural Style in Landscape Gardening. He also wrote prolifically about education, agriculture, and social issues in such works as The Agricultural College and Rural Improvement.

      Waugh gained his first degree from Kansas State College in 1891 and a subsequent Masters from Oklahoma State Agricultural and Mechanical college in 1893. Two years later, he moved to Cornell University in order to specifically study landscape and horticulture, and then to Massachusetts Agricultural College. Here, Waugh was appointed head of the agricultural division and founded his own undergraduate ‘landscape gardening’ program in 1903. This was only the second program of its kind in the whole of America, and helped pioneer what landscape architecture is today.

      Aside from his work within academic institutions, Waugh’s Book of Landscape Gardening (1899) has become a classic in its field. Waugh began each edition of his text with the phrase ‘Landscape gardening is eminently a fine art’ and covered all the general principles of garden design. These were: the natural, the architectural and the picturesque. The book was proclaimed to have achieved ‘a balance between well-known period examples and solution, which was achievable by all who attempt them.’ The photographs featured were taken by Waugh, including landscapes ranging from Europe and Japan, to unique regions in the United States. In his text, Waugh also includes several plant lists of the regional foliage. He was an avid writer of magazines and books, and later penned tomes on Systematic Pomology (1903), Society and Rural Improvement (1914), The Agricultural College ( 1916), Landscape Architecture: Formal Design In Landscape Architecture (1927) and Gardening, Everybody’s Garden (1937).

      In 1917, Frank Waugh was hired by the U.S. Forest Service as a consultant for the recreational development of national forests. Over a period of five months, he visited forests across the country and evaluated their facilities, both private and public, including camp and picnic grounds, summer resorts, and other aspects of forest recreation. Most importantly, he compared the value of forest recreation to that of the urban realm, estimating that forest recreation was worth $7.5 million annually, roughly equal to urban recreation. He published his findings in Recreation Uses in the National Forests which was the first comprehensive study of national forest recreational use. In 1917, Waugh also published The Natural Style in Landscape Gardening which was based on the imitation of natural forms and the use of native vegetation in landscaping. His avocation of this style can be traced back to Andrew Jackson Downing, of whom Waugh was heavily influenced. Downing held native plants in high regard and expressed their potential to recreate the scenery of the wilderness, thus contributing to an appreciation of America’s native plants.

      Ultimately, Waugh was a pioneer in landscape architecture in that he recognized the role of landscape architects as integral in the development of national forests and parklands and their roads, trails, campgrounds, and picnic spots. This was especially influential in terms of the national forests whose uses prior to 1917 were primarily characterized by timber production and livestock grazing. Along with his contemporary, Henry Hubbard, Waugh fostered the creation of a landscape design style that was uniquely American. Furthermore, his extensive study and publications of mass plantings laid a philosophical and practical foundation for naturalized landscape design, as might be expressed today through re-vegetation practices.

      Another major project that Waugh embarked upon was designing the horticulture of a town bordering the Grand Canyon, Arizona. In 1918, Waugh visited the small town of 400 inhabitants, with a tourist population of half again – and drafted a plan to save the native yellow pines, whilst removing the pinion and cedar trees. By creating a scattered canopy by taking away the formality in the trees, Waugh believed it would unify the natural and undomesticated surroundings with the overall presentation of the town. Waugh’s designs also incorporated the concept of ecology through the use of plantings characterized by natural association of plant species in conjunction with environmental conditions. After this success, Waugh served from 1918-19 as a Captain in the US Army. On his return Waugh again collaborated with the US Forest Services, focusing on the forests of Colorado, Wyoming, Idaho, Utah and other Western states. He did such work from 1922 until 1926, thereon after returning to teaching.

      Waugh

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