Y Beibl Cymraeg (The Welsh Bible)
By Anon
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Y Beibl Cymraeg (The Welsh Bible) - Anon
(1588)
Y BEIBL CYMRAEG
§1
YMAE’R unfed ganrif ar bymtheg yn un o’r rhai pwysicaf yn hanes Cymru. Rhyw bymtheg mlynedd cyn ei dechrau, daeth Cymro’n frenin Lloegr, ac ystyriai’r Cymry esgyniad Harri Tudur yn fuddugoliaeth iddynt hwy ar y Saeson. Diflannodd yr hen elyniaeth, a dechreuodd boneddigion Cymru dderbyn ffafrau gan y Brenin. Hanner can mlynedd wedi hynny, yn y flwyddyn 1535, unodd ei fab, Harri VIII, Gymru â Lloegr, a gwthiwyd cyfraith Lloegr ar y wlad.
THE WELSH BIBLE
§1
THE sixteenth century is one of the most important in Welsh history. About fifteen years earlier a Welshman became king of England, and the Welsh regarded the accession of Henry Tudor as a victory for them over the English. The ancient enmity disappeared, and the Welsh gentry began to accept favours of the King. Fifty years later, in the year 1535, his son, Henry VIII, united Wales and England, and English law was thrust upon the land.
Mynnai Harri VIII ddifa’r iaith Gymraeg hefyd, canys rhaid oedd i’r neb a ddaliai unrhyw swydd fedru siarad Saesneg, a dyma’r pryd y dechreuodd llawer o’r uchelwyr Cymreig droi’n Saeson. Am ddwy ganrif a hanner wedi i Gymru golli ei hannibyniaeth, yr oeddynt wedi aros yn Gymry pur, ac yr oedd hyd yn oed amryw deulu-oedd o waed Normannaidd wedi dyfod ac wedi aros yn drwyadl Gymreig. Daeth tro ar fyd yn awr, a darfu i’r rhai a fuasai’n noddi barddoniaeth eu gwlad ac yn amddiffyn ei thraddodiadau gorau, werthu eu hetifeddiaeth am seigiau’r estron. Yr oedd hefyd ddosbarth newydd o gyfoethogion yn dechrau dyfod yn amlwg, dosbarth canol o gyfreithwyr a thirfeddianwyr, pobl na ellid disgwyl llawer o ddim arall ganddynt ond cynffonna i Frenin Lloegr a bod yn chwannog i swydd.
Yr oedd trydydd dosbarth o bobl yng Nghymru, sef y werin dlawd—y tyddynwyr a’r llafurwyr. Dichon na buasai’n dda iawn ar y rhain bob amser o’r blaen, ond yn awr y dechreuwyd eu gorthrymu o ddifrif, ac aeth eu cyflwr yn wir druenus. Dioddef a chyni a ddaeth iddynt hwy o’r drefn newydd ar bethau, ac nid oedd dim i beri iddynt hwy wadu eu heniaith.
Henry VIII wished also to destroy the Welsh language, since no one could hold any office unless he was able to speak English, and this was the time when many of the Welsh nobility began to be Anglicized. For two centuries and a half after Wales had lost its independence, they had remained true Welshmen, and even many families of Norman blood had become and had remained wholly Welsh. Now there came a change, and those who had fostered their country’s poetry and upheld its best traditions, sold their birthright for the morsels of the foreigner. A new wealthy class was also coming into prominence, a middle class of lawyers and landholders, people from whom nothing could be expected but servility to the English king, and ambition for office.
There was a third class of people in Wales, the common poor—the crofters and the labourers. Their lot perhaps had not always been very pleasant before, but now their oppression commenced in earnest, and their plight became wretched indeed. Only suffering and distress came to them from the new circumstances, and there was no reason why they should forsake their ancient tongue.
§2
HEBLAW cyfraith ac iaith, daeth crefydd newydd Lloegr hefyd i Gymru. O’r blaen Pabyddiaeth fuasai crefydd y ddwy wlad fel gwledydd eraill, ond yn 1517 torrodd y Diwygiad Protestannaidd allan. Ni chafodd hwn lawer o groeso ar y cyntaf yn Lloegr, ond