The Facts on Jehovah's Witnesses
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John Ankerberg
John Ankerberg, host of the award-winning John Ankerberg Show, has three earned degrees: an MA in church history and the philosophy of Christian thought, an MDiv from Trinity Evangelical Divinity School, and a DMin from Luther Rice Seminary. He has coauthored the 2-million-selling Facts On series of apologetic books, as well as Taking a Stand for the Bible and Israel Under Fire.
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The Facts on Jehovah's Witnesses - John Ankerberg
HARVEST HOUSE PUBLISHERS
EUGENE, OREGON
Unless otherwise indicated, all Scripture quotations are taken from the HOLY BIBLE, NEW INTERNATIONAL VERSION®. NIV®. Copyright©1973, 1978, 1984 by the International Bible Society. Used by permission of Zondervan. All rights reserved.
Verses marked NASB are taken from the New American Standard Bible®, © 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995 by The Lockman Foundation. Used by permission. (www.Lockman.org)
All emphasis (italics) in Scripture quotations has been added by the authors.
Cover by Dugan Design Group, Bloomington, Minnesota
Cover photos © iStockphoto
Back cover author(Dillon) photo © Goldberg Photography
THE FACTS ON JEHOVAH’S WITNESSES
Updated edition
Copyright © 2002/2008 by The John Ankerberg Theological Research Institute
Published by Harvest House Publishers
Eugene, Oregon 97402
www.harvesthousepublishers.com
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Ankerberg, John, 1945-
The facts on Jehovah’s witnesses / John Ankerberg, John Weldon; updates by Dillon Burroughs.
p. cm.—(Facts on series)
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN 978-0-7369-2215-9 (pbk.)
ISBN 978-0-7369-3907-2 (eBook)
1. Jehovah’s Witnesses—Controversial literature. 2. Apologetics. I. Weldon, John. II. Burroughs, Dillon. III. Title.
BX8526.5.A55 2008
289.9’2—dc22
2008001038
All rights reserved. No part of this electronic publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, digital, photocopy, recording, or any other—without the prior written permission of the publisher. The authorized purchaser has been granted a nontransferable, nonexclusive, and noncommercial right to access and view this electronic publication, and purchaser agrees to do so only in accordance with the terms of use under which it was purchased or transmitted. Participation in or encouragement of piracy of copyrighted materials in violation of author’s and publisher’s rights is strictly prohibited.
Contents
Section One
Introduction
1. Who are the Jehovah’s Witnesses?
2. Who are the leaders of the Jehovah’s Witnesses?
3. How have the Watchtower Society’s presidents shaped the organization?
4. What attracts people to the Jehovah’s Witnesses?
Section Two
The Worldview of the Jehovah’s Witnesses—Practices and Teachings
5. What is the religious worldview of the Jehovah’s Witnesses, and what logical results flow from it?
6. Does the Watchtower Society really claim to be the only organization on earth through which God works?
7. Why do Jehovah’s Witnesses prohibit practices like military service, saluting the flag, celebrating holidays, and blood transfusions?
8. What do Jehovah’s Witnesses believe about Christianity?
Section Three
The Theology of the Jehovah’s Witnesses
9. What do Jehovah’s Witnesses believe about God and the doctrine of the Trinity?
10. What do Jehovah’s Witnesses believe about Jesus?
11. What do Jehovah’s Witnesses believe about salvation?
Section Four
Analysis and Critique—Does God Speak Only Through the Watchtower Society?
Four Tests Examining This Claim
Test one: If God speaks only through the Watchtower Society, then their Bible—the New World Translation—must be accurate. But is it?
12. Do Jehovah’s Witnesses claim that the New World Translation is accurate?
13. What do recognized Greek scholars believe about the accuracy of the NWT?
14. What are some examples of NWT mistranslation?
Test two: If the Watchtower Society is the sole channel for God on earth, then according to the Bible, its prophecies must come true. How reliable have its prophecies been?
15. What does the Watchtower Society teach and claim about prophecy?
16. Has the Watchtower Society ever given false prophecies?
17. Is the Watchtower Society hypocritical?
Test three: If the Watchtower Society is God’s sole channel for communication on earth, then its scholarship should be trustworthy—but is it?
18. Has the Watchtower Society ever lied, covered up, or changed important doctrines, dates, and Bible interpretations?
Test four: If the Watchtower Society admits it received many of its teachings from angels or spirits and those teachings have proven to be false, is such a source trustworthy?
19. Has the Watchtower Society ever claimed to receive information from angels or spirits?
Section Five
Conclusion
20. What can you do if you are a Jehovah’s Witness who desires to live for God and Christ and yet are unsure about what you have been taught?
Appendix: What did one prominent Greek scholar say about the Watchtower Society’s use of his writings?
Recommended Resources
Notes
About the Ankerberg Theological Research Institute
The Facts On Series
SECTION ONE
Introduction
1
Who are the Jehovah’s Witnesses?
The Jehovah’s Witnesses are a religious movement started by Charles Taze Russell in the late 1870s. In formulating their beliefs, Russell drew from many sources, including the religious teachings of the Seventh-Day Adventist church, Christadelphianism, and his own interpretation of the Bible.¹ Through aggressive door-to-door proselytizing and authoritarian leadership, the group has grown from a small number of students to allegedly more than 7 million members in over 200 countries and territories.²
2
Who are the leaders of the Jehovah’s Witnesses?
The leaders of the Jehovah’s Witnesses are a group of men who head an organization called the Watchtower Bible and Tract Society, or simply the Watchtower Society, in Brooklyn, New York. This small group wields absolute spiritual authority over the members. To date, the Society has had six presidents, each of whom has left his unique mark on the Society’s religion.
3
How have the Watchtower Society’s presidents shaped the organization?
Each president of the Jehovah’s Witnesses has governed authoritatively. As a result, his period of rule has been marked by his unique personality and Bible interpretation. Thus there have been six distinct periods
of the Society: 1) the period of Charles Taze Russell (1872–1916); 2) the period of Judge
Joseph F. Rutherford (1917–1942); 3) the period of Nathan H. Knorr (1942–1977); 4) the period of Frederick W. Franz (1977–1992); 5) the period of Milton G. Henschel (1992–2000); and 6) the period of Don Adams (2000–present).
Because the Witnesses claim that God himself was and is the source or author of all their Bible interpretations and doctrines, it is important to briefly discuss these six periods. Doing so reveals the fact that each president has interpreted the Bible differently or even in contradiction to one or more of the others. Examining the writings of these men clearly shows that the claim of the Jehovah’s Witnesses that God is the author of all of the Watchtower Society’s doctrines is inaccurate.
Not of God
The Bible teaches that God is not a God of confusion but of peace
(1 Corinthians 14:33 NASB). This