Concise Pond Wildlife Guide
By Bloomsbury
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About this ebook
Each species account includes accurate artworks and concise descriptions outlining essential details such as size, habitat, ecology and distribution in Britain and the near Continent.
A vast number of species occurs in these habitats, so the guide selectively pictures and describes a good range of fauna and flora that are most likely to be found and identified. Among the fascinating animals featured are freshwater sponges, hydras, water bears, worms, leeches, water snails, dragonflies and damselflies, frogs and toads, bats, fish, birds, and iconic mammals such as the Water Vole and European Otter.
The easy-to-follow layouts and illustrations aid quick and precise identification, making the book an indispensable reference in the field as well as in the home and garden.
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Concise Pond Wildlife Guide - Bloomsbury
Water Dock
Rumex hydrolapathum
SIZE AND DESCRIPTION
Much-branched perennial to 2m tall. Leaves are 80cm or more in length, tough and narrow-oval in outline. Pale green flowers are borne on tall dense spikes.
FLOWERING TIME
July–September.
HABITAT AND DISTRIBUTION
Wetland areas, typically growing beside lakes and rivers, and sometimes rooted in shallow and muddy water margins. Locally common in suitable habitats in lowland Europe.
Ragged-Robin
Lychnis flos-cuculi
SIZE AND DESCRIPTION
Distinctive upright perennial to 80cm tall. Stems are rough and sometimes branched. Stem leaves are narrow, rough, grass-like, stalkless and borne in opposite pairs. Basal leaves are stalked and oblong. Flowers are pinkish-red and ragged looking, each with five petals that are divided into four lobes.
FLOWERING TIME
May–August.
HABITAT AND DISTRIBUTION
Damp places including fens, water meadows and damp woodland rides. Widespread and locally common in Europe; less so in the south. Has declined due to land drainage.
Marsh-marigold
Caltha palustris
SIZE AND DESCRIPTION
Striking hairless perennial to 60cm tall, with a creeping habit. Basal leaves are kidney-shaped, dark green and borne on long stalks. Stem leaves are smaller and more rounded, with shorter stalks. Flowers are 20–30mm across and comprise five yellow sepals but no petals; they are borne in loose clusters.
FLOWERING TIME
March–July.
HABITAT AND DISTRIBUTION
Marshes, wet woodlands and fens. Widespread in most of Europe, except the Mediterranean region.
Lesser Celandine
Ranunculus ficaria
SIZE AND DESCRIPTION
Low-growing perennial to 30cm tall, which can form extensive carpets. Glossy dark green leaves are heart- or kidney-shaped, and borne on long stalks; they may appear variegated. Flowers are 15–30mm across, borne on long stems, and comprise three sepals and 8–12 yellow petals. They open fully only in bright sunshine. Fruits grow in rounded heads.
FLOWERING TIME
March–May.
HABITAT AND DISTRIBUTION
Open woodland and hedgerows. Very common in damp and shady places. Widespread across most of Europe, and sometimes locally abundant.
Yellow Flag
Iris pseudacorus
SIZE AND DESCRIPTION
Striking perennial to 1.2m tall, with a large fleshy rhizome. Leaves are sword-shaped, bluish-green and up to 1m long. Stems are slightly flattened. Flowers are up to 10cm across, deep yellow and comprise six segments, the three outer ones being broad and long; they are borne in groups of 2–3.
FLOWERING TIME
June–July.
HABITAT AND DISTRIBUTION
Damp soils in pond and river margins, and water meadows. Widespread across most of Europe.
Meadowsweet
Filipendula ulmaria
SIZE AND DESCRIPTION
Striking upright perennial to 2m tall. Leaves are pinnately divided into pairs of large toothed leaflets, interspersed with pairs of smaller leaflets. Flowers are 4–6mm across with 5–6 creamy white petals; they are borne in long frothy sprays to 25cm in length. Small fruit is twisted spirally and contains two seeds.
FLOWERING TIME
June–September.
HABITAT AND DISTRIBUTION
Damp soils in meadows, marshes and stream margins. Widespread across most of Europe, but essentially absent from the Mediterranean.
Cuckoo Flower
Cardamine pratensis
SIZE AND DESCRIPTION
Attractive upright perennial to 55cm tall, with a basal rosette of pinnately divided leaves that have 1–7 pairs of rounded leaflets. Flowers are 12–20mm across with four whitish-pink or pale lilac petals; they are borne in open clusters at the stem tips. Fruits consist of narrow upright pods to 4cm long. Also called Lady’s Smock.
FLOWERING TIME
April–July.
HABITAT AND DISTRIBUTION
Permanently damp ground in grassy areas such as meadows, fens and woodland rides. Widespread in Europe in suitable habitats.
Purple-loosestrife
Lythrum salicaria
SIZE AND DESCRIPTION
Downy perennial to 1.5m tall. Upright stems carry narrow and unstalked leaves either as opposite pairs or in whorls of three. Flowers are 10–15mm across and borne in tight whorls, creating a tall spike; petals are reddish-purple and there are 12 stamens. Fruit is an egg-shaped capsule.
FLOWERING TIME
June–August.
HABITAT AND DISTRIBUTION
Damp ground, typically beside water. Forms extensive stands in suitable locations. Widespread across Europe. Absent from the far north.
Marsh-mallow
Althaea officinalis
SIZE AND DESCRIPTION
Densely grey-hairy perennial to 1m tall. Leaves are large, toothed and sometimes palmately lobed. Flowers are lilac-pink, with shallowly notched petals 15–20mm long; they form a tall spike.
FLOWERING TIME
August–September.
HABITAT AND DISTRIBUTION
Ditches, brackish marshes and banks of coastal drainage dykes. Native to Europe, North Africa and western Asia. Locally common on the southern coastal areas of Britain.
Water Forget-me-not
Myosotis scorpioides
SIZE AND DESCRIPTION
Generally hairless creeping perennial to 12cm tall. Leaves are oblong to lanceolate, and borne on upright stems. Flowers are up to 8mm across, with five joined petals that are blue with a central yellow eye; they are borne in terminal clusters.
FLOWERING TIME
May–September.
HABITAT AND DISTRIBUTION
Watery areas on neutral and basic soils beside rivers and in marshes. Widespread in northern and central Europe.
Great Willowherb
Epilobium hirsutum
SIZE AND DESCRIPTION
Downy or hairy perennial to 2m tall. Leaves are stalkless and opposite, toothed, and lanceolate to oblong. Flowers are 15–25mm across, with four pinkish-purple petals that are notched at the tips and have pale centres. Fruit capsule splits to release plumed seeds.
FLOWERING TIME
June–August.
HABITAT AND DISTRIBUTION
Damp soils in fens and marshes and on the margins of rivers. Often forms extensive, sizeable clumps. Widespread in most of Europe except the far