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    One-Room Schoolhouses of New Hampshire: Primers, Penmanship & Potbelly Stoves
    One-Room Schoolhouses of New Hampshire: Primers, Penmanship & Potbelly Stoves
    One-Room Schoolhouses of New Hampshire: Primers, Penmanship & Potbelly Stoves
    Ebook145 pages1 hour

    One-Room Schoolhouses of New Hampshire: Primers, Penmanship & Potbelly Stoves

    By Bruce D. Heald

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    The quaint one-room schoolhouses dotting New Hampshire formed the backbone of the early Granite State education system. Education-minded communities began building these bare-bones schools in the late seventeenth century. In a modest log or clapboard structure, a single teacher faced the challenge of instructing students of all grades through farming seasons and the daily rigors of rural life. Often, these determined educators were limited to instructing students from whichever books pupils brought from home. Despite this, education was highly valued, and students trekked through the weather of all seasons and endured corporal discipline to become literate and learned. Author Bruce Heald explores the evolution of New Hampshire's one-room schoolhouses and shares the firsthand accounts and memories of former pupils.
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherThe History Press
    Release dateJul 15, 2014
    ISBN9781625850546
    One-Room Schoolhouses of New Hampshire: Primers, Penmanship & Potbelly Stoves
    Author

    Bruce D. Heald

    Dr. Bruce D. Heald is an adjunct American history professor, Plymouth State University; Babes-Bylyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania associate professor; West Point lecturer; M.S. Mount Washington senior purser; author of over forty books and many New England history articles; fellow, International Biographical Association and World Literary Academy in Cambridge, UK; American Biographical Institute 1993 Gold Medal of Honor for literary achievement recipient; and New Hampshire General Court representative. Career journalist and farmer Steve Taylor retired after serving for twenty-five years as commissioner with the department of agriculture. He was founding executive director of the New Hampshire Humanities Council and a founding board member and board chair of Leadership New Hampshire from 1993 to 1998. Steve currently serves on several nonprofit boards and is a lecturer on New Hampshire agricultural history for the Humanities Council. He has served as town and school district moderator since 1980.

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      Book preview

      One-Room Schoolhouses of New Hampshire - Bruce D. Heald

      eternity."

      1

      Early History of New Hampshire Education

      During the early colonial days, the Commonwealth of Massachusetts undertook the leadership of education for all New England. A school had been established in the town of Boston by 1635 (Boston Latin School on School Street), and by 1642, a law had been passed by the general court providing that all parents should have their children taught how to read and apply a trade. The Massachusetts law went further to make primary education compulsory for all parents, where the latter only require the teaching of a trade to the poor child.

      The act of 1642, according to the state legislature, aimed to get the most out of children’s education. Writing the education system into law protected against parents and schoolmasters who might be too indulgent, distracted or negligent to properly prepare their children for citizenship. The law ordered that communities make sure their children learned to read English in order to learn the laws of the nation and the Bible. It was the intention of the act of 1642 to emphasize good education for the scholars of each district and so provide appropriate benefit to the commonwealth of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.

      It was also ordered by the commonwealth that the selectmen in each town have vigilant control over each school district. Parents were not to allow any barbarism in the community, and families had to teach scholars enough to speak the English language and properly receive the capital knowledge and laws, with a penalty of twenty shillings for neglecting their duties. Finally, that catechism of the principles of religion had to be instructed by the master to the children.

      Abandoned schoolhouse located near the swamp flood zone. Courtesy of William F. Robinson.

      The early laws of education passed by the general court were insufficient and weak, and in most cases, these laws were never really attained, though schools were established in a number of towns throughout New England. In the majority of the school districts, the only subjects taught were reading, writing, arithmetic and religious training. Later, this will be illustrated in our first established schools (see Chapter Two).

      According to the New Hampshire General Court and its authority, it was the desire for the following to be enforced:

      The formation of early education may not be buried in the grave of our forefathers in church and commonwealth, the Lord assisting our endeavors.

      Every township within this jurisdiction, after that the Lord hath increased them to the number of fifty householders, shall then forthwith appointe one within theire towne, to teach all such children as shall resort to him, to write and read; whose wages shall be paid either by the parents or masters of such children, or by the inhabitants in general, by way of supplye, as the major parte of those who order the prudential of the towne shall appointe: provided, that those who send their children, bee not oppressed by paying much more than can have them taught for in other townes.

      It was further ordered, that where any towne shall increase the number of one hundred families or householders, they shall sett up a grammar schoole, the masters thereof, being able to instruct youths so far as they may bee fitted for the university: and if the town neglects the performance hereof, above one yeare, then every such towne shall pay five pounds per annum, for the next such schoole, till they shall performed this

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