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Zwölf Jahre als Sklave - 12 Years a Slave
Zwölf Jahre als Sklave - 12 Years a Slave
Zwölf Jahre als Sklave - 12 Years a Slave
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Zwölf Jahre als Sklave - 12 Years a Slave

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Bibliophile Ausgabe mit Hintergrundinformationen zu Buch und Film. Bonus: Was wurde aus Solomon Northup nach seiner Befreiung?

»Zwölf Jahre als Sklave« (»Twelve Years A Slave«) ist die bewegende Autobiografie eines frei geborenen schwarzen Amerikaners, der entführt und versklavt wurde, ehe ihm endlich die Flucht gelang.

Solomon Northup lebt mit Frau und Kindern in Saratoga im Bundesstaat New York und hält sich mit kleinen Handwerksjobs und Geigenspiel über Wasser, bis er 1841 zwei Fremde kennenlernt, die ihn mit dem Versprechen eines Engagements als Zirkusmusiker nach Washington locken – damals eine Drehscheibe des Sklavenhandels in den USA. Die beiden betäuben ihn und verkaufen ihn an einen Plantagenbesitzer in Louisiana; schließlich landet er auf den Baumwollfeldern eines unbarmherzigen »Masters« und kann erst nach zwölf Jahren mit der Hilfe eines kanadischen Freundes in die Freiheit zurückkehren.

Northups Bericht erschien 1853 kurz nach dem Roman »Onkel Toms Hütte« und war in den USA ein Bestseller. Zur Zeit des Sezessionskriegs geriet er in Vergessenheit und wurde erst von der Historikerin Sue Eakin wiederentdeckt, die 1968 nach mehrjährigen Recherchen eine kommentierte Neuausgabe herausgab.

Schließlich stieß der britische Künstler und Regisseur Steve McQueen auf Northups immer noch weitgehend vergessenes Buch und machte es zur Vorlage für seinen 2013 erschienenen Film »12 Years a Slave«, der in Cannes den Golden Globe, den British Academy Film Award und den Oscar als bester Film 2014 gewann.

»Ich war entsetzt, dass ich die Geschichte nicht kannte. Aber dann hörte ich mich ich um und stellte fest: Niemand kannte das Buch. Ich wohne in Amsterdam und dachte sofort an die Parallelen zu Anne Frank. ›Twelve Years‹ ist für die Sklaverei so wichtig wie Anne Franks Tagebuch für die Nazizeit.« (Steve McQueen in der Frankfurter Allgemeinen Sonntagszeitung)

»Twelve Years a Slave« liegt erstmals auf Deutsch vor und ist für deutschsprachige Leser noch zu entdecken. Da Sklaverei faktisch bis heute vorkommt, ist Solomon Northups beklemmender Bericht nicht nur von historischem Interesse, sondern von bleibender Aktualität.

Buchumfang: ca. 322 Normseiten (76.000 Wörter/484.000 Zeichen)
LanguageDeutsch
PublisherXinXii
Release dateMar 16, 2014
ISBN9783957038432
Zwölf Jahre als Sklave - 12 Years a Slave
Author

Solomon Northup

Solomon Northup was a renowned fiddle player who was kidnapped and enslaved for twelve years before he was rescued by an official agent from the state of New York.

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Rating: 4.205000775 out of 5 stars
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  • Rating: 5 out of 5 stars
    5/5
    Twelve Years a Slave is one of the better known book-length slave narratives from the 19th century, of which there were about 100 published prior to the Civil War. Northup was an educated free man from New York who was kidnapped and transported to the the infamous Mississippi Delta, sort of the 'eastern front' of slavery in America, where the most brutal of conditions existed. He experienced families broken apart, a diet of corn meal and wild-caught bush meat, no medical care, no furniture or cooking utensils, constant whippings by capricious and sadistic white men (and women), the occasion kindness, runaways and dogs and swamps - all background elements to an amazing story of finding home again.It helped to follow the story on a map, here is the location of Ebbs plantation, no longer in existence but one can use Street View to travel around the fields. With the film soon to be released there will be a lot of deserved interest in the book. I listened to it as Audiobook, the professional voice acting brings it to life, the accented idioms and singing and so on. There are two excellent versions, both narrated by African American actors, one by Louis Gossett, Jr. and the other by Richard Allen. I listened to the Allen version, which I think is now unfairly overshadowed by Gossett, of Roots fame, but both are good in their way.
  • Rating: 5 out of 5 stars
    5/5
    This audio book brought Solomon’s voice through Louis Gossett Jr. as he read the book to me in my car. Mr. Gossett Jr. did a fantastic job bringing the emotion through making Solomon very real to me. This book was heart breaking, gut wrenching, and opened my eyes even further to another part of slavery. I have not watched the movie yet as I wanted to read the book first.
    First of all, the concept of slavery just boggles my mind to begin with, it always has. The fact that white people thought they had the right to own another human has always baffled me and even more after listening to this book. It showed that there were a lot of bullies back then as there still are today. The brutal lashings after being stripped down and secured to the ground, the sorrow of children being taken from their mother, I can’t imagine anyone going through it. To be ripped away from what you know and love and then beaten to almost your death, there are no words.
    I still can’t believe slavery was abolished in 1865. That wasn’t very long ago yet the youth of today don’t realize how recently it happened. It chills me to think that just a hundred years before I was born this was going on. This book should be part of the American History curriculum for every High School. I know Solomon will be with me for the rest of my life.
  • Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
    4/5
    A free black man in New York is kidnapped and sold into slavery in Louisiana, where he remains for a dozen years before he is rescued. It pulls no punches when describing the horrors of slavery, but what really struck me is how hard Northup worked to see the best in everyone. He does put a little more detail into the act of farming cotton and the description of stocks than I found strictly necessary, but his purpose was to educate his contemporaries about the realities of slavery, setting the record straight. He goes to great pains to give evidence that his story is true, and while he does speak about the wrongness of slavery as an institution, he is reasonable rather than preachy. Fascinating story.
  • Rating: 5 out of 5 stars
    5/5
    A free black man is forced into slavery, and stays a slave for twelve years. How can anyone survive what too many of the slaves endured?This remarkable memoir is highly readable and no one with even the least little heart could fail to be touched deeply by it.The language is the language of the time, and helps transport the reader to the world of Mr. Northup. The book is relatively short, but what a wallop it packs in those pages. It is never boring and immensely informative.While painting a very ugly picture, this book is not a diatribe. The author recognizes that although the institution of slavery is abominable, there were masters who treated their slaves well, if holding people against their will, owning them, can ever be considered good treatment. This particular Kindle edition does have some mistakes in it. I most frequently noticed that words were split in two, but there were also some incorrect words and a few formatting problems. However, and despite the mistakes, the editing is not awful, and the content of the story more than makes up for any editing issues.
  • Rating: 5 out of 5 stars
    5/5
    A Must ReadHow was it I never heard of this book before the movie's circulation? I read it in preparation for the movie, which I still have yet to see. 12 Years A Slave is a heartbreaking memoir of a free black man kidnapped and sold into slavery in Louisiana. And yet I found it an uplifting and inspirational story. The conditions and behaviors are naturally horrifying, but the book is well written and quite balanced in outlook. The fact it is non-fiction and all events are verifiable amazed me. A very moving historical testament.
  • Rating: 3 out of 5 stars
    3/5
    12 YEARS A SLAVE by Solomon NorthupI never thought I would say this but …. Go see the movie. The story is important but the book is ponderous. The writing is old fashioned enough to make it difficult for the modern reader. I was glad I read this on my e-reader so I could easily look up all the many “archaic” words. The punctuation also forces the reader to slow down and re-read portions to understand what is being said in this autobiography.The book relates the experiences of a free black man who is kidnapped by slavers in Washington, DC and taken to Louisiana where he is sold into slavery. It takes 12 long years for him to be found, released from bondage and returned to wife and children. He suffers under both cruel and mild masters as he shares life with other bound persons. Northup also relates the stories of other persons he suffers with. You will feel Patsey’s pain as she is whipped into submission and suffer with Elisa as her small children are wrenched from her and sold away never to be seen again.This biography needs to be told. Perhaps another writer will make the story come alive for the modern reader.3 of 5 stars
  • Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
    4/5
    Solomon Northup was born a free man in New York State. At the age of 33 he was kidnapped in Washington D.C. and placed in an underground slave pen. Northup was transported by ship to New Orleans where he was sold into slavery. He spent the next 12 years working as a carpenter, driver, and cotton picker. This narrative reveals how Northup survived the harsh conditions of slavery, including smallpox, lashings, and an attempted hanging. Solomon Northup was among a select few who were freed from slavery.My Thoughts:The description of the book really tells the reader what to expect with this true account of the authors experiences. The story is really harrowing and it is awful what human beings can do to each other.I wouldn’t say that the book is an enjoyable one because of its content and at times it was awful. I especially found the floggings terrible and worse of all was what happened to Patsey. After that event I found that I couldn’t stand anymore so I was skipping towards the end just to see how the author did find his freedom again.A very harrowing tale but at times very compelling but I wouldn’t say it was a nice read. I am glad that I did read this book albeit it hard at times to read the content.
  • Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
    4/5
    The name Solomon Northup meant nothing to me until I saw the film, Twelve Years a Slave.

    I don’t usually read a written work after seeing a film adaptation, but in this harrowing instance I made an exception.

    Why? Two reasons really. One, because having witnessed a director’s eye view of the story, I wanted to hear the voice of the man who had been kidnapped a free man and sold as a chattel into bondage. Two, Slavery is an age-old human outrage which is as much a vile horror in today’s world as it was during Solomon Northup’s day and across the world for millennia before that.

    Solomon’s account shines as the work of an educated and talented man, whose downfall begins when he trusts the wrong people. Believing he could supplement the household income - during the temporary absence of his family – by accepting a two week job, playing the violin; he is lured by two villains to Washington, where he is drugged. Regaining consciousness he finds himself manacled hand and foot in a dark cellar, and stripped of clothes and possessions.
    On protesting his status as a free man, Northup suffers a near fatal beating by two strangers, and learns that the men he trusted with the promise of work had tricked him and sold him into slavery.

    On leaving the confines of the cellar to be transported, with a small group of unfortunates, to the Southern cotton plantations, the author glimpses the distant outline of the White House, a sad irony not lost to him.

    I didn’t enjoy this book. It was far more detailed than the film, which I also didn’t enjoy. I felt both had an essential message however, and both gave testament that there are no depths below which the human animal will stoop when dealing with his fellow man.

  • Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
    4/5
    Born a freeman in New York State in 1808, married with three children, Soloman was offered a short term job in Washington, DC to play his violin at a circus. However, he was drugged and shipped to Louisiana as a slave. For 12 years he worked on several plantations on the Red River recording names, places and conditions in his head all the while trying to find some way to communicate his whereabouts to his family and friends in New York.Eventually a Canadian working as a handyman in the area who had shown strong views about the injustice of slavery mailed a letter home for him which resulted in the Governor of New York sending an agent to Louisiana to free him.I had thought that this would be a difficult read because it was written in the 1850`s but I was pleasantly surprised to find Solomon was an excellent writer and his narrative flowed along quickly. As with any book that describes slavery or injustice to fellow humans such as the Holocaust, one wonders at man`s ability to mistreat his fellow human beings. In the case of slavery in the southern USA, it is how white religious men & woman justified it with the Bible that always rankles me.
  • Rating: 5 out of 5 stars
    5/5
    I expected a book written 160 years ago to have a much more dated style, but this one sounds surprisingly contemporary. The voice of the author, narrating his own experience, is real and natural, opening up a perspective to a horrible part of our history. It is fascinating and believable.
  • Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
    4/5
    This unforgettable memoir was the basis for the Academy Award-winning film 12 Years a Slave. This is the true story of Solomon Northup, who was born and raised as a freeman in New York. He lived the American dream, with a house and a loving family - a wife and two kids. Then one day he was drugged, kidnapped, and sold into slavery in the deep south. These are the true accounts of his twelve hard years as a slave - many believe this memoir is even more graphic and disturbing than the film. His extraordinary journey proves the resiliency of hope and the human spirit despite the most grueling and formidable of circumstances.
  • Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
    4/5
    Solomon Northup was a free black man living in New York state during the slave era. Married with a family, he is looking for extra work when he encounters a couple of men who say they've heard he plays a mean fiddle (he does), and wonder if he'd like to earn some money. He would, so he accompanies them to Washington DC without even letting his wife know, since she's also out of town at the moment. The evening they arrive he seems to be drugged by someone, whether that's the men he was traveling with or someone else, he's not sure. He awakens chained to the floor, and ultimately ends up being transported to Louisiana and sold as a slave. Solomon learns quickly that mentioning his status as a free man is not going to gain him anything but beatings, so he keeps his head down, watching and waiting for an opportunity to make contact with home and someone who can help him. From the title, we know it's not going to happen too soon.The events in the book are no worse than any other account of slavery, but I suppose some may find them more poignant by virtue of being told from the point of view of someone who started out as a free American. I found Solomon's predicament interesting, but I was always mindful that his experience was similar to that of many others who didn't have the ability to read and write to tell their stories, and who didn't have anyone to appeal to for their freedom. But he did what he could at the time, which is to get the hell out of slave states, and to tell the tale. Northup tells of both good and bad masters, not vilifying all white men in the south for their participation in slavery, but instead evaluating them as individuals. Considering the circumstances under which he got to know these men, it's remarkable that he was able to be so even-handed.The writing was simple and conversational, and the audio version (read by Lou Gossett, Jr.) was the perfect format to add immediacy to the experience.
  • Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
    4/5
    I saw the film first, which rather colours ones view somewhat. But both are great in different ways.I still cannot get over the fact that this intense barbarity went on only 150 years ago.
  • Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
    4/5
    Solomon Northup, a free black living in the free state of New York, was kidnapped and sold into slavery where he barely survived brutal and inhuman treatment at he hands go his "owner." The horrific conditions of the slaves and their oppression are aptly told with clarity and without exaggeration.
  • Rating: 5 out of 5 stars
    5/5
    A heartbreaking account of Soloman Nothup's kidnapping. How he was taken from his family, being a free man and forced into bondage for 12 years. The worse for it being a true story! How heartless owners whipped and used him to within an inch of his life, just because he was a black man!A brilliant read, written in language that is evocative of the times. The book on which the film of the same name was based
  • Rating: 5 out of 5 stars
    5/5
    Published in 1853, this is the true life account of Solomon Northup, free man of Saratoga NY, properly educated as a child, married with three children and one time owner of a ferry service on the Hudson River. Through deceit and trickery, he was enticed to Washington DC with a job offer, drugged, kidnapped, and sold into slavery. He was shipped to a slave market in New Orleans where he was sold to William Ford. His time with the kindly Ford was short lived. Due to financial troubles, Ford was forced to sell Northup to the violent and volatile Edwin Epps. Northup toiled for almost 11 years in backwoods Louisiana before being rescued and restored to his family. Upon his return to freedom, Northup brought charges against the perpetrators. The case in NY was dropped due to issues over jurisdiction. The case in DC resulted in an acquittal because Northup, a black man, was not allowed to testify there. Northup's book was an instant success, selling 30,000 copies. Unlike other slavery accounts of the day, it was written from the perspective and experiences of a free man who finds himself so horribly betrayed and enslaved. His writing was not polemical. (He actually had kind words to say about his first master.) Accordingly, his writing was given greater weight as a true account, written without an agenda. Sympathy for his plight spurred abolitionists and won the approbation of Harriet Beecher Stowe, who stated it magnified and informed her Uncle Tom’s Cabin. In the last days of the Civil War, Union soldiers remarkably searched out Edwin Epps, who agreed Northup’s account was factual. Northup spoke movingly and well about his experiences and was sought on the speechmaking circuit. Before being lost to history, documentary evidence also indicates he actively assisted slaves to freedom on the Underground Railroad. How does this account hold up for modern eyes? Northup’s story is written with all of the verbal flourishes of mid 19th century literature. You will not want to read Twelve Years A Slave for the quality of the prose but rather for the powerful impact of his experiences. I was particularly moved by his palpable love of his wife and children. There is a searing account of one woman’s agony and grief upon being separated from her children at the slave market. Most heartrending is the fate of Patsy, forever caught between the unwanted libidinous interest of her master and the punishments of her spiteful jealous mistress. Historically important both in Northup’s time and ours, this unique perspective on a now incomprehensible way of life is highly recommended.
  • Rating: 5 out of 5 stars
    5/5
    I'd never heard of this book until promotion for the film, which I've not seen, began and inspired me to seek it out. I got it on my Kindle.I don't think I'd read anything on American slavery before but I'd imagined I knew pretty much what went on.However two things came very strongly out of this book for me and which I'd not really thought about before. The first was the grinding relentless reality of slavery, the day after day, month after month, year after year existence, the unceasing toil, unceasing cruelty, the total lack of respect for age or sex or family; above all, what all of this does to someone. The book gives vivid, ofthen harrowing depictions of all of this. And there are moments of vicious brutality which are not at all easy to read.The second, which Northup touched on in several places, was the utterly warped thinking which slavery engendered, as a necessity, in not just the slave owners but in a slave owning society. I think I can understand now why after abolition it took over a century and five generations to get out from under that thinking; I'd never really understood that before.
  • Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
    4/5
    Written in 1853 this is a true story of a free black man, basically kidnapped and sold into slavery. My first impression of this book was how wonderfully well it is written. My second was to note how dispassionately this story was told, as if the author had to emotionally distance himself in order to tell his story. So hard to read some of these events, but he also tells of good owners as well as those that were horrible.Have read that when this book was first published it caused barely a stir and quickly disappeared. Also recently read that one of the first printed copies of this book recently sold for 3500.00. Worthy read, just wish I knew what happened to the author in his later years.
  • Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
    4/5
    “If they don't know as much as their masters, whose fault is it? They are not allowed to know anything. You have books and papers, and can go where you please, and gather intelligence in a thousand ways. But your slaves have no privileges. You'd whip one of them if caught reading a book. They are held in bondage, generation after generation, deprived of mental improvement, and who can expect them to possess much knowledge?”Reading about slavery from Northup's perspective was quite insightful because he was born free. It felt like he was soaking in every detail from the landscape to the nature and personalities of the other slaves so that he tell this story. Being without pen and paper during his 12 years of slavery did not hinder Northup's memory. I appreciated the details even though most were painful to read. "Truly, Patsey was a splendid animal, and were it not that bondage had enshrouded her intellect in utter and everlasting darkness, would have been chief among ten thousand of her people."After viewing the movie based on this book, I could not wait to read Northup's actual narrative about Patsey played by the actress Lupita Nyong'o. Patsey was known by her master as Queen of the Field because she could pick 500lbs of cotton a day. She was a tortured soul and only 23 years old {per Northup's documentation}. It makes my heart glad that this slave who was treated so brutally and only praised for her labor is now known of by people all over the world. Epps nor the mistress could not stop the power of the written word. Patsey you made it. Slavery did not keep you bound. That evil institution did not keep your story from us. Northup gave you your freedom by writing your story. You are more than the Queen of the Field you are the Queen of our Hearts. I will never forget you. Another remarkable woman of this narrative was the slave, Celeste. Her cunningness was inspiring. She evaded the dogs. They refused to follow her tracks. Knowing something about the area that Northup writes from, Avoyelles Parish, Louisiana, I can only speculate that Celeste may have dabbled in "roots." She ran away and stayed in the woods for months. When the terror from the beasts of the swamps overwhelmed her she returned to her master. He fastened her neck in stocks and sent her back to the fields. Celeste your spirit of courage and determination was not lost. Other women put it on such as Ida B. Wells and Fannie Lou Hamer. The stocks did not bind your spirit you found us. Personally, I think the only thing Solomon Northup had to get him through those twelve years was his music. Had he not gotten to play and travel to play I believe slavery would have stolen him from his family and us forever.
  • Rating: 5 out of 5 stars
    5/5
    In a time when anything considered controversial is censured, Solomon Northup tells his story with honesty and humility. He takes the reader on his journey from being a free black man in the 1800s in America to becoming a beaten, starved and exploited slave, sold from one Master to another like cattle. His poignant real-life account of the appalling conditions he and his fellow slaves had to endure is heart-wrenching, and opens the reader’s eyes to the disgraceful acts of brutality inflicted on a human being by another.This man was an upstanding member of his community, who had been well educated and was also an accomplished violin player. He was a family man with a wife and three children, and took every measure possible to give them a decent and comfortable life.Unfortunately, in March of 1841, he was lured away from his home in Saratoga Springs by a pair of unscrupulous slave traders offering him money to join them on their journey to play his violin. He was drugged and divested of any documentation pertaining to him being free and thrown into a dark cellar, tied up like an animal, to await sale.What ensued was twelve years of torture that did not break his spirit. He resolved to continue with the hope that one day he would be liberated and once again return to his much-loved wife and children. That liberation came on January 1853.Northup’s story is one that must be read.
  • Rating: 5 out of 5 stars
    5/5
    There is no question that Solomon Northup is a hero of American History. This Slave narrative, 12 YEARS A SLAVE, by SOLOMON NORTHUP, is unforgettable. I think the story is not only amazing but also miraculous. When I met Solomon Northup, he was a slave. Solomon Northup is born a free man. He lives in Upstate New York. He has a wife named Anne and three children. He is a hard working man and a honest man. Until one day his whole life changes. It is difficult to believe there are indeed rascals and scoundrels on the earth and in the vicinity where you live especially when you've been taught all the bad men or evil masters are down South. On this particular day, Mr. Northup befriends two men. Two men who will take him South and sell him to a Southern planter. Solomon Northup had no idea of their ugly plans. For twelve years Solomon Northup does not mention he is a free man. He works harder than a dog. He is beaten. He is treated like he was born into slavery. I could not see how his life could ever change, how he could regroup from such a trial and test. I can't imagine losing my whole family in one day. Never hearing whether they are dead or alive for twelve long years. This man, now not a man but an animal, to his slave holders, continues to struggle through each day. I think he had quite a bit of faith. He never praises himself in the narrative. He does finally call himself upright. How does he look upon slavery? He calls it a "peculiar institution." Other than that he will not judge this way of life in any way. He will leave it to other men and women. Along with Solomon Northup, I met the other slaves around him. I had the chance to read about them. One woman still lives in my head. She had two children. She begged, screamed, begged, "please don't sell my children from me." Those who know about American slavery can guess what happened to her and her children. I could hear her voice in my head because it was my voice. If any man would have taken my children from me to an unknown place, I would have died. I would not have had the fortitude to live on. But how many men and women did live through those days without hope of seeing or hearing their children again? Only an inhumane person could do such a thing to another person. This woman's story is a testament to the horrors of slavery. It made me think about my values in life. I now believe more fully nothing is impossible in life. Perhaps this is why people say the truth is stranger than fiction. Number two is that I must always keep putting one foot in front of the other foot as I journey through the adventures, unwanted adventures, of my life. I must also remember my scars from life whether emotional or physical in no way touch what the slave ancestors lived each and every day of their short lives. Strange, one man's narrative has the power two and a half centuries later to give hope to people of another generation. His voice speaks from the grave. He still lives because his story lives. His last wish was to lie in the church graveyard and finally go home to the Lord. Little did he know how much his life would mean to future old and young people. It is a disservice if these slave narratives are not read in our schools and discussed with relevance.I have been moved by other slave narratives: for example Frederick Douglass's narrative and The Incidents in a Slave Girl's Life. Truly, I think this one, 12 YEARS A SLAVE, is my favorite. Why? Simply because he already had that most precious gift, freedom. He had experienced it. Not just wished for it. He had it. It was stolen from him. How in the world must he have felt? And that is what made me want to read this narrative. I named two lesson from the narrative by Solomon Northup. There are more than any two I named. As I remember Northup, I will not forget Epps, his wife or the other slaves who worked around him. The slaves had no idea he was a free man until the day Henry Northup came to pick him up and take him back to New York State and his family. Therefore, Solomon Northup taught me the importance of knowing the power of silence at the right hour.As the young people say, "he kept it "real" for twelve long years. That's a mighty long time to give free labor while you are treated as less than a man in every way. In the end, Epps still called Northup "that d______d nigger." He didn't change one bit in his thinking. As a matter of fact he headed out on his horse to find a way to stop this foolish behavior. Had the world gone nuts? To Epps and white men like him, yes, the world was losing its way. Their workers in a few year would be set free. The Land of Cotton was in danger. Who else would do such work with so little food and clothing while being beater with whips?If only the "men or masters" around Northup, had looked at that last name. It would have told them life was going to change for the better and the North would help it happen. When it begun to happen, the Civil War, there would be no way for the slaves to go but "up." Up in their geography and Up in their thinking..america.aljazeera.com/watch/shows/america-tonight/subject-of-12yearsaslave150yearsinwronggrave.html
  • Rating: 5 out of 5 stars
    5/5
    Because of the Academy Award nominated movie based on this book, I think most everyone is acquainted with the story of 12 Years a Slave. It’s the memoir written by Solomon Northup, a free black man who lived in New York state with his wife and three children. He was kidnapped and sold into slavery in 1841 and was a slave for twelve years before he was rescued.As one can imagine, Solomon’s time as a slave was utterly horrible. Because of the media coverage of the movie, I expected the worst in terms of what Solomon and the other slaves went through and the truth of it was even worse than I could have ever imagined. Not every scene is intense and graphic – I don’t want to discourage anyone from reading this book. It’s an important book and should be read by everyone. There are some scenes that are to read though, I won’t lie about that.I was surprised by how accessible the language Solomon used was. I’ve read other books from the 19th century that were really hard to follow and understand (Dickens, anyone?) This book was very beautifully and descriptively written but I still was always able to follow what was happening. I bought this version of the book because I anticipated struggling with it but I would have been just fine with the regular book.I haven’t seen the movie yet so I can’t draw any comparisons between the two but I still highly recommend this book to everyone.
  • Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
    4/5
    It’s quite tempting to call “Twelve Years a Slave” an overlooked or rediscovered classic, since it fell into obscurity after its initial success upon publication in 1853 and was pretty much forgotten until 1968, when a couple of historians decided to examine its accuracy. I suspect, however, that its neglect by the general public (and literary and historical scholars) has more to do with its author and its truth. Considering that Harriett Beecher Stowe’s “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” (a fictional tale of slavery written by a white woman)—which was published just a year before Northrup’s autobiographical account of his abduction and forced bondage—has remained a canonical part of 19th century American literature, one wonders whether Northrup’s tale was perhaps less palatable to the literary and historical community because of its authenticity.Although the book contains disturbing depictions of whippings, detailed accounts of a slave’s day laboring in the cotton fields or the sugar mill, and the overall miserable living conditions of slaves—along with honest portrayals of unmitigated sadism committed by white men and women—Northrup does not embellish these accounts or depict them as outlandishly gruesome and brutal (though they no doubt were). His tone is almost demure and understated throughout—his dignity and sense of propriety triumphs over any vengeance or bitterness he undoubtedly felt.Reading Northrup’s memoir alongside Stowe’s novel would, I suspect, yield some valuable insights regarding the power of both genres in terms of narrative art and historiography.
  • Rating: 5 out of 5 stars
    5/5
    This is a very old story... a plague from throughout human history. Even though Solomon is revealing his personal story from a 160 years ago, it is as fresh as if it happened today. Why? Because it still is happening today. Human trafficking is a blight on humanity... not only on those who participate but on those who are not outraged enough to do something about it. If you read this book and then continue to ignore the plight of sex-slave victims in your own town, state, country, and world, you are as guilty as those who pick up the whip and flail the backs of the down-troddened and victimized women and children every day. Read this book and then become an advocate for the poor and defenseless until this blight is removed.
  • Rating: 5 out of 5 stars
    5/5
    This is the harrowing account of a free black man who was kidnapped. His free papers were stolen, he was viciously beaten into submission and then transported to plantations in the south as a slave. His whereabouts were unknown to any and all who could free him. The idea that any man, of any color, or any background, could be captured and penned, treated like no more than a brute animal, should have been, then and surely now, nothing short of anathema to any breathing human being. Ignorance could not be a legitimate excuse, anymore than it could have been during the Holocaust. Myself, I am at a loss to understand why an economy driven by slaves would be exalted, why greed would be elevated to heights higher than human dignity.Man’s inhumanity to man, man’s ability to turn a blind eye to human suffering for monetary gain, will render the reader speechless and horrified. As a Jew whose history is steeped in slavery, I felt personally affected by his plight and angered to the point of distraction, because there is absolutely nothing anyone can do today to reverse the effects of the terrible injustice imposed upon people, simply because of their color. They were kept illiterate, forbidden to improve their station in life, beaten violently for the slightest infractions, by people who would not have wanted such a life for themselves or anyone they associated with, and yet, they turned a blind eye to accumulate the all-mighty dollar. Those who hated, taught their offspring to hate. Those who hated, hired overseers who hated. Those who hated often got away unscathed. Justice was usually not served for the black man. No matter how many times one reads about slavery, it is impossible to get used to the idea that human trafficking existed in this country with very little opposition, for many years, and today, still exists in other avenues of the culture.The successful economy of the plantation depended upon slavery, but while the South flourished, the slaves did not. They worked until their deaths, without hope of freedom or any basic civil rights. In this book, there is a definitive description of the life of a slave, by a man who walked in those shoes. No man or woman could possibly begin to understand the horror of a slave’s existence, the helplessness, the shame, the humiliation, the human suffering, unless they walked in those shoes, themselves. The reader will come to understand, more fully, how cruel and barbaric the practice was and will understand why it has been so hard, for those enslaved and their descendants, to achieve success, even today.Families were torn asunder, children were separated from mothers, husbands from wives, friends from friends, and then subjected to abuse, beatings, rape, overwork, starvation, unlivable living conditions, and brutal masters, until they were completely subdued and weakened, unable to defend themselves, unable to change their circumstances, unable to do anything but acquiesce or die.From Solomon’s descriptions of the despicable treatment of the slaves, as if they were less than human, lower than animals in bondage, made to respond like automatons, the reader will come to understand how strong these people had to be, mentally and physically, in order to withstand so much cruelty and exploitation, in order not to succumb. One will wonder why they would even want to live under such conditions, yet they found a way to find enjoyment and pleasure in the few moments they could share together, on holidays, in evenings, in moments when they were alone. They managed to create communities for themselves, even under such horrendous circumstances. Solomon makes it a point of saying that not all masters were cruel. He often found goodness in unexpected places. He, himself, was sometimes forced to be cruel to his friends and fellow slaves, forced to lose his own humanity by joining forces with the masters in order to avoid his own abuse and beatings. His plight, during his years as a slave, when he was required to whip fellow slaves, reminded me of that of the Kapos, during the Holocaust. Kapos were prisoners who meted out the justice and punishment upon other prisoners, for their Nazi captors. Were they co-conspirators or simply saving their own skins? It is an ethical conundrum.Perhaps not all masters were the same, but all owned their slaves and valued them more for their purchase or resale price and their productivity, rather than for their lives. Some slaves, realizing they would never be free, tried to escape. When caught, the punishment was inhuman. They were whipped beyond comprehension or murdered. Although many tried hard to please their masters, they were often caught between the petty jealousies of the master and the mistress, neither willing to understand that a slave had no choice but to do what they were told, that they had no free will. There was no safety for them. There were no defenders of their plight.Simply reading about the beatings, often beyond human endurance, made my skin crawl, made me want to find those barbaric, immoral, insensitive savages who treated other human beings so maliciously, though they are long gone. These poor victims had no recourse whatsoever. The mercilessness of the owners and the overseers leaves the reader aghast and hoping there is an afterlife where these people do get their just desserts. They were totally selfish and cold-blooded, pitiless and callous. There are simply no adequate words to describe that blight upon our history.The years of beatings and abuse never broke Solomon’s spirit; he saw good qualities in almost everyone he met and always maintained a positive attitude, hoping to be free again.In this memoir, he presents a clear, concise description of slavery from a slave’s vantage point. His daily life was one of monotonous, unending labor and fear. Solomon was luckier than most. He played the violin and could entertain plantation owners, occasionally escaping the toil of his fellow slaves. He was clever and could build and repair most things, unlike the vast majority of slaves who were kept totally imprisoned by their forced life of ignorance. He was therefore, more valued. He knew of the outside world, while they knew of no other than the world of master and slave. He lived to go from his capture and captivity to freedom and his wife and family. He lived to try and see the worst of these slave traders cringe in fear, but not, unfortunately, brought to justice. Even though he was a free man in the eyes of the law, in the eyes of the world, he was still subservient, still second class. Once free, I read that he lectured on his experiences and also worked on behalf of the cause to abolish slavery and to aid other slaves seeking freedom through the Underground Railroad.The descriptions of the cultivation and picking of the cotton and the process of planting and cutting of the sugar cane, as well as the explanation of how some of the crude equipment worked, was sometimes tedious, and that was the only drawback I could find in this beautifully written memoir, read by Louis Gossett Jr.
  • Rating: 5 out of 5 stars
    5/5
    Solomon Northup was born in 1808, the son of a freedman whose ancestors had been slaves in Rhode Island. In 1841 he was tricked and kidnapped, handed over to slave traders and transported to Louisiana. While initially owned by "the kind, noble, candid, Christian" master, William Ford, he was sold after his master fell on hard times and for most of the rest of his captivity was owned by the cruel Edwin Epps. He had many bitter low points ("there have been hours in my unhappy life....when the contemplation of death as the end of earthly sorrow - of the grave as a resting place for the tired and worn out body - has been pleasant to dwell upon"). He eventually managed to smuggle out letters through a sympathetic contact and secure his freedom and return to his family in New York in 1853. I haven't seen the 2013 film based on this book, but will now seek to do so.Solomon tells his story, published a few months after his return to freedom, in simple but powerful words and is at times quite laconic in its presentation of the sufferings he endures ("..after a bondage of twelve years - it has been suggested that an account of my life and fortunes would not be uninteresting to the public"). Being written with the mindset of the mid-19th century, it contains assumptions that are of its time, e.g. while believing that the black man is as entitled to freedom as the white man, he seems to have imbibed the belief that most (though not all, in his view) white men are inherently superior ("[I was]..conscious, moreover, of an intelligence equal to that of some men, at least, with a fairer skin"; "I clasped them [his children] to my bosom with as warm and tender love as if their clouded skins had been as white as snow"). He recounts the rhythms of the slaves' lives, the brusque separation of family members, the beatings and hard labour, the inadequate and monotonous diet, but above all, I think, the sheer arbitrariness of the slave's life; the knowledge that a master can do anything he or she wishes to what the law deems his or her own property. Despite having worked for both humane and cruel masters, he is clear that "nevertheless, the institution that tolerates such wrong and inhumanity as I have witnessed, is a cruel, unjust, and barbarous one" and that ignorant writers talking about the "pleasures of slave life... will find that ninety-nine out of every hundred [slaves] are intelligent enough to understand their situation, and to cherish in their bosoms the love of freedom, as passionately as themselves." One final powerful image: "Within plain sight of this same house [the slave pen in Washington], looking down from its commanding height upon it, was the Capitol. The voices of patriotic representatives boasting of freedom and equality, and the rattling of the poor slave's chains, almost commingled".Brilliant stuff and a defence of human freedom that is relevant to all races and nations and to any period of time.
  • Rating: 5 out of 5 stars
    5/5
    Wrenching, important book by Simon Northrup, an African American free man who is kidnapped and sold into slavery. Written in 1853 (?), apparently helped move public opinion against slavery. Well read performance by Louis Gossett, Jr. (listened to this several months before the movie was released)
  • Rating: 5 out of 5 stars
    5/5
    I was way ahead on reading Battle Cry of Freedom for my Civil War reading group, so I decided to take a break and read something related. I'd been meaning to read this since seeing the heart-breaking movie, and as I'd found a nice copy at my favorite used bookstore last year, this seemed an obvious choice.I thought the movie did a fairly good job of keeping faithful to the book, so most of the horrors of this story were already familiar. So what impressed me most in this reading were Northup's remarkable insights into the people around him -- both the slaves who have known such treatment their entire lives, but also the slave owners. Some of his observations of the very real cost to their humanity by the brutalities they have inflicted and/or witnessed as members of the slave-holding class struck me. Northup wasn't just a man thrust into extraordinary circumstances -- he was clearly himself extraordinary, as a writer and observer, to be able to produce such an account.
  • Rating: 3 out of 5 stars
    3/5
    2.5 starsIn the mid-1800s, Solomon Northup was a free black man from New York. He was married and had three kids. He was kidnapped and sold into slavery in Louisiana. This is his story. I think I made the mistake of listening to the audio. Even worse, my library had the choice of three different audio books, with three different narrators. I chose the narrator I recognized (though I've not listened to him narrate a book before): Louis Gossett, Jr. Unfortunately, the book rarely held my attention. It did some, and the parts I paid attention to were ok, but overall, I missed out on too much of the book to really “like” it.
  • Rating: 5 out of 5 stars
    5/5
    This is one of those books everyone should read. Northrup’s account of his kidnapping and twelve years of enslavement is made even more poignant by the matter-of-fact style of his narrative.

Book preview

Zwölf Jahre als Sklave - 12 Years a Slave - Solomon Northup

Über dieses Buch

»Zwölf Jahre als Sklave« (»Twelve Years A Slave«) ist die bewegende Autobiografie eines frei geborenen schwarzen Amerikaners, der entführt und versklavt wurde, ehe ihm endlich die Flucht gelang.

Solomon Northup lebt mit Frau und Kindern in Saratoga im Bundesstaat New York und hält sich mit kleinen Handwerksjobs und Geigenspiel über Wasser, bis er 1841 zwei Fremde kennenlernt, die ihn mit dem Versprechen eines Engagements als Zirkusmusiker nach Washington locken – damals eine Drehscheibe des Sklavenhandels in den USA. Die beiden betäuben ihn und verkaufen ihn an einen Plantagenbesitzer in Louisiana; schließlich landet er auf den Baumwollfeldern eines unbarmherzigen »Masters« und kann erst nach zwölf Jahren mithilfe eines kanadischen Freundes in die Freiheit zurückkehren.

Northups Bericht erschien 1853 kurz nach dem Roman »Onkel Toms Hütte« und war in den USA ein Bestseller. Zur Zeit des Sezessionskriegs geriet er in Vergessenheit und wurde erst von der Historikerin Sue Eakin wiederentdeckt, die 1968 nach mehrjährigen Recherchen eine kommentierte Neuausgabe herausgab.

Schließlich stieß der britische Künstler und Regisseur Steve McQueen auf Northups immer noch weitgehend vergessenes Buch und machte es zur Vorlage für seinen 2013 erschienenen Film »12 Years a Slave«, der in Cannes den Golden Globe als bestes Filmdrama erhielt, den British Academy Film Award und den Oscar 2014 als bester Film.

»Ich war entsetzt, dass ich die Geschichte nicht kannte. Aber dann hörte ich mich ich um und stellte fest: Niemand kannte das Buch. Ich wohne in Amsterdam und dachte sofort an die Parallelen zu Anne Frank. ›Twelve Years‹ ist für die Sklaverei so wichtig wie Anne Franks Tagebuch für die Nazizeit« (Steve McQueen in der Frankfurter Allgemeinen Sonntagszeitung)

Solomon Northup

Zwölf Jahre als Sklave

Übersetzt von Petra Foede

Für Harriet Beecher Stowe, deren Name weltweit für die große Reform steht.

Diese Erzählung, die einen weiteren Schlüssel zum Verständnis von »Onkel Toms Hütte« liefert, wird ihr voller Respekt gewidmet.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Über dieses Buch

Vorwort des Herausgebers der Erstausgabe

Kapitel 1

Kapitel 2

Kapitel 3

Kapitel 4

Kapitel 5

Kapitel 6

Kapitel 7

Kapitel 8

Kapitel 9

Kapitel 10

Kapitel 11

Kapitel 12

Kapitel 13

Kapitel 14

Kapitel 15

Kapitel 16

Kapitel 17

Kapitel 18

Kapitel 19

Kapitel 20

Kapitel 21

Kapitel 22

Was wurde aus Solomon Northup?

Das Buch und der Film

Historische Fotografien

Anmerkungen

Kapitel 1

Kapitel 3

Kapitel 4

Kapitel 5

Kapitel 6

Kapitel 7

Kapitel 8

Kapitel 9

Kapitel 10

Kapitel 11

Kapitel 12

Kapitel 13

Kapitel 14

Kapitel 15

Kapitel 17

Kapitel 18

Kapitel 19

Kapitel 20

Kapitel 21

Kapitel 22

Das Buch und der Film

Impressum

Vorwort des Herausgebers der Erstausgabe

Als der Herausgeber mit der Vorbereitung der folgenden Erzählung begann, nahm er nicht an, dass sie den Umfang dieses Bandes erreichen würde. Um jedoch alle Fakten darzustellen, die ihm mitgeteilt wurden, erschien es notwendig, sie auf ihre jetzige Länge auszudehnen.

Viele der Aussagen auf den folgenden Seiten werden durch reichlich vorhandene Beweise gestützt – andere beruhen ausschließlich auf Solomons Darstellung. Davon, dass er sich strikt an die Wahrheit gehalten hat, ist zumindest der Herausgeber überzeugt, der die Gelegenheit hatte, etwaige Widersprüche oder Unstimmigkeiten in seinen Behauptungen aufzudecken. Er hat stets dieselbe Geschichte wiederholt, ohne auch nur im Geringsten davon abzuweichen, und hat außerdem sorgfältig das Manuskript durchgesehen und eine Änderung diktiert, wann immer auch nur die kleinste Ungenauigkeit auftauchte.

Es war Solomons Glück, während seiner Gefangenschaft verschiedenen Herren gehört zu haben. Die Behandlung, die ihm in »Pine Woods« zuteil wurde, zeigt, dass es unter Sklavenhaltern sowohl menschliche als auch grausame Männer gibt. Von einigen wird im Buch mit Gefühlen der Dankbarkeit gesprochen, von anderen in einem Geist der Bitterkeit. Es ist anzunehmen, dass der folgende Bericht seiner Erfahrungen am Bayou Boeuf ein zutreffendes Bild der Sklaverei zeichnet, mit all ihren Licht- und Schattenseiten, so wie sie in dieser Gegend derzeit existiert. Frei von jeglicher Voreingenommenheit oder von Vorurteilen, wie er meint, war es das einzige Anliegen des Herausgebers, die wahrheitsgetreue Geschichte von Solomon Northups Leben zu erzählen, so wie er sie aus seinem Mund erfahren hat.

Diesem Ziel gerecht zu werden, ist ihm nach seiner Überzeugung gelungen, ungeachtet der zahlreichen Fehler in Stil und Ausdruck, die darin zu finden sein mögen.

David Wilson

Whitehall, New York, Mai 1853

Kapitel 1

Als freier Mann geboren, hatte ich dreißig Jahre lang die Segnungen der Freiheit in einem freien Land genossen, ehe ich entführt und in die Sklaverei verkauft wurde. Ich blieb unfrei, bis im Januar 1853, nach zwölf Jahren der Knechtschaft, meine glückliche Befreiung gelang. Man hat deshalb geäußert, dass ein Bericht über mein Leben und über mein Schicksal für die Öffentlichkeit interessant wäre.

Seit meiner Rückkehr in die Freiheit ist mir das zunehmende Interesse in den Nordstaaten der USA am Thema der Sklaverei nicht entgangen. Literarische Werke, die für sich in Anspruch nehmen, ihr Wesen sowohl mit ihren angenehmeren wie auch mit ihren abstoßenderen Seiten darzustellen, haben in unerwartetem Ausmaß Verbreitung gefunden und so, in meinen Augen, für Gesprächsstoff und fruchtbare Diskussionen gesorgt. [1]

Ich kann über die Sklaverei nur insoweit sprechen, wie ich sie mit meinen Augen gesehen – also nur insoweit, wie ich sie selbst kennengelernt und am eigenen Leib erfahren habe. Mein Anliegen ist es, einen offenen und ehrlichen Tatsachenbericht zu geben: die Geschichte meines Lebens zu erzählen, ohne Übertreibungen. Ich will es anderen überlassen, zu entscheiden, ob nicht vielleicht literarische Werke ein Bild noch grausameren Unrechts oder von noch härterer Knechtschaft zeichnen.

Meine Vorfahren väterlicherseits waren, so weit ich das für die Vergangenheit zurückverfolgen kann, Sklaven auf Rhode Island. Sie gehörten zu einer Familie namens Northup, von denen ein Mitglied in den Staat New York umzog und sich in Hoosic niederließ, im Rensselaer County. Er nahm Mintus Northup, meinen Vater, mit. Beim Tode dieses Gentleman, was vor etwa fünfzig Jahren gewesen sein muss, wurde mein Vater frei, befreit durch eine Bestimmung in dessen Testament.

Henry B. Northup, Esquire of Sandy Hill, ein ausgezeichneter Rechtsanwalt und der Mann, dem ich meine gegenwärtige Freiheit und die Rückkehr zu meiner Frau und meinen Kindern verdanke, ist ein Verwandter der Familie, in deren Diensten meine Vorfahren standen und von der sie den Namen bekamen, den ich trage. Dieser Tatsache mag das beharrliche Interesse zuzuschreiben sein, das er an meiner Person zeigt.

Einige Zeit nach der Befreiung meines Vaters zog er in den Ort Minerva im Essex County in New York, wo ich geboren wurde, im Juli 1808. Es ist mir mit meinen Mitteln nicht möglich festzustellen, wie lange er an diesem Ort blieb. Von dort zog er nach Granville im Washington County, in die Nähe eines Ortes, der als Slyborough bekannt ist, wo er einige Jahre auf der Farm von Clark Northup arbeitete, ebenfalls ein Verwandter seines früheren Herrn. Von dort zog er auf die Alden Farm in der Moss Street, etwas nördlich von dem Dorf Sandy Hill, und von dort auf die Farm, die jetzt Russel Pratt gehört, an der Straße, die von Fort Edward nach Argyle führt, wo er bis zu seinem Tode lebte, am 22. November 1829. Er hinterließ eine Witwe und zwei Kinder – mich und Joseph, meinen älteren Bruder. Dieser lebt immer noch im County Oswego, in der Nähe der Stadt gleichen Namens; meine Mutter starb in der Zeit meiner Gefangenschaft.

Obwohl er als Sklave geboren wurde und unter den Nachteilen arbeiten musste, denen meine beklagenswerte Rasse unterworfen ist, war mein Vater ein Mann, der für seinen Fleiß und seine Redlichkeit geachtet wurde, wie viele jetzt noch Lebende, die sich noch gut an ihn erinnern, gerne bezeugen werden. Sein ganzes Leben lang widmete er sich den friedlichen Tätigkeiten der Landwirtschaft; er suchte nie eine Anstellung in jenen eher untergeordneten Positionen, die speziell den Kindern Afrikas zugewiesen zu werden scheinen. Nicht nur, dass er uns eine Erziehung zukommen ließ, die jene übertraf, die Kindern unseres Standes üblicherweise zuteil wurde, er erwarb auch durch seinen Fleiß und seine Sparsamkeit einen ausreichenden Besitz, um das Wahlrecht ausüben zu dürfen.

Er sprach häufig mit uns über sein frühes Leben, und obwohl er stets die wärmsten Gefühle von Freundlichkeit und sogar von Zuneigung zu der Familie hegte, in deren Haus er ein Leibeigener gewesen war, verstand er dennoch das System der Sklaverei und war bekümmert über die Erniedrigung seiner Rasse. Er bemühte sich, unseren Geist mit Gefühlen für Anstand zu füllen, und uns zu lehren, unser Vertrauen und unsere Zuversicht auf Gott zu richten, der den Geringsten ebenso achtet wie den Höchsten unter seinen Geschöpfen.

Wie oft seit jener Zeit hat mich die Erinnerung an seine väterlichen Ratschläge eingeholt, während ich in einer Sklavenhütte in den fernen und ungesunden Regionen von Louisiana lag, an den unverdienten Wunden leidend, die ein unmenschlicher Herr mir zugefügt hatte, und mich nur nach dem Grab sehnend, das meinen Vater bedeckt hatte, damit es mich auch vor der Peitsche des Schinders schützen möge. Auf dem Friedhof von Sandy Hill bezeichnet ein schlichter Stein den Ort, wo er ruht, nachdem er würdig die Pflichten in den niederen Gefilden erfüllt hatte, die Gott ihm zugewiesen hatte.

Bis zu jener Zeit war ich grundsätzlich zusammen mit meinem Vater mit den Arbeiten auf der Farm beschäftigt. Die Freizeit, die mir zugestanden wurde, verbrachte ich allgemein entweder über meinen Büchern oder mit dem Geigenspiel – ein Vergnügen, das die größte Leidenschaft meiner Jugend war. Es ist seitdem auch für mich eine Quelle des Trostes, sorgte unter den schlichten Geschöpfen, aus denen meine Gemeinschaft bestand, für Freude und lenkte meine eigenen Gedanken für viele Stunden von der schmerzlichen Betrachtung meines Schicksals ab.

Am Weihnachtstag 1829 wurde ich mit Anne Hampton verheiratet, einem farbigen Mädchen, das damals in unserer Nachbarschaft wohnte. Die Zeremonie wurde in Fort Edward von Esquire Timothy Eddy vollzogen, einem Friedensrichter jenes Ortes, der dort immer noch ein bekannter Bürger ist. Sie hatte lange Zeit in Sandy Hill gewohnt, bei Mister Baird, dem Inhaber der Eagle Tavern, und auch bei der Familie von Reverend Alexander Proudfit aus Salem. Dieser Gentleman war viele Jahre lang Vorsteher der presbyterianischen Gemeinschaft jenes Ortes und war weithin geachtet für seinen Lerneifer und seine Frömmigkeit. Anne denkt immer noch voller Dankbarkeit an die große Freundlichkeit und die ausgezeichneten Ratschläge dieses guten Mannes. Sie kann ihre genaue Ahnenlinie nicht nachvollziehen, aber in ihren Adern mischt sich das Blut dreier Rassen. Es ist schwer zu sagen, ob das rote, das weiße oder das schwarze vorherrscht.

Die Vereinigung all dieser Rassen in ihrer Abstammung hat ihr ein einzigartiges, doch angenehmes Aussehen verliehen, wie man es selten findet. Obwohl sie eine gewisse Ähnlichkeit damit hat, kann man sie nicht wirklich als Quadroon ansehen, eine Klasse, zu der, wie ich zu erwähnen vergaß, meine Mutter gehörte. [2]

Ich hatte nun die Zeit der Minderjährigkeit hinter mir, seit ich im vergangenen Juli das Alter von einundzwanzig Jahren erreicht hatte. Des Rates und der Hilfe meines Vaters beraubt, mit einer Frau, für deren Lebensunterhalt ich zu sorgen hatte, beschloss ich, ein Leben voller Fleiß zu führen, und ungeachtet des Hindernisses meiner Hautfarbe und im Bewusstsein meines niedrigen Standes schwelgte ich in Träumen von einer künftigen guten Zeit, wenn der Besitz einer bescheidenen Behausung mit ein paar Morgen Land dazu meine Mühen belohnen und mir Glück und Freude bringen würde.

Von der Zeit meiner Heirat bis zum heutigen Tag ist die Liebe zu meiner Frau aufrichtig und besteht unvermindert fort; und nur diejenigen, die die leidenschaftliche Zärtlichkeit kennen, die ein Vater für seine Sprösslinge empfindet, können meine Zuneigung zu meinen geliebten Kindern, die uns geboren wurden, wertschätzen. Dies zu sagen, erscheint mir angemessen und notwendig, damit diejenigen, die diese Seiten lesen, verstehen können, welchen Schmerz die Prüfungen bedeuteten, die ich zu ertragen hatte.

Gleich nach unserer Hochzeit begannen wir, einen eigenen Haushalt zu führen, in dem alten gelben Gebäude, das damals am südlichen Ende des Dorfes Fort Edward stand und das inzwischen in ein modernes Herrenhaus umgewandelt und zuletzt von Captain Lathrop bewohnt wurde. Es ist als das »Fort House« bekannt. In diesem Gebäude wurden nach der Reorganisation des Landes eine Zeitlang die Gerichtsverhandlungen abgehalten. Es wurde 1777 auch von Burgoyne besetzt, da es in der Nähe des alten Forts am linken Ufer des Hudson gelegen war. [3]

Während des Winters war ich mit anderen damit beschäftigt, den Champlain-Kanal zu reparieren, in jenem Abschnitt, in dem William van Nortwick Aufseher war. David McEachron war direkt verantwortlich für die Männer, mit denen ich zusammenarbeitete. Zu dem Zeitpunkt, als der Kanal im Frühling geöffnet wurde, war ich dank der Ersparnisse von meinem Lohn in der Lage, ein Pferdegespann zu kaufen und andere Dinge, die für ein Frachtgewerbe notwendig sind.

Nachdem ich mehrere tüchtige Arbeiter als Hilfskräfte eingestellt hatte, unterzeichnete ich einen Vertrag über den Transport großer Floßladungen mit Nutzholz vom Lake Champlain nach Troy. Dyer Beckwith und ein Mister Bartemy aus Whitehall begleiteten mich auf mehreren Fahrten. Während der Saison wurde ich mit der Kunst und den Geheimnissen der Flößerei vollkommen vertraut – ein Wissen, das mich später in die Lage versetzte, einträgliche Dienste für einen ehrenwerten Herrn zu erbringen und die einfältigen Waldarbeiter an den Ufern des Bayou Boeuf zu beeindrucken.

Bei einer meiner Reisen hinunter zum Lake Champlain ließ ich mich dazu verleiten, einen Abstecher nach Kanada zu machen. In Montreal besuchte ich die Kathedrale und andere Sehenswürdigkeiten der Stadt, von wo aus ich meinen Ausflug nach Kingston und zu anderen Orten fortsetzte, so dass ich eine Kenntnis über Ortschaften erwarb, die mir später ebenfalls zugute kommen sollte, wie man am Ende dieser Erzählung sehen wird.

Nachdem ich meine Verträge auf dem Kanal zu meiner eigenen und zur Zufriedenheit meines Arbeitgebers erfüllt hatte und nicht untätig bleiben wollte, da nun die Schifffahrt auf dem Kanal erneut eingestellt wurde, unterzeichnete ich einen anderen Vertrag mit Medad Gunn, eine große Menge Holz zu schlagen. Mit diesem Geschäft war ich im Winter 1831/32 beschäftigt.

Mit der Rückkehr des Frühlings kamen Anne und ich auf den Einfall, eine Farm in der Nachbarschaft zu übernehmen. Ich war seit meiner frühesten Jugend an landwirtschaftliche Arbeit gewohnt und es war eine Tätigkeit ganz nach meinem Geschmack. Ich traf also entsprechende Absprachen über einen Teil der alten Alden-Farm, auf der mein Vater früher gewohnt hatte. Mit einer Kuh, einem Schwein, einem Gespann guter Ochsen, das ich kürzlich bei Lewis Brown in Hartford erworben hatte, und anderem persönlichen Hab und Gut zogen wir in unser neues Heim in Kingsbury. In jenem Jahr bepflanzte ich fünfundzwanzig Morgen Land mit Mais, säte Hafer auf großen Feldern und begann mit der Landwirtschaft in so großem Umfang wie meine Mittel es nur zuließen. Anne kümmerte sich fleißig um den Haushalt, während ich emsig auf dem Feld schuftete.

Dort blieben wir bis 1834. In der Wintersaison hatte ich zahlreiche Einladungen, auf der Geige zu spielen. Wo immer die jungen Leute sich zum Tanz versammelten, da war ich beinahe unweigerlich ebenfalls. In allen Dörfern der Umgebung war meine Fiedelei bekannt. Anne hatte sich während ihres langen Aufenthalts in der Eagle Tavern einen guten Ruf als Köchin erworben. Während der Gerichtswochen und bei öffentlichen Veranstaltungen wurde sie für einen hohen Lohn in der Küche von Sherrill’s Coffee House beschäftigt.

Wir kehrten von der Ausübung dieser Dienste stets mit Geld in unseren Taschen zurück, so dass wir mit Geigenspiel, Kochen und Landwirtschaft bald über einen gewissen Wohlstand verfügten und tatsächlich ein glückliches und begütertes Leben führten. Nun, wenn es nach uns gegangen wäre, dann wären wir auf der Farm in Kingsbury geblieben; aber es kam die Zeit, da der nächste Schritt in Richtung des grausamen Schicksals, das mich erwartete, fällig war.

Im März 1834 zogen wir nach Saratoga Springs. Wir bewohnten ein Haus, das Daniel O’Brien auf der nördlichen Seite der Washington Street gehörte. Zu dieser Zeit unterhielt Isaac Taylor eine große Pension, bekannt als »Washington Hall«, am nördlichen Ende der Hauptstraße. Er beschäftigte mich als Fahrer einer Droschke und in dieser Eigenschaft arbeitete ich zwei Jahre lang für ihn. Danach wurde ich, ebenso wie Anne, generell in der Hauptsaison im »United States Hotel« und anderen Gasthäusern des Ortes beschäftigt. In der Wintersaison war ich auf meine Geige angewiesen, obwohl ich in der Zeit, als die Eisenbahn zwischen Troy und Saratoga gebaut wurde, viele Tage harter Arbeit damit verbrachte.

In Saratoga war es meine Gewohnheit, notwendige Dinge für meine Familie in den Läden von Mr. Cephas Parker und Mr. William Perry zu kaufen, Gentlemen, für die ich aufgrund zahlreicher Freundlichkeiten einen großen Respekt empfand. Dies war der Grund, warum ich zwölf Jahre später den Brief an sie richtete, der später in diesem Buch zu finden ist, und der in den Händen von Mr. Northup das Werkzeug meiner glücklichen Befreiung wurde.

Während ich im »United States Hotel« wohnte, traf ich oft auf Sklaven, die ihre Herren aus dem Süden begleitet hatten. Sie waren immer gut gekleidet und wurden gut versorgt, führten anscheinend ein leichtes Leben, so dass sie sich kaum mit dessen üblichen Problemen herumschlagen mussten. Viele Male unterhielten sie sich mit mir über das Thema der Sklaverei. Beinahe durchgehend bemerkte ich, dass sie sich insgeheim nach Freiheit sehnten. Einige von ihnen äußerten den glühenden Wunsch zu entkommen und fragten mich um Rat, wie sich das am besten bewerkstelligen ließe. Die Angst vor Bestrafung jedoch, die sie sicher erwartete, wenn sie eingefangen und zurückgebracht wurden, wie sie wussten, erwies sich in allen Fällen als ausreichend, um sie von ihrem Vorhaben abzuhalten.

Ich hatte mein ganzes Leben lang die freie Luft des Nordens geatmet, und in dem Bewusstsein, dass ich die dieselben Gefühle und Leidenschaften besaß, die in der Brust des weißen Mannes ihren Platz haben, darüber hinaus in dem Bewusstsein, dass meine Intelligenz zumindest der einiger Männer mit einer helleren Haut ebenbürtig ist, war ich zu unwissend, vielleicht zu unabhängig, um zu begreifen, wie irgendjemand damit zufrieden sein konnte, in dem erniedrigenden Status des Sklaven zu leben. Ich konnte nicht das Recht dieser Gesetzgebung oder dieser Religion begreifen, die das Prinzip der Sklaverei unterstützt oder anerkennt. Und ich bin stolz zu sagen, dass ich es niemals unterließ, jemandem, der zu mir kam, den Rat zu geben, auf seine Gelegenheit zu warten und für die Freiheit zu kämpfen.

Ich wohnte weiter in Saratoga bis zum Frühjahr 1841. Die großen Erwartungen, die uns sieben Jahre zuvor von dem ruhigen Bauernhof ans östliche Ufer des Hudson gelockt hatten, hatten sich nicht erfüllt. Obwohl wir stets in angenehmen Verhältnissen lebten, waren wir nicht reich geworden. Die Gesellschaft und die Vereinigungen in diesem weltbekannten Heilbad waren nicht darauf angelegt, die einfachen Gepflogenheiten von Fleiß und Sparsamkeit zu bewahren, an die ich gewohnt war, sondern setzten stattdessen andere an ihre Stelle, die zu Faulheit und Verschwendung führten.

Zu dieser Zeit waren wir Eltern von drei Kindern – Elizabeth, Margaret und Alonzo. Elizabeth, die Älteste, war in ihrem zehnten Lebensjahr, Margaret war zwei Jahre jünger und der kleine Alonzo hatte gerade seinen fünften Geburtstag erlebt. Sie erfüllten unser Haus mit Freude. Ihre jungen Stimmen waren Musik in unseren Ohren. Manches Luftschloss bauten ihre Mutter und ich für die kleinen unschuldigen Wesen. Wenn ich nicht arbeitete, ging ich immer mit ihnen, angetan mit ihren besten Kleidern, durch die Straßen und Parks von Saratoga spazieren. Ihre Gegenwart war mein Glück, und ich drückte sie an meine Brust mit einer warmen und zärtlichen Liebe, als wäre ihre farbige Haut weiß wie Schnee gewesen.

Bis dahin bietet die Geschichte meines Lebens nichts, was ungewöhnlich wäre – nichts außer den üblichen Hoffnungen, Lieben und Mühen eines unbekannten farbigen Mannes, der seinen bescheidenen Weg auf Erden geht. Aber nun hatte ich einen Wendepunkt meines Daseins erreicht – die Schwelle zu unaussprechlichem Unrecht, zu Leid und Verzweiflung. Nun war ich in den Schatten der Finsternis getreten, in dichte Dunkelheit, in der ich bald verschwinden würde, um von da an vor den Augen all meiner Verwandten verborgen zu sein und ausgeschlossen vom süßen Licht der Freiheit, für viele trostlose Jahre.

Kapitel 2

Eines Morgens, Ende März 1841, als ich keiner bestimmten Beschäftigung nachging, wanderte ich durch den Ort Saratoga Springs und dachte darüber nach, wo ich eine vorübergehende Anstellung finden könnte, bis die Hauptsaison anfing. Anne war wie üblich hinüber nach Sandy Hill gegangen, etwa zwanzig Meilen entfernt, um sich während der Verhandlungstage des Gerichts um die Küche in »Sherrill’s Coffee House« zu kümmern. Elizabeth hatte sie begleitet, glaube ich. Margaret und Alonzo waren bei ihrer Tante in Saratoga.

An der Ecke zwischen Congress Street und Broadway, in der Nähe des Wirtshauses, das meines Wissens immer noch von Mr. Moon geführt wird, traf ich auf zwei respektabel aussehende Herren, die mir beide völlig unbekannt waren. Ich nehme an, ich wurde ihnen mit dem Hinweis, ich sei ein ausgezeichneter Geigenspieler, durch einen meiner Bekannten vorgestellt, wobei ich mich nicht daran erinnern kann, wer es war.

Auf jeden Fall begannen sie sofort ein Gespräch darüber und stellten zahlreiche Fragen zu meinen Fähigkeiten auf diesem Gebiet. Meine Antworten fielen anscheinend zufriedenstellend aus, denn sie boten an, mich vorübergehend zu engagieren, wobei sie behaupteten, ich sei genau die Person, die sie für ihr Unternehmen brauchten. Ihre Namen, die sie mir später nannten, waren Merrill Brown und Abram Hamilton, obwohl ich starke Zweifel habe, dass sie wirklich so hießen. Der Erste war ein Mann von etwa vierzig Jahren, relativ klein und dicklich, mit einer Miene, die Gerissenheit und Schläue verriet. Er trug einen schwarzen Gehrock und einen schwarzen Hut und sagte, er wohne entweder in Rochester oder in Syracuse.

Der Zweite war ein junger Mann mit heller Haut und hellen Augen, der nach meiner Einschätzung nicht älter als fünfundzwanzig war. Er war groß und schlank, gekleidet in einen gelblich braunen Mantel, mit einem glänzenden Hut und einer Weste mit elegantem Muster. Seine ganze Erscheinung war äußerst modisch. Sie hatte etwas Weibliches, war aber angenehm, und es ging eine gewisse Unbekümmertheit von ihm aus, die zeigte, dass er in der Welt herumgekommen war.

Sie standen nach ihren Worten in Verbindung mit einer Zirkusgesellschaft, die sich gerade in Washington City befinde. Sie wären auf dem Weg dorthin, um sich mit ihr zu treffen, nachdem sie sich kurzzeitig von ihr getrennt hätten, um einen Ausflug nordwärts zu machen und sich die Gegend anzusehen; ihre Kosten bestritten sie durch gelegentliche Auftritte. Sie erklärten weiter, sie hätten große Schwierigkeiten, Musiker für ihre Shows zu finden, und sie würden mir, wenn ich sie bis nach New York begleitete, einen Dollar pro Tag bezahlen und drei Dollar zusätzlich für jeden Abend, den ich bei ihren Auftritten spielte, außerdem genug, um die Ausgaben für meine Rückreise von New York nach Saratoga zu bezahlen.

Ich nahm das verlockende Angebot sofort an, wegen des in Aussicht gestellten Lohns und auch, weil ich den Wunsch hatte, die Großstadt zu sehen. Sie wollten unbedingt sofort abreisen. Da ich glaubte, ich würde nicht lange fort sein, hielt ich es nicht für nötig, Anne zu schreiben, wohin ich gehe; ich nahm sogar an, ich würde wahrscheinlich ebenso schnell zurückkehren wie sie. Also holte ich mir Wäsche zum Wechseln und meine Geige und war bereit zur Abreise. Die Kutsche wurde gebracht – eine geschlossene, gezogen von einem Paar edler Brauner; alles zusammen bildete ein elegantes Ensemble. Ihr Gepäck, das aus drei großen Koffern bestand, wurde auf dem Gepäckträger befestigt, und ich stieg neben dem Kutscher auf, während sie auf der Rückbank Platz nahmen. So verließ ich Saratoga auf der Straße nach Albany, freudig erregt angesichts meiner neuen Stellung, und so glücklich wie noch nie zuvor in meinem Leben.

Wir kamen durch Ballston, nahmen die sogenannte Ridge Road, wenn ich mich recht erinnere, und folgten ihr direkt nach Albany. Wir erreichten diese Stadt vor Anbruch der Dunkelheit und stiegen in einem Hotel südlich des Museums ab.

An diesem Abend hatte ich Gelegenheit,

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