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Agnes Grey
Agnes Grey
Agnes Grey
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Agnes Grey

Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars

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Agnes Grey est la fille cadette d'un pasteur. Sa famille se retrouve dans une mauvaise passe financiere et pour l'aider, Agnes décide de devenir gouvernante. Son passage dans deux familles va lui révéler que la situation de gouvernante n'est pas des plus faciles.
Anne, la plus jeune des soeurs Bronte, s'est appuyée sur sa propre expérience de gouvernante pour écrire ce premier roman dans lequel elle dénonce les carences éducatives des enfants dans certaines familles riches.

LanguageFrançais
PublisherBooklassic
Release dateJun 29, 2015
ISBN9789635259311
Agnes Grey
Author

Anne Brontë

English novelist and poet Anne Brontë was the youngest, and least recognized, member of the Brontë literary family. She wrote a volume of poetry with her sisters, Charlotte and Emily, before publishing two novels under the name Acton Bell. Brontë achieved modest success with her first novel, Agnes Grey, which was based on her time working as a governess, but her second novel, The Tenant of Wildfell Hall was a triumph, selling out in just six weeks. The Tenant of Wildfell Hall is also considered one of the first feminist novels, with depictions of alcoholism and immorality that were profoundly disturbing in the 19th century. Brontë died of tuberculosis in 1849 at the age of 29. Collectively, the Brontë sisters’ novels are considered literary standards that continue to influence modern writers.

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Rating: 3.587051687139108 out of 5 stars
3.5/5

1,143 ratings78 reviews

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  • Rating: 5 out of 5 stars
    5/5
    Anne is very under appreciated.I like her more realistic style.The book is told in the first person by Agnes. As a governess Agnes is given no real authority to punish her charges. So of course they feel free to disrespect her.
  • Rating: 2 out of 5 stars
    2/5
    I had a hard time with Ann Brontes writing style. An enjoyable story was mired down in too many words!
  • Rating: 5 out of 5 stars
    5/5
    a realistic & plain love story. The main character is normal and there isn't anything extravagant about the whole thing. Which makes this book a very nice read, it's a nice change to all the drama filled romance novels you find today.
    It was charming & wonderful.
  • Rating: 3 out of 5 stars
    3/5
    This was a Librovox recording that was ok. I thought that the voice of Agnes was a bit whiny. This matched the first half of the book which was Agnes's narrative about the awful students in her care. I sympathized with her a bit and thought that not only the students but parents were absolutely awful and disrespectful. It is interesting how little preparation a governess had for taking care of the young people she spent all day teaching and guiding. Going into a family with predefined behavior and disfunction had to be incredibly difficult. I am sure that very little was ever discussed prior to starting a placement in terms of managing difficult situations a governess was most likely going to experience.

    A governess was both a necessity and an evil. She was needed but not included as a member of the family. The ultimate decision-making was also in the hands of the parents, something that I am sure many youth took advantage of on a day to day basis.

    The second half of the book was more bright as some of the characters received their just desserts and Agnes found her path and voice. I was happy with the ending and must confess that I do enjoy things being wrapped up neatly.

    Looking forward to more of the Bronte sisters.
  • Rating: 3 out of 5 stars
    3/5
    Plain and rather predictable, but nice.
  • Rating: 3 out of 5 stars
    3/5
    Anne Bronte is one of the Bronte sisters, all of whom wrote novels. This book is based on Anne's own experiences as a governess. If the details are true to life then she had some horrible brats as students and I do feel sorry for her. However, feeling sorry doesn't mean that I thought the book was good. I don't think Anne had the skill that her older sister, Charlotte, did for writing about characters that made one care what happened to them. Even the eponymous character didn't engage me. I wanted her to, at least once, stand up for herself but she consistently backed down. In one of the most horrible scenes she prevented a cruel boy from torturing a little bird by killing the bird herself. Surely there was some other way to resolve this problem. I could tell almost from the minute the young curate, Edward Weston, was introduced that Agnes would fall in love with him and, somehow, they would marry. Even when both Grey and Weston each leave the place where they met and Agnes was not able to learn where he had gone I knew that somehow they would reconnect. If that's a spoiler I apologize but, as I said, it seemed pretty obvious from the outset.Not my favourite classic by any stretch of the imagination. Give me George Eliot or Elizabeth Gaskell any day.
  • Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
    4/5
    The least-studied Bronte throws her experiences as a governess into the ring and the result is a scathing tale of the upper classes and how they treat their middle class servants.The heroine Agnes Grey is a virtuous clergyman's daughter who, when her family finds themselves struggling, offers up her services as a governess. Her experiences are terrible: The children are unruly and unwilling to submit to authority, and the parents expect the kids to be tamed without discipline or harsh words. Agnes soon finds that governesses have an awkward place in their charges' families. They are treated like servants, yet expected to hold themselves in a manner better than such. Servants, in fact, seem to hold a resentment for a governess's place in their master's home. The governess then lives a lonely life, without confidantes, far from home. They are supposed to have no feelings, and to think only of their charges. When Agnes suffers a loss, her mistress is sulky that Agnes should take a short leave. She is ordered about with no concern of her own health or welfare, stuffed into uncomfortable carriage seats and forced to endure walks in uncomfortable weather and often finds herself sick.Agnes survives it all due to her sense of moral duty, which oftentimes borders on pride. She is afraid to admit failure to her family, who discouraged her from the work at first. Thus, she puts up with the cruelest of children in her first job as a governess, which she was woefully underprepared for. The second family she worked for was almost as bad. There, her primary charges were two young women: one a determined flirt, the other a foul-mouthed tomboy, neither of which felt obliged to be peacefully taught anything by a governess. The flirt, eldest daughter Rosalie, establishes a semblance of a friendship with Agnes, which consisted of Rosalie confiding in all the naughty things she did, and Agnes admonishing her. When Rosalie marries unhappily and is shut away in the country by her jealous husband, she calls on her old governess for conpanionship, but as usual does not listen to any of her advice. Thus, Rosalie becomes a self-sabotaging character: she is determined to always have things her way, even if her way makes things worse for her. In contrast, Agnes finds a most agreeable companion in the curate Mr. Weston. Both find comfort in religion and helping the less fortunate. Agnes falls in love almost immediately, but does not dare hope that marriage is in the cards for a woman of her class and position. As stoic and sensible as she tries to be, her mind belies an schoolgirl giddiness when she thinks of Mr. Weston. It is interesting that she and Rosalie take almost similar actions to cross his path: Rosalie wants to ensnare Mr. Weston's affections before her marriage to stroke her ego, so she visits the cottagers more in hopes to find him administering to parishoners there. Similarily, Agnes hopes to run into and hear about Mr. Weston as she visits the cottagers. The difference lies in their motives: Rosalie's intents are perverted because she disdains mens' feelings and only wants to be adored and have the satisfaction of turning down another proposal. Agnes's love is pure and based on admiration for Mr. Weston's moral character.The novel ends with happiness for those who deserve it -- very satisfactory for the reader. It is interesting to compare the novel to the "governess stories" of another Bronte, Charlotte, like "Jane Eyre" and "Villete", the latter being a closer comparison. In "Villette," Lucy Snowe is an isolated teacher who finds herself in a patronizing pseudo-friendship with one of her flirtatious and insulting charges. Like Agnes, Lucy makes a romantic connection with a likeminded sober and upstanding character. "Agnes Grey," however is a more damning account of the treatment of governesses. Few respectable jobs were open to educated women with no fortune to tempt men into marriage. Their minds and moral character set them apart, making them outsiders and resigned to a lonely life. They worked to survive, not to hope for any wordly pleasure, for the only pleasure that mattered was that of the family for whom they worked. The fact that Agnes can find happiness at the novel's conclusion is heartening, but it does not diminish the harsh treatment she received by her employers. I can only hope that the novel's publication made an impression on Victorian readers, and sought them to treat their governesses much more fairly.
  • Rating: 5 out of 5 stars
    5/5
    I really loved this book. I think Anne among the Bronte sisters is too underrated. Okay, her book is not groundbreaking as Wuthering Heights or Jane Eyre, but it's still a good book, sweet and nice, and that leaves you with a good feeling in your heart. So, for me, it's five stars.
  • Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
    4/5
    A very simple and heart- warming story based on the author's own experience as a governess. Anne Bronte does very well to engage the reader into a personal account of Agnes and the two positions she held to assist her own family's income. The challenges she faces dealing with over-indulged and disrespectful children would make any woman grateful that there are more choices for employment in the modern world. I adore the Bronte sisters and enjoyed this quick read.
  • Rating: 3 out of 5 stars
    3/5
    Agnes Grey by Anne Bronte; (2 1/2*)A clergyman's family falls into difficult financial times and one of the daughters must go into service as a governess. How many times and how many ways have we read this one? To give Bronte her due, she was young at the time she wrote this and she did have some experience of that which she wrote. I have to admit part of the reason I read this is that I was quite curious as to how this sister held up against her sisters and the outcome was 'rather poorly'. But then who can stand up against Jane Eyre or Wuthering Heights? I found Agnes Grey rather predictable and somewhat of a snooze. Anne Bronte does bring some nice bits of writing to the table throughout her novel but I doubt I would have completed the read had it not been that I was taking part in a tutored & group read. I did love the very last part of the novel so the author did score some marks.
  • Rating: 3 out of 5 stars
    3/5
    A largely biographical novel, telling the trials and tribulations of a daughter of a clergyman who resorts to being a governess in order to reduce her burden on the family finances. Unfortunately, Agnes is allowed too little authority over her spoilt charges and has too little experience, character and authority in herself to be able to exert what little authority she does have over the brats. And they are uniformly brats who are neglected and over indulged by their parents. It is also a cycle that is difficult to break, with Rosalie Murray looking set to treat her child in the same manner as she was, thus perpetuating the cycle of bad behaviour. Agnes herself is not someone I'd want to spend a great deal of time with. Too innocent to know much of the ways of the world, she is entirely out of her depth for most of the novel. She is also too insipid to do much about it. She always takes the back seat and does little to develop her own character. I accept she's in a difficult situation, the governess sitting uncomfortably between the servants and the family, being a part of neither circle. It leads to a isolating position, despite Agnes' claim (about which she then does nothing) that she is the equal of the ladies and their friends that she has been employed to educate. The other topic this book covers is courtship & marriage. There are two very different end results, and, one suspects, one is supposed to take the message that a good marriage is deserved by the more godly (preachy and pious) person. I, however, take from it that I'm amazed any marriage was ever good, in that they seem to be based on a mere handful of meetings and those barely seem to scratch the surface of the kind of exploratory conversations you'd have on a modern date. Rosalie discovers her husband is not at all what she imagined he would be, and has no skills to manage him. I occasionally complain my husband is not at all romantic, but I did know that before I married him. Not the longest book, and not a difficult read. But it has that 19th century preaching tone about it - you're supposed to take a lesson from it. And so it's unlikely to be one I'll come back to.
  • Rating: 3 out of 5 stars
    3/5
    When the Grey family begins to have financial problems, Agnes, a sheltered minister's daughter, begins life as a governess. She is shocked and appalled by how she is treated and what miracles she is expected to achieve. This book is a social commentary on the treatment of governesses and unruly children. It also touches on the charms of marrying for love instead of money. It was a quick read, but rather unexceptional.
  • Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
    4/5
    Many similarities to her sister Charlotte's Villette, though not so powerful. Agnes is more reliable a narrator -- occasionally coy, but transparently so -- though somehow (or perhaps 'therefore') I didn't find her quite as engaging. She's steadfast and determined, but mostly in a very quiet manner, so without the Villette-style revelations that "Oh by the way, I lied about X" there's little real spark. But she is likeable and admirable, and the story a sweet one of what makes a good education and a happy marriage.
  • Rating: 1 out of 5 stars
    1/5
    Agnes is an idiot. And I only made it through about 60% of this very boring book.
  • Rating: 3 out of 5 stars
    3/5
    1001 list book #158.Sweet, short, sappy, romantic, yet somehow satisfying. This would actually be a great read for middle/high schoolers--especially for those kids who are young but read at an advanced level. The 18th century language is not simple to read (not hard either, just different), social history is important, and this book is clean and gentle.Read on Serial Reader.
  • Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
    4/5
    Based upon her own experiences as a governess to two wealthy families, Anne Bronte's "Agnes Grey" is an interesting look at a world with very big class divides. I enjoyed the book, which was a super quick read, but found it's greatest interest lay not in its literary strength, but on the true life experiences it drew upon.Agnes, the daughter of a clergyman, becomes a governess to help with her family's financial troubles. She attends to two different families during her career -- one with a set of spoiled, troublesome tots and another with older, carefree teens who care little for learning, instead yearning for more frivolous activities. Agnes attempts through patience, kindness and gentle instruction to make a different in the lives of these folks with little success.The book does come across as moralizing and preachy sometimes-- more so than Anne's second (and vastly superior book) "The Tenant of Wildfell Hall," which also has a similar sensibility. However, I found there was also a sweetness to it that kept the narrator from crossing the line into annoying-ville. Overall, I found it a decent summer read, but not quite up to par with her other book, or the more well-known books of her sisters.
  • Rating: 5 out of 5 stars
    5/5
    I am a big fan of the Brontes. While Charlotte's Jane Eyre and Emily's Wuthering Heights are deservedly all time classics, Anne's two novels are less well known and comparatively neglected; and Agnes Grey is probably less known than Anne's other novel The Tenant of Wildfell Hall. Agnes Grey is comparatively short and is a semi-autobiographical novel where Anne recounts the eponymous young lady's experiences as a governess to the children of wealthy families. When her father's business ventures fall apart after the sinking of a ship of his merchant business partner, young Agnes goes to work as a governess to earn the family some money, despite discouragement from her family. Her experiences are actually quite hilarious, dealing with spoiled and delinquent children and their oblivious parents who refuse to see any wrong in their offspring, particularly in the case of the Bloomfields. Later she looks after the older daughters of the Murrays, who are also a trial, being self-centred and needy, but with whom she is able eventually to establish a modus vivendi. She also falls in love with a vicar in the Murrays' local village, Mr Weston. This is a lovely and very satisfying novel, in some ways ahead of its time in dealing with "feral" children, as is Wildfell Hall in dealing with domestic abuse. A great read.
  • Rating: 3 out of 5 stars
    3/5
    Agnes wants to prove herself and help her family by working as a governess. Her family try to dissuade her, thinking she is too young and not competent. Her first job is to teach two little uncooperative imps from the nether regions. The parents don't allow her to discipline the two, yet criticize her for not being able to control them. The only way she can get the little boy to pay attention to his lesson is to back him into a corner and not let him go until she gets a response. Meanwhile, he incites the little sister to throw Agnes' work bag in the fire, or toss her letters out the window. When the governess goes to rescue her possessions, the boy escapes his lessons after all. These are the first in a series of horrid children we meet in the novel. Agnes never loses her patience and feels quiet consistency and kindness will eventually win over her charges. Poor Anne was obviously writing from experience. I got a little irritated with the novel's heroine at times. She's a little too much of a victim, and constantly emphasizing the contrast between her employers' lack of character and her own moral superiority. Worthwhile reading.
  • Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
    4/5
    Although I didn't think this book was as good as Anne Bronte's other novel, The Tenant of Wildfell Hall, and it didn't have the feel of a must-read classic like Jane Eyre or Wuthering Heights, there was still a lot to like about Agnes Grey.The plot is simple, plain and linear. It's the story of a young woman in 19th century England who goes out to work as a governess when her family fall on hard times. Unfortunately Tom, Mary Ann and Fanny Bloomfield are three of the most badly-behaved children imaginable. When her short, unhappy time with the Bloomfields comes to an end, Agnes finds another situation with two older pupils, Rosalie and Matilda Murray. This second position is not much better than the first - the Murray girls are selfish and thoughtless and the only thing that makes Agnes's life bearable is her friendship with Mr Weston, the village curate.Agnes Grey has an autobiographical feel because Anne Bronte herself had worked as a governess and was able to draw on her own personal experiences to show how servants were often treated with cruelty and contempt by their employers. I could sympathise with Agnes as I would soon have lost my patience with the spoilt Bloomfield children and the self-centred, inconsiderate Murrays. I also thought it was unfair that the parents expected Agnes to control their children without actually giving her any real authority over them. It was such a difficult position to be in. However, I found it slightly disappointing that Agnes seemed prepared to just accept things the way they were and not do anything to change the situation. The book was more about tolerance and perseverance than about taking action to try to make things better.Another of the book's themes is the importance of morality, virtuousness and goodness, qualities in which the Bloomfield and Murray families seem to be sadly lacking, leading Agnes to feel isolated and miserable. However, I think many readers will find Agnes too self-righteous and superior, so if you prefer your heroines to be flawed and imperfect this probably isn't the book for you! Reading about the day to day life of a governess is not particularly exciting or dramatic, but I still found the book enjoyable and interesting - and at under 200 pages a very quick read compared to many of the other Bronte books.
  • Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
    4/5
    Anne Bronte's writings bring like in the 1800s to life on the page. Her short descriptive chapters set a fast pace to her vivid writing. This is a small treasure of a novel with semi-biographical experiences is often ignored alongside her sisters more famous novels, Jane Eyre and Wuthering Heights but it is not forgotten.
  • Rating: 3 out of 5 stars
    3/5
    I read this while treking around the UK. It was entertaining, though lacked a certain quality with which Anne's sisters somehow infused their books. Definitely worth reading.
  • Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
    4/5
    As a novel that follows the plight of a young woman forced into the position of a governess to make ends meet, Anne Bronte's Agnes Grey has of course often been compared with her sister's more famous novel Jane Eyre. And as a love story, it has also been compared with the novels of Jane Austen. It even reminded me a little of the cautionary morality tales that had been popular up to that time, such as Defoe's Moll Flanders.Personally, I enjoyed it more than Pride and Prejudice, but not as much as Jane Eyre. It just doesn't have the same scope and depth. That said, it is a nice little novel, and interesting, and sometimes very funny. Well worth reading.
  • Rating: 5 out of 5 stars
    5/5
    Okay, don't throw things at me... Anne is my favorite Bronte. There is something more human about her compared to the the masochistic Charlotte and the transcendent Emily. I loved this book, but it has been awhile since I read it.
  • Rating: 2 out of 5 stars
    2/5
    Somewhere in the middle of Jane Eyre and Wuthering Heights. Agnes Grey lacks character development and plot.
  • Rating: 3 out of 5 stars
    3/5
    Fodder for all romance novelists who followed the Brontes, how many ways can you tell the story of a mousy, governess beset on all sides by poverty, the winds of fate and wicked souls who try, if not her virtue, at least her patience? Yet she victoriously outlasts them all through her basic goodness to win the heart and hand of the right man in the end. Anne Bronte's heroine may be a bit boring, but her wonderfully descriptive passages lift Agnes Grey above the ordinary. Her intense attention to detail and personality are extremely well done, particularly regarding some of the nasty little psychopathic charges Miss Grey had to take in hand and their equally repulsive parents.
  • Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
    4/5
    Not as good as "The Tenant of Wildfell Hall", but still worth reading.A classic Cinderella's, the gentle and patient governess turned into the princess by the love of a Parson.
  • Rating: 3 out of 5 stars
    3/5
    The Nanny Diaries of the 19th Century.
  • Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
    4/5
    Like her sisters, Anne Bronte is a truly talented writer. While one sister leans more toward romanticism, the other toward morbidity, Anne is in the middle with realism. Her characters portray the nature of humanity in all their flaws and strengths.A heart-warming tale of Agnes who, wanting to help her family's financial situation, becomes a governess. The first family is a nightmare, children are ill-mannered and the parents put all the blame on her for their lack of discipline.Luckily, her second situation was easier, though far from perfect. Through it all she manages to make it through, despite making no head way in morality with her pupils, and even finds Mr. Weston, the man who captures her heart.
  • Rating: 5 out of 5 stars
    5/5
    I am resolved to work my way through all the novels by the Brontë sisters – Ann, Emily, and Charlotte. Agnes Grey is Anne’s first of her two novels. Anne was born January 17, 1820. She was a novelist and a poet. She spent most of her life with her family at the parish church of Haworth on the Yorkshire moors. She was a governess from 1839 to 1845. Agnes Grey was published in 1847. Anne died May 28, 1849.She drew on her experiences at Haworth and as a governess in writing the novel. The first paragraph sets forth her ideas on writing a novel. She wrote, “All true histories contain instruction; though, in some, the treasure may be hard to find, and when found, so trivial in quantity that the dry shriveled kernel scarcely compensates for the trouble of cracking the nut. Whether this be the case with my history or not, I am hardly competent to judge; I sometimes think it might prove useful to some, and entertaining to others, but the world my judge for itself: shielded by my own obscurity, and by the lapse of years, and a few fictitious names, I do not fear to venture, and will candidly lay before the public what I would not disclose to the most intimate friend” (1). Every time I delve into one of the Brontës, I can not help to hear their voices—soft, gentle, erudite—as I imagine them to be.As was frequently the case in those days, a writer was at the mercy of the typesetters. In a letter to her publisher, she wrote, “There are numerous literal errors, and the text of Agnes Grey is marred by various peculiarities of punctuation, especially in the use of commas (some of these, however, may be authorial)” (xi). She began revising the text, and a copy of the third volume has “some 121 revisions made in pencil in her hand, many of them involving quite significant substantive alterations” (xi). James Joyce faced the same problem with Ulysses with typesetters who could not read English. I corrected the text for many years—nearly up to his death.Anne’s novel is considered quite an achievement. As the novel proceeds, she becomes more confident. Here is a conversation between Anne and Rosalie: “‘If you mean Mr. Weston to be one of your victims,’ said I, with affected indifference, ‘you will have to make such overtures yourself, that you will find it difficult to draw back when he asks you to fulfil the expectations you have raised’ // [Anne’s reply] ‘I don’t suppose he will ask me to marry him—nor should I desire it … that would be rather too much presumption! But I intend him to feel my power—he has felt it already, indeed—but he shall acknowledge it too; and what visionary hopes he may have, he must keep to himself, and only amuse me with the result of them—for a time’” (xii).As the Introduction to my paperback copy points out, “Agnes Grey is undoubtedly in many ways a deeply personal novel’ (xii). “Charlotte Brontë described the work as ‘the mirror of the mind of the writer” (xii-xiii). One of the things that Anne emphasized in her novels, comes right out of her experiences as a governess. The treatment of these young women was nothing less than atrocious. Agnes Grey speaks with the authority of experience. In addition, her moral and religious sensibilities are evident throughout the novel.I hope this taste of a fantastically talented young writer will inspire you to snuggle up with Anne Brontë and delve into Agnes Grey. All you need is a cup of tea, some patience, and the reward is a thoroughly satisfying picture of young women in England of the 1840s. 5 stars!--Jim, 12/6/17
  • Rating: 3 out of 5 stars
    3/5
    The story of Agnes Grey is essentially thinly veiled autobiography which parallels key elements of Anne Bronte’s own life. Related in the first person, it is the story of a clergyman’s daughter in the north of England who seeks financial independence in light of the family’s straightened circumstances and eventually chooses, much to the astonishment of her parents and sisters, to become a governess. The ensuing narrative provides ample opportunity to present some powerful depictions of over indulgent and thoughtless parents, their obstreperous and selfish children as well as the vacuity of the schoolroom. We see two families, the Bloomfields and the Murrays, each of which proves unkind, unfeeling and insensitive after their own fashion. We also see the attendant village societies with their divisions, jealousies and aspirations – although the overall presentation of these is more akin to Jane Austen’s two inches of ivory rather than to Dickens’ or Eliot’s wider panorama of the social order.This novel fits the pattern of so many great classic realist works of the Victorian era from Dickens to Hardy, which explore the principle division of matter and spirit. The material conditions of nineteenth century society are always kept in mind; we are given details of the wealth and earnings of Agnes, her economic strains and anxieties; and we are shown how they contrast with the ease and comfort of her employers as well as the pecuniary motivations for the marriages they arrange. But, while worldly enough to incorporate such gross matters, the moral and spiritual dimension of the characters is always the principle focus of interest. For Agnes, the most important concern is to maintain integrity in the face of experience; to focus on the simple and honest virtues of love rather than social probity or advancement. Agnes’ mother sums this up most clearly towards the end when she affirms the choice she made to marry for love rather than money many years earlier by turning down her own father’s offer to restore her place in his will if she will renounce her marriage. She stoutly asserts that “he is mistaken in supposing that I can regret the birth of my daughters...; had our misfortunes been three times as great as they were ... I should still the more rejoice to have shared them with your father...” (p.124). What keeps Agnes going in the dark times as she feels increasingly alienated from the world and its values, is this family feeling and the thought of doing her best for them. When the admirable curate Mr Weston asks her what her favourite flowers are, she replies with “primroses, blue-bells and heath-blossoms” because they remind her of home; and here she pledges herself to Victorian hearth and home: “It is so much that I think I could not live without it” she says (p.84).The great temptation for the characters of the novel is the pride that comes from their wealth and the ability it gives them to exploit others. On one side are the wealthy who have generally succumbed to this egotism. Rosalie Murray, one of Agnes’s charges, fits this mould. Agnes admits to caring for her and seeing her virtues of vivacity and charm; but her indulgent parents and their philistine world view have allowed Rosalie’s weaknesses to outgrow her strengths. As Agnes notes “Her temper being naturally good, she was never violent or morose, but from constant indulgence and habitual scorn of reason, she was often testy and capricious; her mind had never been cultivated; her intellect at best was somewhat shallow; she possessed considerable vivacity, some quickness of perception, and some talent for music and the acquisition of languages, but till fifteen she had troubled herself to acquire nothing; - then the love of display had roused her faculties, and induced her to apply herself, but only to the more showy accomplishments” (51). Even worse are the cruelties of Tom Bloomfield, the eldest child of Agnes’ first placement. He is constantly defiant to Agnes and vicious to animals (he is the boy Lear refers to who kills things for his sport). This culture culminates in mercenary attitudes to love and marriage as seen in Rosalie’s poor choice of a husband, something connived in by her parents. All this is counterpointed with Agnes’s steadfast and level headed moral judgement. Her connections reflect this same modest and simple attitude: her constant and loyal family, Nancy Brown (a local cottage dweller looked down on by the well-to-do because of her meagre living) and the curate Mr Weston. Modesty, endurance and a clear sighted simple honesty and faith are the touchstone virtues here. And, as we would expect they are rewarded in their way.The drama played out between these sets of characters is to a great degree predictable but the resolution is skilfully held back until extremely late in the story; the heart of the novel is Agnes herself, her modesty and moral integrity. She can judge harshly: Tom Bloomfield and the uncle who incites him to outrageous acts of so-called “manly” torture are clearly taken to task in the narrative. But she can also forgive Rosalie for her thoughtless marriage when she sees its sorrowful consequences in a poignant scene. So, along with a moral toughness there is a capacity for flexibility and kindness.Agnes can seem a little pious at times to modern taste but the voracious, vindictive and spiritually vapid world of her antagonists serves to provide a counterweight to this. There is no shortage of cruelty and heartlessness to be seen in this novel, but these lack the energetic vigour with which Emily presents such emotions in "Wuthering Heights". But, the purpose of this book is to embody the values of Christian virtue not to extol or explore the passions of pantheistic or pagan character as her sister does. Whereas Emily’s novel leads us to the shimmering energies of “unquiet slumbers for the sleepers in that quiet earth”, Anne affirms a more conventional Victorian pietism by concluding that “we endeavour to live to the glory of Him who has scattered so many blessings in our path”. Unquiet slumbers? Quiet glory has its value, too.

Book preview

Agnes Grey - Anne Brontë

978-963-525-931-1

Chapitre 1

Le presbytère.

Toutes les histoires vraies portent avec elles une instruction, bien que dans quelques-unes le trésor soit difficile à trouver, et si mince en quantité, que le noyau sec et ridé ne vaut souvent pas la peine que l’on a eue de casser la noix. Qu’il en soit ainsi ou non de mon histoire, c’est ce dont je ne puis juger avec compétence. Je pense pourtant qu’elle peut être utile à quelques-uns, et intéressante pour d’autres ; mais le public jugera par lui-même. Protégée par ma propre obscurité, par le laps des ans et par des noms supposés, je ne crains point d’entreprendre ce récit, et de livrer au public ce que je ne découvrirais pas au plus intime ami.

Mon père, membre du clergé dans le nord de l’Angleterre, était justement respecté par tous ceux qui le connaissaient. Dans sa jeunesse, il vivait assez confortablement avec les revenus d’un petit bénéfice et d’une propriété à lui. Ma mère, qui l’épousa contre la volonté de ses amis, était la fille d’un squire et une femme de cœur. En vain on lui représenta que, si elle devenait la femme d’un pauvre ministre, il lui faudrait renoncer à sa voiture, à sa femme de chambre, au luxe et à l’élégance de la richesse, toutes choses qui pour elle n’étaient guère moins que les nécessités de la vie. Elle répondit qu’une voiture et une femme de chambre étaient, à la vérité, fort commodes ; mais que, grâce au ciel, elle avait des pieds pour la porter et des mains pour se servir. Une élégante maison et un spacieux domaine n’étaient point, selon elle, à mépriser ; mais elle eût mieux aimé vivre dans une chaumière avec Richard Grey, que dans un palais avec tout autre.

À bout d’arguments, le père, à la fin, dit aux amants qu’ils pouvaient se marier si tel était leur plaisir, mais que sa fille n’aurait pas la plus mince fraction de sa fortune. Il espérait ainsi refroidir leur ardeur, mais il se trompait. Mon père connaissait trop bien la valeur de ma mère pour ne pas penser qu’elle était par elle-même une précieuse fortune, et que, si elle voulait consentir à embellir son humble foyer, il serait heureux de la prendre, à quelques conditions que ce fût ; tandis que ma mère, de son côté, eût plutôt labouré la terre de ses propres mains que d’être séparée de l’homme qu’elle aimait, dont toute sa joie serait de faire le bonheur, et qui de cœur et d’âme ne faisait déjà qu’un avec elle. Ainsi, sa fortune alla grossir la bourse d’une sœur plus sage, qui avait épousé un riche nabab ; et elle, à l’étonnement et aux regrets de tous ceux qui la connaissaient, alla s’enterrer dans le presbytère d’un pauvre village, dans les montagnes de… Et pourtant, malgré tout cela, malgré la fierté de ma mère et les bizarreries de mon père, je crois que vous n’auriez pas trouvé dans toute l’Angleterre un plus heureux couple.

De six enfants, ma sœur Mary et moi furent les seuls qui survécurent aux périls du premier âge. Étant la plus jeune de cinq ou six ans, j’étais toujours regardée comme l’enfant, et j’étais l’idole de la famille : père, mère et sœurs, tous s’accordaient pour me gâter ; non pas que leur folle indulgence me rendît méchante et ingouvernable ; mais, habituée à leurs soins incessants, je restais dépendante, incapable de me suffire, et peu propre à lutter contre les soucis et les troubles de la vie.

Mary et moi fûmes élevées dans la plus stricte retraite. Ma mère, à la fois fort instruite et aimant à s’occuper, prit sur elle tout le fardeau de notre éducation, à l’exception du latin, que mon père entreprit de nous enseigner, de sorte que nous n’allâmes jamais à l’école ; et, comme il n’y avait aucune société dans le voisinage, nos seuls rapports avec le monde se bornaient à prendre le thé avec les principaux fermiers et marchands des environs (afin que l’on ne nous accusât pas d’être trop fiers pour frayer avec nos voisins), et à faire une visite annuelle à notre grand-père paternel, chez lequel notre bonne grand’mère, une tante et deux ou trois ladies et gentlemen âgés, étaient les seules personnes que nous vissions. Quelquefois notre mère nous racontait des histoires et des anecdotes de ses jeunes années, qui, en nous amusant étonnamment, éveillaient souvent, chez moi du moins, un secret désir de voir un peu plus de monde.

Je pensais que ma mère avait dû alors être fort heureuse ; mais elle ne paraissait jamais regretter le temps passé. Mon père, cependant, dont le caractère n’était ni tranquille ni gai par nature, souvent se chagrinait mal à propos en pensant aux sacrifices que sa chère femme avait faits à cause de lui, et se troublait la tête avec toutes sortes de plans destinés à augmenter sa petite fortune pour notre mère et pour nous. En vain ma mère lui donnait l’assurance qu’elle était entièrement satisfaite et que, s’il voulait épargner un peu pour les enfants, nous aurions toujours assez, tant pour le présent que pour l’avenir. Mais l’économie n’était pas son fort. Il ne se fût pas endetté (du moins ma mère prenait bon soin qu’il ne le fît pas) ; mais pendant qu’il avait de l’argent, il le dépensait ; il aimait à voir sa maison confortable, sa femme et ses filles bien vêtues et bien servies, et, en outre, il était fort charitable et aimait à donner aux pauvres suivant ses moyens, ou plutôt, comme pensaient quelques-uns, au delà de ses moyens.

Un jour, un de ses amis lui suggéra l’idée de doubler sa fortune personnelle d’un coup. Cet ami était un marchand, un homme d’un esprit entreprenant et d’un talent incontestable, qui était quelque peu gêné dans son négoce et avait besoin d’argent. Il proposa généreusement à mon père de lui donner une belle part de ses profits, s’il voulait lui confier seulement ce qu’il pourrait économiser. Il pensait pouvoir promettre avec certitude que toute somme que mon père placerait entre ses mains lui rapporterait cent pour cent. Le petit patrimoine fut promptement vendu et le prix déposé entre les mains du marchand, qui, aussi promptement, se mit à embarquer sa cargaison et à se préparer pour son voyage.

Mon père était heureux, et nous l’étions tous, avec nos brillantes espérances. Pour le présent, il est vrai, nous nous trouvions réduits au mince revenu de la cure ; mais mon père ne croyait pas qu’il y eût nécessité de réduire scrupuleusement nos dépenses à cela, et avec un crédit ouvert chez M. Jackson, un autre chez Smith, et un troisième chez Hobson, nous vécûmes même plus confortablement qu’auparavant, quoique ma mère affirmât qu’il eût mieux valu se renfermer dans les bornes ; qu’après tout nos espérances de richesse n’étaient que précaires, et que, si mon père voulait seulement tout confier à sa direction, il ne se sentirait jamais gêné. Mais il était incorrigible.

Quels heureux moments nous avons passés, Mary et moi, quand, assises à notre travail à côté du feu, ou errant sur les montagnes couvertes de bruyères, ou nous reposant sous le saule pleureur (le seul gros arbre du jardin), nous parlions de notre bonheur futur, sans autres fondations pour notre édifice que les richesses qu’allait accumuler sur nous le succès des opérations du digne marchand ! Notre père était presque aussi fou que nous ; seulement il affectait de n’être point aussi impatient, exprimant ses espérances par des mots et des saillies qui me frappaient toujours comme étant extrêmement spirituels et plaisants. Notre mère riait avec bonheur de le voir si confiant et si heureux ; mais cependant elle craignait qu’il ne fixât trop exclusivement son cœur sur ce sujet, et une fois je l’entendis murmurer en quittant la chambre : « Dieu veuille qu’il ne soit pas désappointé ! je ne sais comment il pourrait le supporter. »

Désappointé il fut ; et amèrement encore. La nouvelle éclata sur nous comme un coup de tonnerre : le vaisseau qui contenait notre fortune avait fait naufrage ; il avait coulé bas avec toute sa cargaison, une partie de l’équipage, et l’infortuné marchand lui-même. J’en fus affligée pour lui ; je fus affligée de voir nos châteaux en Espagne renversés ; mais, avec toute l’élasticité de la jeunesse, je fus bientôt remise de ce choc.

Quoique les richesses eussent des charmes, la pauvreté n’avait point de terreurs pour une jeune fille inexpérimentée comme moi. Et même, à dire vrai, il y avait quelque chose d’excitant dans l’idée que nous étions tombés dans la détresse et réduits à nos propres ressources. J’aurais seulement désiré que mon père, ma mère et Mary, eussent eu le même esprit que moi. Alors, au lieu de nous lamenter sur les calamités passées, nous nous serions mis joyeusement à l’œuvre pour les réparer, et, plus grandes eussent été les difficultés, plus dures nos présentes privations, plus grande aurait été notre résignation à endurer les secondes, et notre vigueur à lutter contre les premières.

Mary ne se lamentait pas, mais elle pensait continuellement à notre malheur, et elle tomba dans un état d’abattement dont aucun de mes efforts ne pouvait la tirer. Je ne pouvais l’amener à regarder la chose sous le même point de vue que moi ; et j’avais si peur d’être taxée de frivolité enfantine ou d’insensibilité stupide, que je gardais soigneusement pour moi la plupart de mes brillantes idées, sachant bien qu’elles ne pouvaient être appréciées.

Ma mère ne pensait qu’à consoler mon père, à payer nos dettes et à diminuer nos dépenses par tous les moyens possibles ; mais mon père était complètement écrasé par la calamité. Santé, force, esprit, il perdit tout sous le coup, et il ne les retrouva jamais entièrement. En vain ma mère s’efforçait de le ranimer en faisant appel à sa piété, à son courage, à son affection pour elle et pour nous. Cette affection même était son plus grand tourment. C’était pour nous qu’il avait si ardemment désiré accroître sa fortune ; c’était notre intérêt qui avait donné tant de vivacité à ses espérances, et qui donnait tant d’amertume à son malheur actuel. Il se reprochait d’avoir négligé les conseils de ma mère, qui l’eussent empêché au moins de contracter des dettes. La pensée qu’il l’avait enlevée à une existence aisée et au luxe de la richesse pour les soucis et les labeurs de la pauvreté lui était amère, et il souffrait de voir cette femme autrefois si admirée, si élégante, transformée en une active femme de ménage, de la tête et des mains continuellement occupée des soins de la maison et d’économie domestique. Le contentement même avec lequel elle accomplissait ses devoirs, la gaieté avec laquelle elle supportait ses revers, sa bonté inépuisable et le soin qu’elle prenait de ne jamais lui adresser le moindre blâme, tout cela était pour cet homme ingénieux à se tourmenter une aggravation de ses souffrances. Ainsi l’âme agit sur le corps ; le système nerveux souffrit et les troubles de l’esprit s’accrurent ; sa santé fut sérieusement atteinte, et aucune de nous ne pouvait le convaincre que l’aspect de nos affaires n’était pas aussi triste, aussi désespéré que son imagination malade se le figurait.

L’utile phaéton fut vendu, ainsi que le cheval, ce vieux favori gras et bien nourri que nous avions résolu de laisser finir ses jours en paix, et qui ne devait jamais sortir de nos mains ; la petite remise et l’écurie furent louées ; le domestique et la plus coûteuse des deux servantes furent congédiés. Nos vêtements furent raccommodés et retournés jusqu’au point où allait la plus stricte décence. Notre nourriture, déjà simple, fut encore simplifiée (à l’exception des plats favoris de mon père) ; le charbon et la chandelle furent économisés ; la paire de chandeliers réduite à un seul, employé dans la plus absolue nécessité ; le charbon soigneusement arrangé dans la grille à moitié vide, surtout lorsque mon père était dehors pour le service de la paroisse, ou retenu dans son lit par la maladie. Quant aux tapis, ils furent soumis aux mêmes reprises et raccommodages que nos habits. Pour supprimer la dépense d’un jardinier, Mary et moi entreprîmes de tenir en ordre le jardin ; et tout le travail de cuisine et de ménage, qui ne pouvait être aisément fait par une seule servante, fut accompli par ma mère et ma sœur, aidées un peu par moi à l’occasion ; je dis un peu, parce que, quoique je fusse une femme à mon avis, je n’étais encore pour elles qu’une enfant. D’ailleurs ma mère, comme toutes les femmes actives et bonnes ménagères, aimait à faire par elle-même ; et, quel que fût le travail qu’elle eût à faire, elle pensait que personne n’était plus apte à le faire qu’elle. Aussi, toutes les fois que j’offrais de l’aider, je recevais cette réponse : « Non, mon amour, vous ne pouvez ; il n’y a rien ici que vous puissiez faire. Allez aider votre sœur, ou faites-lui faire une petite promenade avec vous ; dites-lui qu’elle ne doit pas rester assise si longtemps, qu’elle ne doit pas rester à la maison aussi constamment qu’elle le fait, que sa santé en souffre. »

« Mary, maman dit que je dois vous aider, ou vous faire faire une petite promenade avec moi ; que votre santé s’altérera si vous demeurez aussi longtemps sans sortir.

– M’aider, vous ne le pouvez, Agnès ; et je ne puis sortir avec vous, j’ai beaucoup trop à faire.

– En ce cas, laissez-moi vous aider.

– Vous ne pouvez vraiment, chère enfant. Allez travailler votre musique ou jouer avec le chat. »

Il y avait toujours beaucoup d’ouvrage de couture à faire ; mais on ne m’avait pas appris à couper un seul vêtement, et, à l’exception des grosses coutures et de l’ourlet, il y avait peu de chose que je pusse faire : car ma mère et ma sœur affirmaient toutes deux qu’il leur était plus facile de faire le travail elles-mêmes que de me le préparer. D’ailleurs, elles aimaient mieux me voir poursuivre mes études ou m’amuser ; il serait toujours assez tôt de me courber sur mon ouvrage, comme une grave matrone quand mon favori petit minet serait devenu un fort et gros chat. Dans de telles circonstances, quoique je ne fusse guère plus utile que le petit chat, mon désœuvrement n’était pas tout à fait sans excuse.

Au milieu de tous nos embarras, je n’entendis qu’une seule fois ma mère se plaindre du manque d’argent. Comme l’été approchait, elle nous dit à Mary et à moi : « Combien il serait à désirer que votre papa pût passer quelques semaines aux bains de mer ! Je suis convaincue que l’air de la mer et le changement de scène lui feraient beaucoup de bien. Mais vous savez que nous n’avons pas d’argent, » ajouta-t-elle avec un soupir. Nous eussions fort désiré toutes deux que la chose pût se faire, et nous nous lamentions grandement qu’elle fût impossible. « Les plaintes ne sont bonnes à rien, nous dit ma mère ; peut-être, après tout, ce projet peut-il être exécuté. Mary, vous dessinez fort bien ; pourquoi ne feriez-vous pas quelques nouveaux dessins qui, encadrés avec les aquarelles que vous avez déjà, pourraient être vendus à quelque libéral marchand de tableaux qui saurait discerner leur mérite ?

– Maman, je serais fort heureuse de penser qu’ils puissent être vendus n’importe à quel prix.

– Cela vaut la peine d’essayer, au moins. Fournissez les dessins, et j’essayerai de trouver l’acheteur.

– Je voudrais bien pouvoir aussi faire quelque chose, dis-je.

– Vous, Agnès ! Eh bien, vous dessinez assez bien aussi. En choisissant un sujet simple, j’ose dire que vous êtes capable de produire une œuvre que nous serions tous fiers de montrer.

– Mais j’ai un autre projet dans la tête, maman, et je l’ai depuis longtemps ; seulement, je n’ai jamais osé vous en parler.

– Vraiment ! dites-nous ce que c’est.

– J’aimerais à être gouvernante. »

Ma mère poussa une exclamation de surprise et se mit à rire. Ma sœur laissa tomber son ouvrage dans son étonnement, et s’écria :

« Vous une gouvernante, Agnès ! Pouvez-vous bien rêver à cela ?

– Eh bien, je ne vois là rien de si extraordinaire. Je ne prétends pas être capable de donner de l’instruction à de grandes filles ; mais assurément je peux en instruire de petites. J’aimerais tant cela ! J’aime tant les enfants ! Maman, laissez-moi être gouvernante.

– Mais, mon amour, vous n’avez pas encore appris à avoir soin de vous-même ; et il faut plus de jugement et d’expérience pour gouverner de jeunes enfants que pour en gouverner de grands.

– Pourtant, maman, j’ai dix-huit ans passés, et je suis parfaitement capable de prendre soin de moi et des autres aussi. Vous ne connaissez pas la moitié de la sagesse et de la prudence que j’ai, car je n’ai jamais été mise à l’épreuve.

– Mais pensez donc, dit Mary, à ce que vous feriez dans une maison pleine d’étrangers, sans moi ou maman pour parler ou agir pour vous, ayant à prendre soin de plusieurs enfants et de vous-même, et n’ayant personne à qui demander conseil ! Vous ne sauriez pas seulement quels vêtements mettre.

– Vous pensez, parce que je ne fais que ce que vous me commandez, que je n’ai pas un jugement à moi ? mais mettez-moi à l’épreuve, et vous verrez ce que je peux faire. »

En ce moment mon père entra, et on lui expliqua le sujet de la discussion.

« Vous gouvernante, ma petite Agnès ! s’écria-t-il ; et, en dépit de son mal, cette idée le fit rire.

– Oui, papa ; ne dites rien contre cet état ; je l’aimerais tant, et je crois que je pourrais l’exercer admirablement.

– Mais, ma chérie, nous ne pouvons nous passer de vous. » Et une larme brilla dans ses yeux quand il ajouta : « Non, non, quelque malheureux que nous soyons, nous n’en sommes sûrement pas encore réduits là.

– Oh ! non, dit ma mère. Il n’y a aucune nécessité de prendre un tel parti ; c’est purement un caprice à elle. Ainsi, retenez votre langue, méchante enfant : car, si vous êtes si disposée à nous quitter, vous savez bien que nous ne le sommes pas à nous séparer de vous. »

Je fus réduite au silence pour ce jour-là et pour plusieurs autres ; mais je ne renonçai pas à mon projet favori. Mary prit ses instruments de peinture et se mit ardemment à l’œuvre. Je pris les miens aussi ; mais, pendant que je dessinais, je pensais à autre chose. Quel délicieux état que celui de gouvernante ! Entrer dans le monde ; commencer une nouvelle vie ; agir pour moi-même ; exercer mes facultés jusque-là sans emploi ; essayer mes forces inconnues ; gagner ma vie, et même quelque chose de plus pour aider mon père, ma mère et ma sœur, en les exonérant de ma nourriture et de mon entretien ; montrer à papa ce que sa petite Agnès pouvait faire ; convaincre maman et Mary que je n’étais pas tout à fait l’être impuissant et insouciant qu’elles croyaient. En outre, quel charme de se voir chargée du soin et de l’éducation de jeunes enfants ! Quoi qu’en pussent dire les autres, je me sentais pleinement à la hauteur de la tâche. Les souvenirs de mes propres pensées pendant ma première enfance seraient un guide plus sûr que les instructions du plus mûr conseiller. Je n’aurais qu’à me remémorer ce que j’étais moi-même à l’âge de mes jeunes élèves, pour savoir aussitôt comment gagner leur confiance et leur affection ; comment faire naître chez eux le regret d’avoir mal fait ; comment encourager les timides, consoler les affligés ; comment leur rendre la Vertu praticable, l’Instruction désirable, la Religion aimable et intelligible. Quelle délicieuse tâche que d’aider les jeunes idées à éclore, de soigner ces tendres plantes et de voir leurs boutons éclore jour par jour !

Je persévérais donc dans mon projet, quoique la crainte de déplaire à ma mère et de tourmenter mon père m’empêchât de revenir sur ce sujet pendant plusieurs jours. Enfin, j’en parlai de nouveau à ma mère en particulier, et avec quelque difficulté j’obtins la promesse qu’elle m’aiderait de tout son pouvoir. Le consentement de mon père fut ensuite obtenu, et, quoique ma sœur Mary n’eût pas encore donné son approbation, ma bonne mère commença à s’occuper de me trouver une place. Elle écrivit à la famille de mon père, et consulta les annonces des journaux ; elle avait depuis longtemps cessé toute relation avec sa propre famille, et n’eût pas voulu avoir recours à elle dans un cas de cette nature. Mais ses parents avaient vécu depuis

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