Everand Logo

Welcome to Everand!

  • Discover millions of ebooks, audiobooks, and so much more with a free trial

    Only $11.99/month after trial. Cancel anytime.

    Chemistry Essentials
    Chemistry Essentials
    Chemistry Essentials
    Ebook162 pages1 hour

    Chemistry Essentials

    By Editors of REA and Adrian Dingle

    4/5

    ()

    Read preview

    About this ebook

    REA’s Essentials provide quick and easy access to critical information in a variety of different fields, ranging from the most basic to the most advanced. As its name implies, these concise, comprehensive study guides summarize the essentials of the field covered. Essentials are helpful when preparing for exams, doing homework and will remain a lasting reference source for students, teachers, and professionals. Chemistry includes stoichiometry, atomic structure and the periodic table, bonding, chemical formulas, chemical reactions, gases, liquids, solids, phase changes, solutions, acids and bases, chemical equilibrium, acid-base equilibrium in aqueous solutions, chemical thermodynamics, and oxidation and reduction.
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherResearch & Education Association
    Release dateJan 1, 2013
    ISBN9780738670232
    Chemistry Essentials

    Read more from Editors Of Rea

    Related to Chemistry Essentials

    Related ebooks

    Chemistry For You

    View More
    View More

    Related podcast episodes

    Related articles

    • Article

      The Miracle Of Metabolism

      Jan 1, 2022

      The Miracle Of Metabolism
      4 min read

    • Article

      The Physicist’s New Book of Life

      Oct 21, 2020

      Who is Jeremy England? There are many answers to that question. He is a biochemistry graduate who became an MIT assistant professor in physics when he was 29 years old. He is an ordained rabbi. He is the grandson of Holocaust survivors. He is a desce

      11 min read

    • Article

      Is The Law Of Conservation Of Energy Cancelled?

      Dec 12, 2019

      Physics is often baffling, but one principle seems rock-solid: the law of conservation of energy. The world contains this thing called “energy” whose amount never changes. It can change its form or go from one body to another, but its total amount re

      6 min read

    • Article

      Soap May Hold The Secret To Longer-lasting Batteries

      Nov 8, 2023

      The key to making batteries last longer may be found in how soap works, new research shows. Take handwashing, for instance. When someone washes their hands with soap, the soap forms structures called micelles that trap and remove grease, dirt, and ge

      3 min read

    • Article

      An Eternal Delight

      Apr 19, 2021

      An Eternal Delight
      10 min read

    • Article

      Level 1

      Oct 13, 2019

      We are facing a climate crisis of epic proportion—one that threatens life on Earth as we know it. For people and birds to have any chance of adapting, the response needs to be no less massive. But that doesn’t mean you can’t start at home. Personal a

      6 min read

    • Article

      For Global Climate Success, New England Must Seize Climate and Clean Energy Opportunities

      Nov 21, 2022

      As I write this the world has wrapped up international climate talks in Egypt. The United States brought to COP27 in Egypt the historic Inflation Reduction Act, which Congress passed this summer, as evidence of our renewed participation with the rest

      3 min read

    • Article

      Fit From First Principles

      Jul 13, 2022

      Many months ago, in my first column, I recycled the words of physicist Richard Feynman to underpin my intentions around this entire series: ‘To understand, don’t memorise. Learn principles, not formulas.’ And while I have attempted to convey every su

      3 min read

    • Article

      How Potent Is Methane?

      Sep 24, 2018

      How Potent Is Methane?
      8 min read

    • Article

      Fit From First Principles

      Aug 1, 2023

      The words of physicist Richard Feynman come to mind when looking for a quote that underpins my intentions around this entire series: ‘To understand, don’t memorise. Learn principles, not formulas.’ And while I have attempted to convey every subject c

      3 min read

    • Article

      From Peak CO2 To Record-low Sea Ice: Making Sense Of Climate News

      May 25, 2018

      In recent weeks, the Earth has passed a series of “critical” climate milestones. How do readers know which headlines to pay attention to?

      4 min read

    • Article

      Elizabeth Sawin Multisolver

      Mar 24, 2022

      Elizabeth Sawin Multisolver
      21 min read

    • Article

      Upping The Ante

      Sep 7, 2022

      Upping The Ante
      3 min read

    • Article

      Q&A

      Mar 16, 2022

      Q&A
      9 min read

    • Article

      E=mc2 Einstein’s Equation Explained

      Oct 7, 2021

      Einstein’s investigation of the way that mass increases as an object attempts to accelerate near the speed of light revealed this simple but elegant equation that lies at the heart of all modern physics. Here, E is a body’s energy content, m its mass

      1 min read

    • Article

      From Research to Action: The Growing Impact of Attribution Science

      Mar 7, 2023

      Attribution science can help governments develop policies to address climate change at its source.

      3 min read

    • Article

      We Reviewed More Than 150 Papers on Water Management. Here’s What We Learned.

      Aug 23, 2023

      A new study synthesizes learnings, findings, and policy recommendations from numerous scientific papers that applied hydroeconomic modeling.

      2 min read

    Related categories

    Reviews for Chemistry Essentials

    4/5

    3 ratings0 reviews

    What did you think?

    Tap to rate

    Review must be at least 10 words

      Book preview

      Chemistry Essentials - Editors of REA

      Reduction

      CHAPTER 1

      Introduction

      1.1 Matter and Its Properties

      1.1.1 Definition of Matter

      Matter occupies space and possesses mass. Mass is an intrinsic property of matter.

      Weight is the force, due to gravity, with which an object is attracted to the earth.

      Force and mass are related to each other by Newton’s equation (Newton’s law), F = ma, where F = force, m = mass, and a = acceleration. Weight and mass are related by the equation w = mg, where w = weight, m = mass, and g = acceleration due to gravity.

      Note that the terms mass and weight are often (incorrectly) used interchangeably through most literature.

      1.1.2 States of Matter

      Matter occurs in three states or phases: solid, liquid, and gas. A solid has both a definite size and shape. A liquid has a definite volume but takes the shape of the container, and a gas has neither definite shape nor definite volume.

      1.1.3 Composition of Matter

      Matter is divided into two categories: distinct substances and mixtures. Distinct substances are either elements or compounds. An element is made up of only one kind of atom. A compound is composed of two or more kinds of atoms joined together in a definite composition.

      Mixtures contain two or more distinct substances more or less intimately jumbled together. A mixture has no unique set of properties: it possesses the properties of the substances of which it is composed.

      In a homogeneous mixture, the composition and physical properties are uniform throughout. Only a single phase is present. A homogeneous mixture can be gaseous, liquid, or solid. A heterogeneous mixture, such as oil and water, is not uniform and consists of two or more phases.

      1.1.4 Properties of Matter

      Extensive properties, such as mass and volume, depend on the size of the sample. Intensive properties, such as melting point, boiling point, and density, are independent of sample size.

      Physical properties of matter are those properties that can be observed, usually with our senses. Examples of physical properties are physical state, color, and melting point.

      Chemical properties of a substance are observed only in chemical reactions involving that substance.

      Reactivity is a chemical property that refers to the tendency of a substance to undergo a particular chemical reaction.

      Chemical changes are those that involve the breaking and/or forming of chemical bonds, as in a chemical reaction.

      Physical changes do not result in the formation of new substances. Changes in state are physical changes.

      1.2 Conservation of Matter

      1.2.1 Law of Conservation of Matter

      In a chemical change, matter is neither created nor destroyed, but only changed from one form to another. This law requires that material balance be maintained in chemical equations.

      1.3 Laws of Definite and Multiple Proportions

      1.3.1 Law of Definite Proportions

      A pure compound is always composed of the same elements combined in a definite proportion by mass.

      1.3.2 Law of Multiple Proportions

      When two elements combine to form more than one compound, different masses of one element combine with a fixed mass of the other element such that those different masses of the first element are in small whole number ratios to each other.

      1.4 Energy and Conservation of Energy

      1.4.1 Definition of Energy

      Energy is usually defined as the ability to do work or transfer heat.

      1.4.2 Forms of Energy

      Energy appears in a variety of forms, such as light, sound, heat, mechanical energy, electrical energy, and chemical energy. Energy can be converted from one form to another.

      1.4.3 Law of Conservation of Energy

      Energy can be neither created nor destroyed, but only changed from one form to another.

      1.5 Measurement

      Numbers that arise as the result of measurement may contain zero or more significant figures (significant digits). The general rule for multiplication or division is

      Enjoying the preview?
      Page 1 of 1