Oracle GoldenGate 12c Implementer's Guide

Table of Contents

Oracle GoldenGate 12c Implementer's Guide

Credits

About the Author

About the Reviewers

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Free access for Packt account holders

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Preface

What this book covers

What you need for this book

Who this book is for

Conventions

Reader feedback

Customer support

Downloading the example code

Errata

Piracy

Questions

1. Getting Started

What is GoldenGate?

Oracle GoldenGate evolution

Oracle GoldenGate solutions

Oracle GoldenGate technology overview

Extract – the capture process

Trail files

Data pump

Server collector

Replicat – the apply process

The Manager process

GGSCI

Process data flow

Oracle GoldenGate architecture

Classic configurations

One-to-one architecture

One-to-many architecture

Many-to-one architecture

Cascading

Bidirectional – active-active

Bidirectional – active-passive

New configurations

Oracle Data Integrator

Oracle Big Data

12c new features

Integrated capture

Integrated Replicat

Downstream capture

Installation

Upgrading to 12c

Multitenant database replication

Coordinated Delivery

Enhanced event-based processing

Enhanced security

Conflict Detection and Resolution

Dynamic Rollback

Streams to GoldenGate migration

Improved management and monitoring

Oracle Management Pack

Oracle GoldenGate Veridata

Supported platforms and databases

Oracle GoldenGate topology

Process topology

The rules

Position

Statistics

Design considerations

Choosing a solution

Network

Database schema

What to replicate?

Object mapping and data selection

Initial load

CSN coordination

Trail file format

Summary

2. Installing and Preparing GoldenGate

Prerequisites

The GoldenGate certification matrix

Downloading the software

Software requirements

Hardware requirements

Memory

CPU

Network

Disk

The Oracle virtual machine

The software installation

Installing GoldenGate using the OUI

Unpacking the media

Enabling the X server

Running the installer

Performing a silent installation

The subdirectories

br

dircrd

dirchk

dirdat

dirdef

dirpcs

dirprm

dirrpt

dirsql

dirtmp

dirwlt

Preparing the environment

Preparing the 12c container database for data replication

Enabling archive log mode

Enabling supplemental logging

Creating GoldenGate admin user

Enabling the Flashback Query

Enabling transaction data capture

Preparing the 11g database for replication

Enabling the archive log mode

Creating the GoldenGate admin user

Enabling the transaction data capture

Preparing the operating system

Creating the initial configuration

Configuring the Manager process

The capture process

Creating the capture process

Registering the capture process in a 12c container database

Registering the capture process in a 11g database

The data pump process

Starting the capture process

The apply process

Creating the GoldenGate admin user on the target database

Registering the Replicat process in the target database

Creating and starting the apply process

The configuration summary

Patching the GoldenGate home

GoldenGate deinstallation from Linux/Unix

Summary

3. Design Considerations

Replication methods

Active-active replication

Active-passive replication

Cascading

Downstream capture

Extract Load and Transform (E-LT)

Networking

Surviving network outages

Redundant networks

NIC teaming

Non-functional requirements

Performance

Availability

Security

Backup and recovery

Support

Hardware considerations

Computing architectures

Grid computing

Single server

Clusters

Cloud computing

Machines

The x86-64 Linux server

The database machine

Scaling up and out

Changed data management

Integrated capture and delivery

Classic mode

Coordinated mode

DDL replication

Changed data recovery

Point-in-time recovery (PITR)

Oracle Recovery Manager (RMAN)

Flashback

SAN Snapshot

Summary

4. Configuring Oracle GoldenGate

GoldenGate parameters

The GoldenGate instantiation

Choosing an instantiation method

File to Replicat

Extract parameters

Replicat parameters

File to Database Utility

Extract parameters

Replicat parameters

Direct Load

Extract parameters

Replicat parameters

Direct Bulk Load

Extract parameters

Replicat parameters

Performing the initial load

The example architecture

Direct Load instantiation

Configuring initial data capture

Configuring change data capture

The configuration summary

Creating the configuration for multitenant databases

Creating the configuration for nonCDB databases

Configuring change delivery

Testing change data capture and delivery

Stopping GoldenGate processes

More about trail files

The trail

Trail file purging

Configuring Oracle Manager process

Configuring the downstream mining database

Preparing the source database

Preparing the target database

The GoldenGate configuration

Summary

5. Configuration Options

Using BATCHSQL

The SQL cache

Exceptions

When to use BATCHSQL

Data compression

Compressing the data stream

The COMPRESS option

The Oracle table compression

Security features

The wallet method

The ENCKEYS method

The data encryption

The message encryption

The trail file encryption

The password encryption

The default method

The named method

The Credential Store

Event-based processing

The Event Marker System

Triggering Event Actions

Using Event Actions to improve batch performance

Bidirectional configuration options

The loop detection

Conflict Detection and Resolution in bidirectional environment

CDR reporting

Exception handling

Oracle sequences

Oracle triggers

The DDL support

The DDL replication

The DDL configuration

Filtering

Mapping options

The DDLOPTIONS parameter

Using DUMPDDL

Using LogMiner

Heterogeneous environments

Microsoft SQL Server

IBM DB2

The DEFGEN utility

Oracle Streams to GoldenGate Migration

Summary

6. Configuring GoldenGate for HA

GoldenGate on RAC

Shared Storage

ACFS

DBFS

OCFS

Configuring GoldenGate on RAC

Configuring Grid Infrastructure for GoldenGate

Oracle Grid Infrastructure Agents (XAG)

Installing the XAG Grid Infrastructure Agents

The Virtual IP

Creating an ACFS-shared filesystem

Installing the GoldenGate software

Creating the GoldenGate application VIP

Resilience

GoldenGate on Exadata

Supported compression methods

Considerations

Creating the Extract process

Creating the Replicat process

Failover

The automatic failover

The manual failover

The GoldenGate application failover

The active-active configuration

Summary

7. Advanced Configuration

Mapping your data

Column mapping

Using the COLMAP option

The COLMATCH option

Using the DEFGEN utility

Data selection and filtering

The WHERE clause

The FILTER clause

Loop detection

Active-active

Cascade

Data transformation

Truncation and extraction

Concatenation

Substitution

Case changing

Conversion functions

Arithmetic expressions

Date functions

DDL support

The SQLEXEC parameter

Data lookups

Executing stored procedures

Executing SQL

Executing DML

Handling errors

Scheduling jobs

Using and defining macros

User tokens

Using user tokens to populate a heartbeat table

User exits

Calling C routines

Sample user exits

Source files explained

Using logic in the data replication

Replicating data between different GoldenGate versions

Licensing

Oracle Data Integrator 12c

ETL versus E-LT

Pros

Cons

Knowledge Modules

Summary

8. Managing Oracle GoldenGate

The Oracle Management Pack for GoldenGate

Oracle GoldenGate Monitor 12c

Command-level security

The CMDSEC file

Managing the trail file

Managing the process startup

Managing TCP/IP errors

Reporting and statistics

Monitoring errors

Monitoring latency

Creating an OEM 12c Metric Extension to monitor GoldenGate processes

Creating the monitoring script

Creating the Metric Extension

Deploying the Metric Extension

Historical reporting

Measuring throughput

The data throughput

The operation throughput

Summary

9. Performance Tuning

Before tuning GoldenGate

The online redo logs

Large objects – LOBs

Base lining

DBFS enhancements

Tuning data delivery

Balancing load across parallel process groups

Considerations when using parallel process groups

Splitting large tables into row ranges across process groups

The RANGE function

Adding Replicats with the @RANGE function

Tuning parameters to improve the Replicat throughput

BATCHSQL

COMMIT_SERIALIZATION

EAGER_SIZE

PARALLELISM

Viewing integrated parameters

Controlling the memory consumption

Tracing processes to find wait events

Diagnosing a slow Extract

Static data dictionary views

Tuning the network

Linux TCP tuning

Hardware upgrades

Solid-state disks

Summary

10. Troubleshooting GoldenGate

Troubleshooting tips

Troubleshooting process startup failures

The CHECKPARAMS parameter

Adjusting the replication starting point

Altering Extract processes in RAC environments

Classic capture

Integrated capture

Confirming the integrated capture process status

Checking data throughput

Checking process checkpoints

Recovering from a corrupt trail file

GoldenGate health check

The GoldenGate dynamic performance views

Investigating network issues

TCP/IP

SQL*Net

Bequeath connections

Investigating Oracle errors

Exception handling

Creating an exceptions handler

Viewing exceptions

Handling Oracle Sequences

Using LOGDUMP

Opening files

Viewing the header record

Viewing the transaction record

Miscellaneous commands

Filtering records

Upgrading GoldenGate

Dynamic Rollback

Creating process groups and trails for reverse processing

Summary

11. The Future of GoldenGate

Cloud computing

The Oracle Integration Cloud Service

On-premises to cloud migrations

GoldenGate and Big Data

Deprecation of the nonCDB architecture

Oracle GoldenGate 12c Release 2

Summary

A. GGSCI Commands

B. GoldenGate Installed Components

C. Acronyms

Index

Oracle GoldenGate 12c Implementer's Guide

Oracle GoldenGate 12c Implementer's Guide

Copyright © 2015 Packt Publishing

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embedded in critical articles or reviews.

Every effort has been made in the preparation of this book to ensure the accuracy of the information presented. However, the information contained in this book is sold without warranty, either express or implied. Neither the author nor Packt Publishing, and its dealers and distributors will be held liable for any damages caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by this book.

Packt Publishing has endeavored to provide trademark information about all of the companies and products mentioned in this book by the appropriate use of capitals. However, Packt Publishing cannot guarantee the accuracy of this information.

First published: February 2011

Second edition: July 2015

Production reference: 1210715

Published by Packt Publishing Ltd.

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Credits

Author

John P Jeffries

Reviewers

Asif Momen

Shuxuan Nie

Gavin Soorma

Eric Yen

Commissioning Editor

Nadeem Bagban

Acquisition Editor

Vinay Argekar

Content Development Editor

Akashdeep Kundu

Technical Editor

Siddhesh Ghadi

Copy Editors

Relin Hedly

Akshata Lobo

Project Coordinator

Milton Dsouza

Proofreader

Safis Editing

Indexer

Monica Ajmera Mehta

Graphics

Disha Haria

Production Coordinator

Conidon Miranda

Cover Work

Conidon Miranda

About the Author

John P Jeffries has worked in many countries around the world, consulting on the Oracle technology. He is interested in different cultures and enjoys teaching others. At present, John lives and works in Singapore and is employed as a subject matter expert at a global bank, delivering enterprise-wide infrastructure design solutions, particularly in the database private cloud and data replication space. Since he wrote his first book, Oracle GoldenGate 11g Implementer's Guide, he has been heavily focused on leveraging Oracle's Fusion Middleware products (including GoldenGate) to address performance, data migration, and data delivery issues.

With over 15 years of experience in Oracle, John has worked for a number of global organizations, such as BT, Siebel Systems, Dell, Thomson Reuters, and Oracle Corporation, to name a few. At Oracle, he worked in advanced customer services on key accounts as a senior principal consultant and became the UK data replication expert, often publishing articles on his own website (http://oracle11ggotchas.com/).

John is an Oracle Certified Professional and a GoldenGate specialist. He gives presentations at ODTUG conferences and continues to share his real-life hands-on experience through his work. Known for his ability to provide robust, effective solutions and workarounds, John delivers his knowledge, tips, and tricks in his new book, Oracle GoldenGate 12c Implementer's Guide.

Thank you for purchasing my book, which would not have been possible without the help and support of a number of key people and organizations. First, I would like to thank my wife, Wendy, for her dedication, encouragement, and the sacrifice that she has endured. I would also like to thank her for her support at weekends and for putting up with my late nights' work. Wendy also helped me with the proofreading. Second, I would like to thank the reviewers of this book, who provided me with excellent feedback that helped me focus on the material for the Oracle community. Finally, I would like to thank Packt Publishing for asking me to write a second edition of Oracle GoldenGate 11g Implementer's Guide. I trust that you will find this edition just as interesting and informative as the first, enabling you to tailor a successful implementation of Oracle 12c GoldenGate to your specific requirements.

About the Reviewers

Asif Momen has been working with Oracle technologies for over 14 years and has expertise in database architecture, performance tuning, and high availability. He has a master's degree in software systems from Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani.

Asif has been honored with the prestigious Oracle ACE award from Oracle Technology Network. He has authored Oracle Database XE 11gR2 Jump Start Guide for Packt Publishing. Asif is an Oracle Certified Master (OCM) and has certifications in OCP 11g DBA and OCP 9i Forms Developer. He is also an Oracle Certified Expert in RAC 10g.

Asif has given presentations at the Oracle OpenWorld 2012, 2011, and 2010 conferences, All India Oracle User Group (AIOUG), and Middle East Oracle User Group (MEOUG). He is an active contributor to the Oracle user community and plays the following roles in various users groups:

Member of the executive committee, Middle East Oracle User Group (MEOUG)

Member of the editorial team, All India Oracle User Group (AIOUG)

Technical reviewer, Oracle Scene, UK Oracle User Group

His articles have appeared in Oracle Support - Customer Knowledge Exchange. His main areas of interest include database architecture and tuning, Oracle RAC, and backup and recovery. He posts his ideas and opinions on The Momen blog at http://momendba.blogspot.com. Asif can be reached at .

Shuxuan Nie is a platform architect with specialization in SOA, Oracle VM, Exalogic, and Java technologies. She holds an MS in computer science from Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics. ShuXuan has 15 years of experience in the IT industry, which includes SOA technologies, such as BPEL, ESB, SOAP, XML, Enterprise Java technologies, Eclipse plugins, and C++ cross-platform development. Since 2010, she has been working at Rubicon Red, helping customers resolve integration issues and design and implement highly available infrastructure platforms on Oracle VM and Exalogic.

From 2007 to 2010, ShuXuan worked with the Oracle Global Customer Support team and focused on helping customers solve their middleware/SOA integration problems. Before joining Oracle, he worked as a staff software engineer at IBM China Software Development Lab for 4 years and participated in several complex products, such as IBM Lotus Workplace, WebSphere, and the Eclipse platform. Later, he joined the Australia Bureau of Meteorology Research Center, where he was responsible for the implementation of the Automated Thunderstorm Interactive Forecast System for Aviation and Defense.

Gavin Soorma is an Oracle ACE and Oracle Certified Master with over 19 years of experience. He is also an Oracle Certified Professional (versions 7.3, 8i, 9i, 10g, 11g, and 12c) and an Oracle Certified Implementation Specialist in GoldenGate, Exadata, and Enterprise Manager 12c.

Gavin regularly gives presentations at various Oracle conferences and seminars. He has presented several papers at the IOUG, South African Oracle User Group, Oracle OpenWorld, and the Australian Oracle User Group. He presented a paper on Oracle GoldenGate titled Real Time Access to Real Time Information at AUSOUG 2015, which was held in Melbourne and Perth.

He is currently employed as a senior principal consultant at OnCall DBA, an Oracle solution provider based in Perth, Western Australia. Prior to this, he held the position of a senior Oracle DBA and team leader with Bankwest in Perth. Before migrating to Australia, Gavin worked for Emirates Airline Group IT in Dubai for over 15 years, where he held the position of a technical team manager of databases.

He has also written a number of tutorials and notes on Oracle GoldenGate, which can be accessed via his personal blog at http://gavinsoorma.com.

He was a technical reviewer for another book, Oracle GoldenGate 11g Implementer's Guide by John P Jeffries, Packt Publishing.

Eric Yen has been working with Oracle products since 1994. His experience includes working with VLDBs for various United States government agencies. Eric's areas of expertise include architecting and implementing Oracle's highly available and replication environments from their conception to implementation. He holds multiple Oracle and Security certifications from ISC2.

First of all, I would like to thank God for all that he has provided me and for being patient with me. Also, I would like to thank all those who have taught me to be a better person every day, both in my professional and personal life. I would like to thank Jane L., Alex C., Zach C., Richard R., Connie R., Carlie R., Emma R., Brenda M., Kristen F., and Brian R. My sincere gratitude goes to Michael R., Tom D., Jim P., Dave A., Joe C., Nick W., Larry C., and Hattie H. from Oracle Corporation. This list can never be all inclusive for those I missed (and those who cannot be mentioned); you are not purposely forgotten. Thank you, all.

When you know, then teach.

When you don't, then learn.

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Preface

In recent years, data replication has been an important part of many database systems. The growing trend for data integration is due to today's demand for real-time access and real-time information. GoldenGate is Oracle's strategic data synchronization solution that has become integrated with many sister products to address the most demanding business requirements. Until now, very little has been written about the end-to-end implementation of GoldenGate in a production enterprise-wide environment, irrespective of whether it is the traditional point-to-point replication or on-premise to cloud, performance, scalability, data integrity, and security, which is always paramount.

Welcome to Oracle GoldenGate 12c Implementer's Guide, a comprehensive book that delivers a practical approach in a clear and concise style. Whether you are new to GoldenGate or an advanced user, this book helps you get up to speed quickly. Based on the author's own experience, this long-awaited second edition book has all the information that is required to install, design, configure, and tune data integration solutions suited to every environment. Expert users can dive into key topic areas, such as performance tuning or troubleshooting, and seek desired solutions from the numerous tips and tricks, whereas novice users can go through the early installation and configuration chapters, later progressing to the advanced chapters.

This book helps you master data integration techniques to empower your organizations' readiness to migrate to cloud technologies quickly and easily. Covering both noncontainer and multitenant container database architecture, the book will appeal to the Oracle 11g and 12c database administrator, implementing GoldenGate for the most demanding business requirements.

This book is more than an implementation guide. It offers detailed real-life examples, encouraging additional thought and discussion that goes beyond the manual.

With Oracle GoldenGate 12c Implementer's Guide in hand, you'll be designing, installing, and configuring high-performance solutions with GoldenGate within minutes.

What this book covers

Chapter 1, Getting Started, provides an introduction to Oracle GoldenGate by describing the key components, processes, and considerations required to build and implement a GoldenGate solution. The topics covered include the evolution of the GoldenGate software, including the architecture behind the technology, followed by the solutions GoldenGate can provide along with its effective design. You will become accustomed with the concepts of the data replication and how GoldenGate provides robust enterprise-wide solutions.

Chapter 2, Installing and Preparing GoldenGate, helps you quickly learn the individual tasks needed to complete an end-to-end GoldenGate installation, including downloading, installing, and configuring the Oracle GoldenGate 12c software, the preinstallation steps for the OS and database, apart from the software and hardware requirements. The steps include the Oracle database setup and the configuration of GoldenGate, providing an overview that allows you to swiftly get up and running.

Chapter 3, Design Considerations, tells you how to address some of the issues that influence the decision-making process when you design a GoldenGate solution. This includes design considerations for performance, security, backup and recovery, and high availability. This chapter also helps you choose the appropriate hardware and topology to deliver a fast, robust, and scalable solution.

Chapter 4, Configuring Oracle GoldenGate, initially discusses the main GoldenGate configuration parameters and provides a methodical approach to the configuration process, stepping through each task to give in-depth information necessary to successfully implement Oracle GoldenGate 12c. In this chapter, you will learn the basic steps necessary to configure one-way replication in a GoldenGate environment, including data synchronization between the source and target.

Chapter 5, Configuration Options, focuses on the additional configuration options available in Oracle GoldenGate 12c. The powerful options discussed in this chapter allow you to extend your configuration to increase functionality and performance. Starting with a performance enhancing option to exploring the security features, data compression and encryption, heterogeneous environments, and finally discussing the DDL support and the tools available to monitor the DDL replication, this chapter covers an extensive array of configuration topics.

Chapter 6, Configuring GoldenGate for HA, explores how to configure GoldenGate in a RAC environment and talks about the various components that effectively enable HA for data replication and integration. The discussion topics include shared storage options, load balancing, and failover, apart from GoldenGate on Exadata.

Chapter 7, Advanced Configuration, gives you a deeper understanding about how to configure GoldenGate. By the time you are done with this chapter, you will be able to explore and realize each parameter specification and further develop your GoldenGate configuration. You will also learn how GoldenGate is used with Oracle Data Integrator to deliver real-time data synchronization solutions.

Chapter 8, Managing Oracle GoldenGate, focuses on the management features already built-in the GoldenGate Command Interpreter (GGSCI). This chapter discusses and implements a number of utilities, including tips and tricks that allow you to manage your GoldenGate environment effectively at no extra cost. This includes a step-by-step guide to configure a Metric Extension in Oracle Enterprise Manager 12c to monitor your GoldenGate Enterprise.

Chapter 9, Performance Tuning, covers the main areas that lend themselves to tuning, especially parallel processing and load balancing, enabling high data throughput and very low latency. In this chapter, you will learn how to leverage the performance enhancing new features that are available in GoldenGate 12c, including batch replication latency reduction and data delivery optimization through integrated processes.

Chapter 10, Troubleshooting GoldenGate, tells you how to investigate and resolve some of the common issues faced by the GoldenGate administrator. This chapter has captured some of the most common failure scenarios, offering help and guidance to wards a successful resolution. From using LOGDUMP to drilling into the GoldenGate trail files to automatic exception handling, you will quickly understand the importance of a methodical approach to troubleshooting.

Chapter 11, The Future of GoldenGate, takes you through the new technology and concepts where GoldenGate plays a role. It discusses cloud computing, Software as a Service (SaaS), and advances in integration, such as on-premise to cloud migrations and big data as well.

Appendix A, GGSCI Commands, provides a quick reference guide to all the available GGSCI commands.

Appendix B, GoldenGate Installed Components, lists the GoldenGate-installed components and their descriptions.

Appendix C, Acronyms, lists the acronyms with their fully qualified names that have been used throughout this book.

What you need for this book

At the minimum, you will require the following elements to run the code featured in this book. Starting with the hardware, you can configure a simple GoldenGate solution on just one personal computer that acts as a database server, running Oracle or Red Hat Enterprise Linux x86 Version 5.2. These can be native Linux or Linux virtual machines hosted on Microsoft Windows 7 or 8.

The same PC may be used as a client that supports terminal emulation software for logging in to the database server.

The following list provides the minimum hardware specification for the PC that will host the virtual machines:

1 x 2.3 GHz Core i7 Intel-based 64-bit architecture CPU

8 GB of physical memory

500 GB hard disk drive

1 x 1Gb/s Ethernet adapter

Oracle VM VirtualBox 64-bit for Windows (version 4.3.26)

The virtual machine specification is as follows; for 2VMs, each has:

4 CPU cores

4 GB RAM

30 GB filesystem storage

To implement a simple point-to-point data replication solution, you will need two Oracle 12c Release 1 databases. Both source and target databases can reside on the same machine.

Refer to the preinstallation requirements found on the Oracle website at https://docs.oracle.com/database/121/LADBI/pre_install.htm#LADBI7487.

The following list provides the software requirements:

Oracle or Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server Release 6.4 64 bit

Oracle Server 12.1.0 on Oracle Enterprise Linux 6.4 64 bit (This is required for the 2 Oracle databases: source and target)

Oracle GoldenGate Version 12.1.2.x for Oracle 12c on Oracle Enterprise Linux 6 64 bit

Microsoft Windows 7 or 8

Perl v5.10.1 (included with OEL/RHEL 6.4)

PuTTY 0.64 for MS Windows (the terminal emulation software that supports the SSH protocol)

WinSCP Version 5.7.2 for MS Windows (the file transfer software that supports the SFTP protocol)

Who this book is for

This book is for solution and database architects, who wish to learn about the functionality and efforts required in implementing a data replication, migration, or integration solution using GoldenGate. It is also designed for system administrators and database administrators, who want to implement, or who have already implemented GoldenGate, and who want to explore its advanced features. An intermediate understanding of Oracle's database technology is assumed.

Conventions

In this book, you will find a number of text styles that distinguish between different kinds of information. Here are some examples of these styles and an explanation of their meaning.

Code words in text, database table names, folder names, filenames, file extensions, pathnames, dummy URLs, user input, and Twitter handles are shown as follows: We can include other contexts through the use of the include directive.

A block of code is set as follows:

pdb2=

  (DESCRIPTION =

    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = db12server02)(PORT = 1521))

    (CONNECT_DATA =

      (SERVER = DEDICATED)

      (SERVICE_NAME = pdb2)

    )

  )

Any command-line input or output is written as follows:

[oracle@db12c ogg_src]$ oerr ora 1466 01466, 00000, unable to read data - table definition has changed // *Cause: Query parsed after tbl (or index) change, and executed //        w/old snapshot // *Action: commit (or rollback) transaction, and re-execute

New terms and important words are shown in bold. Words that you see on the screen, for example, in menus or dialog boxes, appear in the text like this: This provides all GoldenGate INFO, WARNING, and ERROR messages.

Note

Warnings or important notes appear in a box like this.

Tip

Tips and tricks appear like this.

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Errata

Although we have taken every care to ensure the accuracy of our content, mistakes do happen. If you find a mistake in one of our books—maybe a mistake in the text or the code—we would be grateful if you could report this to us. By doing