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    Atomic Espionage & Atom Spies
    Atomic Espionage & Atom Spies
    Atomic Espionage & Atom Spies
    Ebook68 pages53 minutes

    Atomic Espionage & Atom Spies

    By Ratan Lal Basu

    ()

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    About this ebook

    This booklet gives a clear idea of the atom bombs (both fission and thermonuclear) and the Soviet spy rings, spy handlers and spies centered on Manhattan Project Laboratories in USA, the project conducting research pertaining to atom bombs.

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherRatan Lal Basu
    Release dateSep 23, 2015
    ISBN9781310904233
    Atomic Espionage & Atom Spies
    Author

    Ratan Lal Basu

    ADDRESS: KOLKATAPh. D. in EconomicsProfession: Retired from 1st January, 2009 from the post of Reader in Economics and Teacher-in-Charge, Bhairab Ganguly College, Kolkata, India

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      Book preview

      Atomic Espionage & Atom Spies - Ratan Lal Basu

      ATOMIC ESPIONAGE & ATOM SPIES

      By Ratan Lal Basu

      Copyright 2023 Ratan Lal Basu

      Smashwords Edition

      Smashwords Edition, License Notes

      Thank you for purchasing this e-book. It is the copyrighted property of the author, and may not be reproduced, copied and distributed for commercial or non- commercial purposes. If you have enjoyed this book, please encourage your friends to purchase the e-book at Smashwords.com, where they can also discover other works by this author. Thank you for your support

      Contents

      Chapter-1

      Chapter-2

      Chapter-3

      Chapter-4

      Chapter-5

      The Author

      Chapter-1

      Introduction

      In a general way the term atomic espionage refers to spying and stealing of technological intelligence pertaining to Fission bombs and Thermo Nuclear (T-N) bombs. Fission bombs are several hundred times more powerful than the earlier most destructive bombs based on high explosives like TNT. Again T-N bombs are a few hundred times more powerful than the Fission bombs.

      Espionage in this connection was mainly one way traffic – from the US Bloc to the Soviet Bloc. Considering the sophistication of the technologies involved, the persons involved in espionage were generally highly intelligent scientists and nuclear technicians. Many of these spies were moles, schematically implanted by the USSR, many did it simply for financial gains and some did it because of some ideological obsession – either adherence to the Communist ideology or from the belief that monopoly of USA in atomic power would hinder the peace of the world and balance of power in this regard would be more desirable to maintain global peace.

      Before going into the stories of atom spies, it is necessary to explain in a way comprehensible to ordinary readers, the actual subject matter of espionage. In brief the subject matter of espionage was related to the intricate and highly sophisticated technologies involved in making the Fission and T-N bombs. If we simply state that the relevant technologies pertained to the making of Fission bombs from Uranium 235 (symbolically ²³⁵92U) and Plutonium 239 (symbolically ²³⁹94Pu) or T-N bombs from Hydrogen isotopes, nothing would be comprehensible to the ordinary readers. So we should start at the outset with the definition of Atom.

      What is an Atom?

      In a general way an ‘atom’ may be defined as the smallest conceivable division of a chemical element. We would see soon that atoms may be further split up, but these fragments of atoms are irrelevant in terms of chemical functions.

      The broad concept of atom has been traced in the writings of Greek philosophers like Leucippus and his disciple Democritus (about 5th century B.C.) and in the Vaisheshika philosophy of the Indian sage Kanada (about 2nd century B.C.) In fact this sage (originally named Uluka) got the pejorative because of his concept of Kana (particle).

      However, these ancient concepts of particles have very little relevance to modern atomic science which had its real beginning from the discovery of the English chemist John Dalton during the early 19th century. Since then, there have been continued research and discoveries in the field of atomic science. Dalton believed that atom is the smallest particle and it could not be split up into smaller particles. Subsequent discoveries, however, dispelled Daltonian view. In 1896, the British physicists, J. J. Thomson, John Townsend and H. A. Wilson discovered electron, a negatively charged (according to the concept of negative and positive charges conceived by Michael Faraday) very tiny particle. Soon it was realized by scientists that atom is neither an unbreakable nor a solid and compact particle unlike the concept of Dalton.

      Discovery of nucleus of the atom by Ernest Rutherford in 1911 was a milestone in the arena of atomic theory and thereafter in 1913 his disciple Niels Bohr, the great Danish scientist discovered the structure of atom, although his discovery was a preliminary outline. But all later atomic theories were based on this basic structure as depicted by Bohr. In brief his concept was like this – the nucleus of the atom is a compact mass consisting of positively charged Protons, and electrically neutral Neutrons, both having the same mass. Around this nucleus negatively charged electrons (with insignificant mass compared to protons and neutrons) revolve in different orbits. Apparently an atom appears like our solar system with sun as the nucleus and the planets as electrons. However, the basic rules of the atom are guided by quantum mechanics, which is radically different from classical mechanics which guide planetary motion around the sun. Considering

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