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    Assessing the Energy Efficiency of Pumps and Pump Units: Background and Methodology
    Assessing the Energy Efficiency of Pumps and Pump Units: Background and Methodology
    Assessing the Energy Efficiency of Pumps and Pump Units: Background and Methodology
    Ebook259 pages2 hours

    Assessing the Energy Efficiency of Pumps and Pump Units: Background and Methodology

    By em. Dr.-Ing Bernd Stoffel

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    About this ebook

    Assessing the Energy Efficiency of Pumps and Pump Units, developed in cooperation with Europump, is the first book available providing the background, methodology, and assessment tools for understanding and calculating energy efficiency for pumps and extended products (pumps+motors+drives). Responding to new EU requirements for pump efficiency, and US DOE exploratory work in setting pump energy efficiency guidelines, this book provides explanation, derivation, and illustration of PA and EPA methods for assessing energy efficiency. It surveys legislation related to pump energy efficiencies, provides background on pump and motor efficiencies, and describes the concept of Energy Efficiency Index (EEI) for circulators and single and multi-pump systems.
    • The first book to cover Europump- sponsored research on energy efficiency in pumps, including coverage of new EU guidelines implemented in January 2015
    • Discusses Product Approach (PA) and Extended Product Approach (EPA) to assessing energy efficiency
    • Derives and explains the Minimum Efficiency Index (MEI)
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherElsevier Science
    Release dateApr 10, 2015
    ISBN9780081006658
    Assessing the Energy Efficiency of Pumps and Pump Units: Background and Methodology

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      Book preview

      Assessing the Energy Efficiency of Pumps and Pump Units - em. Dr.-Ing Bernd Stoffel

      deviation

      Introduction

      In the first three chapters, this book tries to give an overview on the motivation for assessing the energy efficiency of pumps and pump units (Chapter 1), on the present state of corresponding standardization and legislation (Chapter 2), and on activities of Europump in respect to this issue (Chapter 3). The physical and technical background of pump efficiency and its dependencies and limitations are basically compiled in Chapter 4. The basic explanations are extended to the electric power input of motor-driven pumps in Chapter 5. The effect of manufacturing tolerances on the resulting tolerance of efficiency or efficiency indicators is addressed in Chapter 6. The Minimum Efficiency Index (MEI) is already in use for assessing pumps as separate products and for proving their compliance with a corresponding EU Regulation. The origins of the definition of MEI and the test method for its determination are shortly described in Chapter 7. The Energy Efficiency Index (EEI) is an appropriate indicator for assessing the energy efficiency of pumps together with their electric drives. EEI is already established for proving the compliance of circulators with a corresponding EU Regulation. Recent activities of Europump aimed at developing specific definitions and methods that are needed to apply the concept of EEI to pump units consisting of separate pumps and electric drives. The essentials of the concept of EEI are provided in Chapter 8.

      Most of the various chapters can be read independently of each other. Chapter 1 serves to give valuable information on the global and European situation in respect to energy generation and consumption and particularly on possibilities and potentials to save energy consumed by pumping systems. Chapter 3 may be worth reading to member companies of Europump but also to national, European, and non-European institutions, associations, and authorities, as it gives compact information on recent and current activities of Europump relating to the topic of the book. Preferably, reading Chapters 2, 6, 7, and 8 is recommended to those who are mainly interested in getting the most relevant information on existing and expected assessing methods and on corresponding efficiency indicators and fundamental relations. Chapters 4 and 5 may be useful to read for those who are not so familiar with the physics behind efficiency and losses of pumps and electric drives or who want to refresh their knowledge in these fields.

      Chapter 1

      The Role of Pumps for Energy Consumption and Energy Saving

      The yearly generation of electric energy in various types of power plants and the energy mix determine the yearly CO2 emission. Distributions of the consumption of electric energy illustrate the significant contribution of electric motors in general and in particular that of electric motor driven pumps. The consumption of electric energy by the use of rotodynamic pumps (that form the objects of the book) depends not only on the efficiency of the pumps and their drives but also on characteristics of the hydraulic installation, which is supplied with fluid energy, and on the mode of operation. There exist a considerable energy-saving potential for pumping systems and technical measures to realize this potential. Legislative measures promote the practical realization and lead to benefits for the environment and consequences for the pump market.

      Keywords

      Electric energy generation; electric energy consumption; electric motors; rotodynamic pumps; efficiency; hydraulic installation; energy-saving potential; technical measures; legislative measures; benefits

      1.1 Generation and Consumption of Electric Energy

      The utilization of electric energy for many various purposes is a characteristic aspect of modern technics and human life.

      1.1.1 Generation of Electric Energy

      Electric energy is generated by converting primary energy sources. A significant part of these primary sources consists of the fossil combustibles black coal, brown coal, mineral oil, and natural gas. These combustibles are converted into electric energy in conventional power plants. A second part of primary sources consists of radioactive materials, which are used in nuclear power plants to generate electric energy by nuclear fission. A third and increasing part of primary sources is renewable (water power, wind, solar radiation, biomass) and is converted in different technical facilities (e.g., water power plants, wind turbines, solar energy plants, biomass power plants) into electric

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