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    The evolution of Soft Computing - From neural networks to cellular automata
    The evolution of Soft Computing - From neural networks to cellular automata
    The evolution of Soft Computing - From neural networks to cellular automata
    Ebook59 pages48 minutes

    The evolution of Soft Computing - From neural networks to cellular automata

    By Marco Casella

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    About this ebook

    This book provides a historic overview of what is defined as "soft computing" with its techniques: neural networks, fuzzy logic, genetic algorithms and cellular automata.
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherMarco Casella
    Release dateDec 7, 2014
    ISBN9786050341386
    The evolution of Soft Computing - From neural networks to cellular automata

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      Book preview

      The evolution of Soft Computing - From neural networks to cellular automata - Marco Casella

      MARCO CASELLA

      THE EVOLUTION OF SOFT COMPUTING

      UUID: 8ed36edc-7e20-11e4-96fe-9df0ffa51115

      This ebook was created with BackTypo (http://backtypo.com)

      by Simplicissimus Book Farm

      Table of contents

      Introduction

      History of neural networks

      History of fuzzy logic

      History of the genetic algorithms

      History of cellular automata

      Introduction

      This book wants to give a historical overview of the techniques at the basis of what is defined soft computing.

      Coined in 1965 by Lotfi Zadeh, the term soft computing indicates a series of methods that enable to treat some problems whose we have an uncertain or partial knowledge finding rough solutions, opposed to the hard computing methods, based on the research of right solutions.

      In particular, the soft computing techniques aim to evaluate, decide, control and calculate in an imprecise domain emulating and using the human beings’ capability to carry out these activities on the basis of their experience. In fact, the model of the soft computing is human mind, with its perplexities, emotions and subjectivities.

      The soft computing makes use of the features of its three main branches:

      the possibility to shape and to control uncertain and complex systems, as well as to represent efficiently the knowledge through the linguistic descriptions typical of the fuzzy set theory;

      the optimization capability of the genetic algorithms whose computation is inspired by the selection and mutation laws typical of living organisms;

      the learning capability of complex functional relationships of the neural neutworks, inspired by those of the cerebral tissues;

      the capability to describe the evolution of complex systems by means of the mathematic model of the cellular automata.

      The complementarity of these techniques has important consequences: a problem can often be resolved more efficiently using them combined rather than separate.

      According to Lotfi Zadeh

      «a growing visibility trend is set up by the use of the fuzzy logic in combination with the neural calculus and the genetic algorithms. More in general, fuzzy logic, neural networks and genetic algorithms can be regarded as the main constituent of what could be defined as soft calculus. Alike the traditional or hard calculus methods, the soft computing aims to be adapted to the pervasive imprecision of the real world. Its main principle can be expressed as follows: to exploit the tolerance for the imprecision, the uncertainty and the partial truths so as to obtain treatability, robustness and low cost solutions. In the next years, the soft computing is likely to be destined to play a more and more important role in the conception and design of systems whose MIQ (Machine Intelligent Quotient) is far higher than conventional systems. Among the various combinations of soft computing methods, the one that has greater visibility in this domain is the fusion of fuzzy logic and neural calculus that leads to the so-called neuro-fuzzy systems. In the context of the fuzzy logic, these systems play a particularly important role in the induction process of rules starting from observation".

      According to Kohonen, it can be stated that

      «soft computing, real-world computing, etc. are common denominations for certain forms of information and natural elaboration that have their origin in biology. On the other hand, fuzzy and probabilistic logics, neural networks, genetic algorithms, etc., are alternative theoretical formalisms through which computational schemes and algorithms can be defined for these purposes».

      In general, the soft computing techniques resemble to biologic processes more close to the traditional techniques, mostly based on formal logic systems, like propositional logic and predicate logic, or they rely upon the computerized numeric analysis.

      The different application of soft computing suggest that its impact will grow in the next years. 

      History of neural networks

      The study of neural networks dates back to the first attempts to translate the principles of the biologic processing in mathematic models. The most ancient theories of the brain and the mental processes have been conceived by the Greek philosophers Plato (427-347 B.C.) and Aristotle (384-322 B.C.). These theories have been drawn by René Descartes (1586-1650) and in the 18th century

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