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Aryl hydrocarbon receptor mediated transactivity of 13 pesticides commonly used in denmark
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor mediated transactivity of 13 pesticides commonly used in denmark
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor mediated transactivity of 13 pesticides commonly used in denmark
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Aryl hydrocarbon receptor mediated transactivity of 13 pesticides commonly used in denmark

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Alcune sostanze chimiche, rilasciate nell'ambiente dall'uomo, possono agire sulla normale omeostasi del sistema endocrino, portando a pericolose conseguenze. Questi composti sono indicati con la sigla EDCs (endocrine disrupting chemicals). Il recettore per gli idrocarburi aromatici (AhR) è coinvolto nella mediazione biologica di queste sostanze. La conoscenza del funzionamento di questo recettore è uno step importante per l'identificazione dei ligandi che potrebbero provocare effetti dannosi all'organismo. Il presente progetto si pone come obiettivo l'analisi di 13 pesticidi comunemente usati in Danimarca, per evidenziare la loro possibile azione dannosa sul sistema endocrino, attraverso l'attivazione forzata dell'AhR o impedendone il normale funzionamento.
LanguageItaliano
PublisherAgnese Tabbò
Release dateMar 19, 2012
ISBN9788863697063
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor mediated transactivity of 13 pesticides commonly used in denmark

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    Aryl hydrocarbon receptor mediated transactivity of 13 pesticides commonly used in denmark - Agnese Tabbò

    RINGRAZIAMENTI

    ABSTRACT

    The endocrine system is a complex network of glands, hormones and receptors. It provides the key communication and control link between the nervous system and body functions such as reproduction, immunity, metabolism and behaviour.

    Some chemicals can act on the endocrine system to disturb the homeostatic mechanisms of the body or to initiate processes at abnormal times in the life cycle. Up to now, because of a series of observations in both humans and wildlife, the spotlight has focused on disruption of these hormones that play a major part in the control of reproduction and development in fetal and childhood period.

    Numerous man-made chemicals are produced and released into the environment through different routes and a number of them have been shown to disturb the endocrine system by mimicking, enhancing or antagonizing the endogenous hormones. For this reason they are named endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and they belong to the group of the so called persistent organic pollutants (POPs).

    It has been documented that exposure to POPs, such as dioxins and dioxin-like compounds (DLCs) (e.g. pesticides), may cause a series of negative effects both in animal experiments and in human epidemiologic studies, including carcinogenicity, immunotoxicity and adverse effects on reproduction.

    Earlier in vitro studies in humans who work with pesticides have shown that they have endocrine disruption potential.

    Recently, in a Danish study, it was demonstrated an impaired reproductive development of sons of women working in horticulture during pregnancy.

    The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) is involved in the mediation of the biological effects of POPs, such as certain pesticides. It is shown that chemicals found in the environment and food can affect AhR function.

    Knowledge of the structures that bind to and activate the AhR is an important step for the identification and characterization of ligands that may have dioxin-like adverse effects in vivo. The in vitro AhR mediated transactivation of the reporter luciferase gene expression (AhR-CALUX, with rat cells and AhR-luc, with mouse cell) bioassays have proven to be quick and sensitive assays to detect the AhR mediated potential of pure chemicals extract of environmental and biological matrices.

    The applied project analyzed pesticides with potential endocrine disrupting properties and their possible mechanism of action, elucidated by examination of 13 pesticides from different groups, commonly used in Denmark, by in vitro methods.

    The result of this study indicates that currently used pesticides in Denmark, might have potential to interfere with endocrine processes due to their effect on the AhR.

    ABSTRACT

    Il sistema endocrino è una complessa rete di ghiandole, ormoni e recettori. La sua principale funzione è quella di mettere in comunicazione il sistema nervoso con diversi distretti dell’organismo, per permettere l’ottimale funzionamento di processi come la riproduzione, la risposta immunitaria, il metabolismo e il comportamento. Alcune sostanze chimiche, rilasciate nell’ambiente dall’uomo, possono agire sulla normale omeostasi del sistema endocrino ed interferire con questi processi, portando a pericolose conseguenze.

    Esperimenti su animali e studi epidemiologici sull’uomo, condotti fino a questo momento, hanno concentrato l’attenzione sulle sostanze che perturbano il normale funzionamento ormonale, causando anormalità nei processi di riproduzione e sviluppo nel periodo fetale e nell’infanzia.

    Numerosi prodotti chimici di scarto sono rilasciati nell’ambiente attraverso diverse vie. Le principali fonti di emissione nell’Unione Europea, secondo la Convenzione di Stoccolma del 2006, sono:

    Combustione di carburanti

    Combustioni industriali

    Emissioni e scarti di industrie metallurgiche

    Emissioni e scarti di industria chimiche

    Incenerimento di rifiuti

    Decomposizione del legno e altre sostanze organiche

    Molte di queste sostanze sono risultate pericolose per il sistema endocrino, in quanto mimano, inibiscono o aumentano la produzione ormonale. Per questa ragione questi composti sono indicati con la sigla EDCs (endocrine disrupting chemicals) e appartengono al gruppo dei POPs (persistent organic pollutants).

    L’esposizione ai POPs, come le diossine o i composti da esse derivati (e.g. i pesticidi), può portare ad una serie

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