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    Marine Paleobiodiversity: Responses to Sea Level Cycles and Perturbations
    Marine Paleobiodiversity: Responses to Sea Level Cycles and Perturbations
    Marine Paleobiodiversity: Responses to Sea Level Cycles and Perturbations
    Ebook114 pages1 hour

    Marine Paleobiodiversity: Responses to Sea Level Cycles and Perturbations

    By Mu Ramkumar

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    About this ebook

    Marine Paleobiodiversity presents a concise history, development and current status of paleobiodiversity research, thus forming a reference work for beginners, graduates and postgraduates, who are interested in this subject and intend venture into serious research. This book provides a link-reference between text book and highly-specialized journal articles, and so will be valuable for a wide audience of geologists and climatologists.

    • Presents studies on the human environmental impacts in climate changes, future sea level perturbations and the influence these have on biodiversity
    • Authored by a renowned researcher with over 15 years’ experience in the field
    • Includes recent research on the importance of paleobiodiversity patterns that influence sea level fluctuations
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherElsevier Science
    Release dateNov 3, 2015
    ISBN9780128093252
    Marine Paleobiodiversity: Responses to Sea Level Cycles and Perturbations
    Author

    Mu Ramkumar

    Dr. Mu. Ramkumar obtained his B.Sc. and Ph.D. from National College, Bharathidasan University, masters in geology from Annamalai University. His research interests range from Recent–Paleozoic depositional systems and integrated sequence–chemostratigraphy, and basin evolution. He has published about 100 articles author of 5 books (Cretaceous Sea Level Cycles, Marine Paleobiodiversity, Habitat Heterogeneity, Chemostratigraphy, River Basin etc.) and editor of 6 books published/in press by Elsevier, Springer, Wiley etc. He is a member of National Working Group on IGCP-609 Cretaceous Sea Level Cycles. He worked as research team leader and member in national international labs in India, Germany, Malaysia, France. He was the recipient of the prestigious Alexander Von Humboldt Fellowship, Visiting Scientist (thrice), Germany, Visiting Professor (France), Young Scientist (twice), Government of India, and was included in the Marquee's Who's Who directory (USA) for 5 consecutive years. He was nominated for the prestigious Merh Award (Geological Society of India) for his work on Geomorphology. He serves as a member in review and editorial panels of about two dozen international geological journals.

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      Book preview

      Marine Paleobiodiversity - Mu Ramkumar

      Marine Paleobiodiversity

      Responses to Sea Level Cycles and Perturbations

      Mu Ramkumar

      Table of Contents

      Cover image

      Title page

      Copyright

      Preface

      Acknowledgments

      Chapter 1. Introduction

      Abstract

      Chapter 2. Rationale

      Abstract

      Chapter 3. Geological Perspective on Biodiversity and Habitat

      Abstract

      3.1 Terminologies

      3.2 Types and Components

      3.3 Geological Perspective

      3.4 The Link Between Geological Processes and Biodiversity

      Chapter 4. Methods of Biodiversity and Habitat Heterogeneity Analyses

      Abstract

      4.1 Approaches of Biodiversity

      4.2 Numerical Methods and Database-Based Analyses

      4.3 Spatial Biodiversity

      4.4 True and Apparent Biodiversity—Signals and Causes of Distortion

      4.5 Methods of Bias Correction

      Chapter 5. Climate–Sea Level Coupling and its Influence on Biodiversity

      Abstract

      5.1 Paleobiodiversity Dynamics in the Light of Eustatic Sea-Level Cycles

      5.2 Biodiversity Dynamics Due to Climatic and Oceanographic Changes

      5.3 Environmental Changes and Relative Influences on Biodiversity and Habitat

      Chapter 6. Impacts of Sea-Level Fluctuations on Biotic Turnover

      Abstract

      6.1 Long-Term Changes and Biodiversity Dynamics

      6.2 Biodiversity Dynamics Due to Short-Term Sea-Level Changes and Perturbations

      Chapter 7. What Holds for the Future

      Abstract

      References

      Copyright

      Elsevier

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      Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

      No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions.

      This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein).

      Notices

      Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary.

      Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility.

      To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein.

      ISBN: 978-0-12-805415-4

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      A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress

      For information on all Elsevier publications visit our website at http://store.elsevier.com/

      Preface

      Mu Ramkumar

      Cognizant on the control exercised by the eustatic sea-level fluctuations over the stratal patterns, and the facies types and their distribution on spatial and temporal scales, the sequence stratigraphic concept was introduced in the 1970s. The studies that followed since then have established that the sedimentary facies successions were the results of earth processes that were on operation principally under the influence of global sea-level cycles. The concept also proposed that the processes create unique, hierarchically recognizable facies successions/bundles/parasequences and sequences. Though these sequences and sequence cycles of various orders and resultant changes in reservoir properties influenced by dynamics of depositional–erosional regimes, varied responses of siliciclastic, carbonate, and mixed siliciclastic systems to the relative sea-level fluctuations under the controls of tectono-eustasy, subsidence-uplift, sediment influx and climate, were studied extensively, the impacts and responses on ecosystem and biodiversity patterns, have largely been overlooked despite being in common knowledge for a long time.

      Global sea-level changes were also related with paleoceanographic phenomena, such as oxygen depletion and water-mass stratification, which control biodiversity. Eustatic transgressions and regressions allowed connections/disconnections of ancient seas and oceans, and, thus, opened/closed migration routes and strengthened/diminished the occurrences and abundances of biota. Relative sea-level fluctuations, either eustatic or introduced by any other cause, either long term or short term or due to perturbations as a result of endogenic or exogenic processes, do exercise corresponding changes on the biotic system either directly by creating or depriving or expanding or contracting habitats on oceans as well as onland, and/or indirectly through atmospheric, lithospheric, and oceanographic processes due to their coupled nature. The results are explicit in terms of radiation and extinction events as well as in terms of abundance, dwindling, colonizing, acquiring new morphologic traits of species and habitat heterogeneity. Extensive review of the publicly available data and studies that documented various facets of paleobiodiversity trends covering Precambrian–Recent, from southern–northern latitudes, on a long-term, short-term, and perturbation scale perspectives, from arid–humid and dry–wet climes, in a wide ranging habitats spanning from highlands to bathyal regions, remains of ancient taxa as small as acritarch to as big as dinosauria and lifestyles ranging from sedentary, infaunal, epifaunal, nextonic, nektobenthic, avian, amphibious etc., and linking widely differing intrinsic, extrinsic, environmental, and other causes led to the proposition that, occurrence, abundance, and diversity of biota

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