A Comparative Analysis Of The Military Leadership Styles Of Ernest J. King And Chester W. Nimitz
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One way to help develop leaders is to provide examples of both successful and flawed military leadership styles. There are many cases of each in American history. In particular, World War II leaders Admirals Ernest J. King and Chester W. Nimitz provide contrasting examples of naval leadership. An examination of the leadership styles of these two naval officers provides useful examples which future leaders can consider when reflecting on their own leadership styles. After careful review, it soon becomes evident that the leadership style of Nimitz closely aligned with the leadership styles of Generals George C. Marshall and Dwight D. Eisenhower, two World War II leaders I closely examined in my previous Master’s thesis. In addition, it also becomes evident that King was a diametrically different leader from these three leaders. He provides an example of a leader who was cold, harsh, and morally bankrupt. As result, reviewing the leadership styles of these World War II leaders will benefit future leaders as well as those they lead.
Major James R. Hill
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A Comparative Analysis Of The Military Leadership Styles Of Ernest J. King And Chester W. Nimitz - Major James R. Hill
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Text originally published in 2009 under the same title.
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Publisher’s Note
Although in most cases we have retained the Author’s original spelling and grammar to authentically reproduce the work of the Author and the original intent of such material, some additional notes and clarifications have been added for the modern reader’s benefit.
We have also made every effort to include all maps and illustrations of the original edition the limitations of formatting do not allow of including larger maps, we will upload as many of these maps as possible.
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE MILITARY LEADERSHIP STYLES OF ERNEST J. KING AND CHESTER W. NIMITZ
By
MAJ James R. Hill, USAR
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS 4
Abstract 5
Acknowledgements 5
Introduction 6
Small Town Upbringing, Military Education, and Religion 10
King’s Small Town Upbringing and Military Training at the US Naval Academy 10
Nimitz’s Small Town Upbringing and Military Training at the US Naval Academy 13
The Importance of Religion in Leadership 16
The Importance of Religion in King’s Leadership Style 22
The Importance of Religion in Nimitz’s Leadership Style 24
Leadership Styles 28
King’s Military Leadership Style 28
Nimitz’s Military Leadership Style 38
Conclusions 42
REQUEST FROM THE PUBLISHER 44
Bibliography 45
Primary Sources 45
Books 45
Secondary Sources 45
Books 45
Theses/Articles/Lectures 48
Abstract
In a constantly changing world threatened by the likelihood of terrorist acts, the American people need military leaders who clearly demonstrate an understanding of American core values, and who are both competent and morally focused. In order to produce military leaders who meet these qualifications and who can successfully meet the future challenges America faces, it is important to develop and refine those leaders early and help them understand how to create and refine a successful leadership style. The process of developing leadership styles, however, is not easy and it requires a prodigious amount of determination, time, and planning from prospective future leaders. It also requires military training institutions to align their curriculums to promote leadership, as well as, to provide guidance and mentoring in order to help develop these future leaders.
One way to help develop leaders is to provide examples of both successful and flawed military leadership styles. There are many cases of each in American history. In particular, World War II leaders Admirals Ernest J. King and Chester W. Nimitz provide contrasting examples of naval leadership. An examination of the leadership styles of these two naval officers provides useful examples which future leaders can consider when reflecting on their own leadership styles. After careful review, it soon becomes evident that the leadership style of Nimitz closely aligned with the leadership styles of Generals George C. Marshall and Dwight D. Eisenhower, two World War II leaders I closely examined in my previous Master’s thesis. In addition, it also becomes evident that King was a diametrically different leader from these three leaders. He provides an example of a leader who was cold, harsh, and morally bankrupt. As result, reviewing the leadership styles of these World War II leaders will benefit future leaders as well as those they lead.
Acknowledgements
Completing this third Master’s degree has been personally challenging yet rewarding. It provides me with a great deal of satisfaction to see such a labor of work finally completed. It would not have been possible, however, without the support and guidance that the members of my Masters degree monograph syndicate provided. Therefore, I would like to thank the Chair of my committee, Dr. Jonathan House, as well as Dr. Jacob Kipp and Colonel Christ of Schaefer, the other two members of my syndicate. Their reviews of my many drafts were insightful and enabled me to better hone my thoughts. Most importantly, I would like to thank my wife, Natalie, and my four children, Olivia, Gabriel, Abigail, and Katelyn, for their support. They have always been a source of inspiration and motivation for me. Throughout this process, they often encouraged me to keep plodding along in my research, they have helped me take timely diversions from research, and they understood when I had to leave during the weekends to sequester myself away in my SAMS classroom or in the library to work on my monograph.
Introduction
Leadership development is vitally important for shaping America’s future military forces. In addition, most American citizens look to military leaders as examples of righteousness in American behavior.{1} They view officers and enlisted service members, both men and women, as assertive, tested, selfless serving patriots who work for the betterment of all Americans. That is why they reach out their hands to service members passing by and in a sincere and uplifting voice offer thanks and praise for their service to our country. It is therefore essential for the future of America that those service members who are selected to lead do so with competence, as well as a sense of moral righteousness, honesty, and integrity. These latter attributes are inherently part of American core democratic values, and they are more important qualities than finding leaders who are simply technically competent and knowledgeable about military operations or plans. In, Leadership Without Easy Answers, Dr. Ronald A. Heifetz highlighted the following about leadership in America, Leadership arouses passions because leadership engages our values. So the very concept of leadership is ‘value-laden.’
{2} Too often, leaders in the military who are knowledgeable and competent in their fields are placed in leadership positions yet they do not lead with a moral compass. Current military leaders must carefully vet prospective leaders in order to validate that these prospects are competent, have integrity, are honest and morally focused, and that they are not swayed by temptations that offer wealth or personal gratifications. Leaders of this caliber will guide those they lead, and they will serve as a beacon of leadership for all Americans because they will inspire respect, faith, and the type of American idealism that is possible in each person. Indeed, Americans view our military leaders as national