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    British Railway Tickets
    British Railway Tickets
    British Railway Tickets
    Ebook142 pages35 minutes

    British Railway Tickets

    By Jan Dobrzynski

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    About this ebook

    In 1838 Thomas Edmondson, an employee of the fledgling Newcastle & Carlisle Railway, revolutionised the ticket issuing process in Britain and left an enduring legacy: the Edmondson ticket. Purchased as proof of the contract between passenger and railway company, the ticket was a receipt, travel pass and an ephemeral record of almost every train journey ever taken in the British Isles, reflecting the nostalgia of the railways and a period of history when the movement of millions of people brought together England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales. The railways printed millions of tickets for every conceivable journey and category of passenger. Most were destroyed after use, but remarkably many survive, in the care of libraries, museums and collectors, and form the basis of a fascinating hobby.
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherBloomsbury Publishing
    Release dateJan 20, 2013
    ISBN9780747813149
    British Railway Tickets

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      Book preview

      British Railway Tickets - Jan Dobrzynski

      INTRODUCTION

      THE BRITISH RAILWAY TICKET has its origins in a time before railway transport became widespread, in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, when the horse-drawn stagecoach was the main form of public transport in the British Isles, and other modes of travel included ships and boats that plied coastal waters or rivers and canals. The overland stagecoach network stretched over thousands of miles of turnpike roads, serving most principal cities, towns and villages and calling at coaching inns at intervals of approximately 10 miles, where the horses would be changed for a fresh team, and passengers could find rest and refreshment. Tens of thousands of horses were maintained, and thousands of people made a living serving the needs of a relatively small number of passengers.

      Stagecoach travel was arduous, uncomfortable and hazardous. Many roads were in poor condition and became impassable during severe weather, and so delays were common. Accidents were frequent and highway robbery was another danger. A speedier and more secure coaching service was offered by the Royal Mail, which ran through the night. The mail coach, in the charge of a driver and a heavily armed guard, carried two classes of passenger, the ‘insides’ and the ‘outsides’ – usually four of each. Outside seats were cheaper, but travel by either class was expensive and only the wealthier traveller could afford it. Poorer people either had to make do with a stage wagon or, as most did, walk, but many seldom travelled at all.

      Opened on 27 September 1825, the Stockton & Darlington Railway established steam traction for the transport of goods and passengers, but tickets were not used by passengers during the early years.

      This slightly charred stagecoach waybill from the North British Railway was rescued from a station-yard bonfire, along with the tickets below.

      The stagecoach passenger had to book at least a day in advance to secure a place in the coach, giving his or her personal details to a clerk in the booking room at the inn. At the start of their journey passengers received a handwritten docket, which served to identify them to the driver or guard, and this document was probably the earliest British transport ticket. The guard held a waybill listing the names of the passengers in his charge; a copy of the docket or the stub from which the ticket was torn remained with the clerk at the coaching inn, who recorded the transaction in a ledger. The driver took payment at stages along the route or at the conclusion of the journey.

      Tickets printed by Gellatly of Edinburgh. The mail coach conveyed inside and outside passengers over an uncompleted section of the railway.

      The front of a Bolton & Leigh Railway ticket, and a similar ticket from the Northern & Eastern Railway. Each passenger’s ticket was torn from a sheet; the stub was retained as the waybill.

      Rocket commemorated (by a later replica) on an LNWR postcard.

      The railways brought an altogether more comfortable and safer means of transport, although many stagecoach practices remained, especially the method of issuing travel documents. The pioneer railways had evolved from earlier horse-worked wagonways and tramroads, which used open wagons for the transportation of minerals and other goods, coupled up to form a train. Horse traction soon gave way to steam locomotives, and railway technology evolved through the pioneer work of Richard Trevithick, George and Robert Stephenson, and others. Within a few years, several ambitious railway schemes were presented before Parliament. One of the earliest was the Stockton & Darlington Railway (SDR), incorporated on 19 April 1821. At first, railways carried few passengers, and those who travelled had to make do with open trucks designed for the transport of goods, but gradually carriages with bodywork resembling that of stagecoaches were used – not surprisingly, since the artisans who built road coaches supplied many for the railways. An early railway that catered for passengers from the outset was the Liverpool & Manchester Railway (L&MR), authorised on 5 May 1826 and opened on 15 September 1830, following the so-called Rainhill Trials, when the Stephensons’ Rocket was selected as the most efficient means of traction for the railway, becoming

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