Mr Punch Afloat - The Humours of Boating and Sailing
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Mr Punch Afloat - The Humours of Boating and Sailing - Read Books Ltd.
Mr Punch Afloat
The Humours of Boating and Sailing
AS PICTURED BY
SIR JOHN TENNIEL, GEORGE DU MAURIER,
JOHN LEECH, CHARLES KEENE, PHIL MAY,
L. RAVEN-HILL, LINLEY SAMBOURNE,
G. D. ARMOUR, A. S. BOYD,
J. BERNARD PARTRIDGE, AND OTHERS.
Boating – A Very Short History of Boats.
Boating is the leisurely activity of travelling by boat or the recreational use of a boat, whether powerboats, sailboats or man-powered vessels (such as rowing and paddle boats), focused on the travel itself, as well as sports activities, such as fishing or waterskiing. It is a popular activity, and there are millions of boaters worldwide. A ‘boat’ itself, is a watercraft of any size designed to float or plane, to work or travel on water – used by humans even before recorded history. Boats come in an enormous variety of shapes, sizes and construction, due to intended purpose, available materials and local traditions. For example, canoes have an incredibly long history with various versions used throughout the world for transportation, fishing or sport. Fishing boats in turn, vary widely in style mostly to match local conditions. Pleasure boats represent a less practical approach and can include anything from ski boats, pontoon boats to sailboats… the list goes on! Most small boats are designed for inland lakes or protected coastal areas, whereas others, such as the ‘whaleboat’ are operated from another ship, in an offshore environment.
In naval terms, a boat is a vessel small enough to be carried aboard another vessel (a ship). Yet for reasons of naval tradition, submarines are also usually referred to as ‘boats’ rather than ‘ships’, regardless of their size. ‘Dugouts’ are the oldest boats archaeologists have found, dating back about eight thousand years. It is known however that boats served as transport since early times; circumstantial evidence, such as the early settlement of Australia over 40,000 years ago, findings in Crete dated 130,000 years ago, and findings in Flores dated to 900,000 years ago, suggest that boats have been used since prehistoric times. The earliest boats are thought to have been logboats (a boat made from a hollowed tree trunk), and the oldest recovered boat in the world is the Pesse canoe, (a logboat) from a Pinus sylvestris, constructed somewhere between 8200 and 7600 BC. This canoe is exhibited in the Drents Museum in Assen, Netherlands. Other very old dugout boats, as well as other types have also been recovered, for instance a 7,000 year-old seagoing reed boat, found in Kuwait.
Boats played an incredibly important part in the commerce between the Indus Valley Civilisation and Mesopotamia, and much evidence of boat modelling has been discovered at various Indus Valley sides. The ‘Uru’ wooden big boat was made in Beypore, a village in South Calicut, Kerala, in south-western India – but was also used by the Arabs and Greeks since ancient times as trading vessels. This mammoth wooden ship was constructed using teak, without any iron or blueprints and which has a transportation capacity of 400 tonnes. A boats construction is usually its defining feature; and the measure of its success or failure at sea. There are several key components which make up the main structure of most boats though. These are, the ‘hull’; the main component that provides buoyancy. The ‘gunnel’; the sides of the boat, offering protection from the water and making it harder to sink. The ‘deck’; the roughly horizontal, but chambered structures spanning the hull of the boat (more commonly found in ships), and above the deck are the ‘superstructures.’ Underneath is the ‘cabin’, which similarly to the ‘superstructure’ will have many constituent parts.
Until the mid-nineteenth century most boats were constructed using natural materials, primarily wood although reed, bark and animal skins were also used. However, this changed with the industrial revolution, when many boats were made with iron or steel frames (now readily available and reasonably inexpensive to construct) – but still planked in wood. In 1855 ferro-cement boat construction was patented by the French as Ferciment. This is a system by which a steel or iron wire framework is built in the shape of a boat’s hull and covered (trowelled) over with cement. Reinforced with bulkheads and other internal structure, it is strong but heavy, easily repaired, and, if sealed properly, will not leak or corrode. These materials and methods were copied all over the world, and have faded in and out of popularity to the present.
As the forests of Britain and Europe continued to be over-harvested to supply the keels of larger wooden boats, and the Bessemer process (patented in 1855) cheapened the cost of steel, steel ships and boats began to be more common. By the 1930s boats built of all steel from frames to plating were seen replacing wooden boats in many industrial uses, even the fishing fleets. In the mid-20th century aluminium gained popularity. Though much more expensive than steel, there are now aluminium alloys available that will not corrode in salt water, and an aluminium boat built to similar load carrying standards could be built lighter than steel. Such construction methods have changed dramatically in recent years though – as around the mid-1960s, boats made of glass-reinforced plastic, more commonly known as fibreglass, became popular, especially for recreational boats. A great number of small and large scale pleasure boats are now made using this material.
Fibreglass boats are strong, and do not rust (iron oxide), corrode, or rot. They are, however susceptible to structural degradation from sunlight and extremes in temperature over their lifespan.
People have even made their own boats or watercraft out of materials such as foam or plastic, but most home-builds today are built of plywood and either painted or covered in a layer of fibreglass and resin. This type of boating for pleasure might involve a singlehanded vessel, or the boat may be crewed by families and friends – proceeding on its own, or joining a flotilla with other like-minded voyagers. They also may be operated by their owners, who often also gain pleasure from maintaining and modifying their craft to suit their needs and taste. Boating for trade, food, travel and recreation is an immensely widespread activity over the globe, and it is showing no signs of abating. We hope the reader enjoys this book.
Designed to provide in a series of
volumes, each complete in itself,
the cream of our national humour,
contributed by the masters of comic
draughtsmanship and the leading wits
of the age to Punch,
from its
beginning in 1841 to the present day.
MR PUNCH AFLOAT
THE PUNCH LIBRARY OF HUMOUR
Twenty-five volumes, crown 8vo. 192 pages
fully illustrated
LIFE IN LONDON
COUNTRY LIFE
IN THE HIGHLANDS
SCOTTISH HUMOUR
IRISH HUMOUR
COCKNEY HUMOUR
IN SOCIETY
AFTER DINNER STORIES
IN