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    Digital and Microprocessor Techniques V10
    Digital and Microprocessor Techniques V10
    Digital and Microprocessor Techniques V10
    Ebook193 pages1 hour

    Digital and Microprocessor Techniques V10

    By Clive W. Humphris

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    About this ebook

    Now published as a portable, learning, reference and subject revision guide, students, teachers and hobbyists can have their own low-cost portable version as an eBook.

    For easy reading, a comprehensive list of hundreds of topics each with a graphic image and explanatory text act as a useful exam revision reminder or reference tool for professionals.

    The accompanying software which brings all these images to life can be downloaded at no extra charge thereby providing an additional computer based interactive learning resource as an easy and enjoyable way to study.

    A combined eBook and software package at a tiny fraction of the previously published price.

    Unlock accompanying software with your eBook receipt!
    LanguageEnglish
    PublishereBookIt.com
    Release dateMay 24, 2013
    ISBN9781456617400
    Digital and Microprocessor Techniques V10
    Author

    Clive W. Humphris

    Clive W. Humphris M0DXJ: Ex Technology Teacher. Software Developer, Author and Director of eptsoft limited. Married with two children and four grandchildren.Apprentice Instrument Maker at Marconi’s with Senor Technical Management roles in Radio Rentals and Alcatel Business Systems before starting eptsoft providing educational software to schools colleges and universities worldwide since 1992.Interests outside of developing digital products for eptsoft, include Running, Walking and Reading.

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      Digital and Microprocessor Techniques V10 - Clive W. Humphris

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      4 6 2012-01-13T14:53:00Z 2012-03-27T13:38:00Z 4 819 4671 eptsoft 38 9 5736 9.3821

      LOGIC GATES 1: Simple OR Logic Function.

      The OR logic function can be clearly demonstrated using two push switches connect in parallel. Press S1 OR S2 and the lamp is lit.

      If both switches are closed the lamp, as you would expect remains on. The only state, which extinguishes the lamp, is when both switches are open. Replace logic 0 for an open switch and logic 1 for a closed switch.

      4 6 2012-01-13T14:53:00Z 2012-03-27T13:38:00Z 4 819 4671 eptsoft 38 9 5736 9.3821

      LOGIC GATES 1: Simple AND Logic Function.

      The AND function requires both switches to be closed for the lamp to become lit. Opening either removes the lamp voltage supply. Therefore, both S1 AND S2 have to remain closed to complete the circuit

      4 6 2012-01-13T14:53:00Z 2012-03-27T13:38:00Z 4 819 4671 eptsoft 38 9 5736 9.3821

      LOGIC GATES 1: AND Gate Function.

      This diagram shows the logic symbol for an AND gate along with two pull down resistors. If the switches are open the inputs are held LOW, closing either pulls up the voltage on the selected input.

      For the AND gate there is only one condition which produces a logic HIGH output. Which is it?

      4 6 2012-01-13T14:53:00Z 2012-03-27T13:38:00Z 4 819 4671 eptsoft 38 9 5736 9.3821

      LOGIC GATES 1: OR Gate Function.

      Here we use the same basic circuit to demonstrate the OR logic function. Examine the truth table and determine the input conditions which produce a logic HIGH output.

      Go back and compare this with the parallel switches we looked at earlier.

      4 6 2012-01-13T14:53:00Z 2012-03-27T13:38:00Z 4 819 4671 eptsoft 38 9 5736 9.3821

      LOGIC GATES 1: NAND Gate Function.

      The NAND gate is simply an AND gate with an inverted output. Compare the truth tables for each type.

      Could you draw a circuit diagram which would demonstrate the NAND function? Use whatever components you like, not just switches.

      4 6 2012-01-13T14:53:00Z 2012-03-27T13:38:00Z 4 819 4671 eptsoft 38 9 5736 9.3821

      LOGIC GATES 1: NOR Gate Function.

      Again the NOR logic gate is an OR function with an inverted output. Compare the truth tables.

      This is probably one of the most useful gates available. As we explore later this gate can be configured as an AND function or logic inverter.

      Tip. AND to OR or reverse. Change the gate type and invert the inputs and outputs.

      Compare the truth tables for the two functions and note the differences.

      4 6 2012-01-13T14:53:00Z 2012-03-27T13:38:00Z 4 819 4671 eptsoft 38 9 5736 9.3821

      LOGIC GATES 1: NOT Gate Function.

      The NOT gate is simply an inverter. The output will always be opposite to the input.

      Place two NOT gates in series and you have your original input logic state. This diagram shows a NAND gate connected as inverter by strapping the inputs together. Also the conventional schematic symbols for logic inverters.

      4 6 2012-01-13T14:53:00Z 2012-03-27T13:38:00Z 4 819 4671 eptsoft 38 9 5736 9.3821

      LOGIC GATES 1: Exclusive OR Gate Function.

      The EXCLUSIVE OR logic function will output a logic 1 only if either of the inputs is HIGH not both.

      Familiarise yourself with the truth table. The next topic shows how this function is derived.

      4 6 2012-01-13T14:53:00Z 2012-03-27T13:38:00Z 4 819 4671 eptsoft 38 9 5736 9.3821

      LOGIC GATES 1: Equivalent Exclusive OR Circuit.

      The OR, AND and NAND gates are constructed to perform the EXCLUSIVE OR logic function. Each of the gate inputs and output conditions is shown. You could prove this circuit by writing a truth table, you will see that only one logic input HIGH will produce an output, not both.

      We also take the opportunity to introduce some other logic symbols. To confuse things more, the plus sign actually means OR, the dot or period stands for AND, the bar above (A.B) means NOT. Lastly the plus sign enclosed in the circle means EXCLUSIVE OR.

      Refer each back to the individual gate. Once you get the hang of these symbols it is a very convenient way of expressing and simplifying complex logic circuits. Called Boolean Algebra.

      4 6 2012-01-13T14:53:00Z 2012-03-27T13:38:00Z 4 819 4671 eptsoft 38 9 5736 9.3821

      LOGIC GATES 1: OR Function from NAND Gates.

      This is an example of how a simple OR Gate can be built using three NAND gates.

      Also shown are the Boolean expressions for each input and output.

      4 6 2012-01-13T14:53:00Z 2012-03-27T13:38:00Z 4 819 4671 eptsoft 38 9 5736 9.3821

      LOGIC GATES 1: Mixed Logic Analysis 1.

      This circuit uses mixed logic gates.

      Try constructing a truth table and see if the circuit could be simplified, and therefore replaced by just one or two equivalent gates.

      4 6 2012-01-13T14:53:00Z 2012-03-27T13:38:00Z 4 819 4671 eptsoft 38 9 5736 9.3821

      LOGIC GATES 1: Logic Analysis 2.

      A second example uses six NAND gates connected together to achieve a particular function for the combination of A and B input logic.

      Try working out what it is. Then by introducing other gate types can you simplify the diagram?

      Remember the tip given earlier. Change the gate

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