Complementary and Alternative Medical Lab Testing Part 8: Urology
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About this ebook
Complementary and Alternative Medical Lab Testing (CAM Labs) contains summaries of the published research on lab tests, primarily from PubMed trials on humans. Each chapter (disease) begins with a brief summary of conventional lab tests, followed by additional lab tests, including diabetes, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, inflammation, etc. There are sections on endocrine hormones (thyroid, adrenal, sex steroids) and environmental medicine (toxic heavy metals). The nutritional assessments section includes minerals, vitamins and amino acids.
CAM Labs 8 – Urology
1. Chronic Renal Failure
2. Edema
3. Interstitial Cystitis
4. Nephrolithiasis (Kidney Stones)
5. Nocturnal Enuresis (Bed Wetting)
6. Overactive Bladder
7. Urinary Incontinence
8. Urinary Tract Infection
9. Urolithiasis (Urinary Stones)
Ronald Steriti
Dr. Ronald Steriti is a graduate of Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine and currently is researcher for Jonathan V. Wright at the Tahoma Clinic.
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Complementary and Alternative Medical Lab Testing Part 8 - Ronald Steriti
Complementary and Alternative
Medical Lab Testing
Part Eight: Urology
By Ronald Steriti, ND, PhD
©
Complementary and Alternative Medical Lab Testing Clinician’s Guide Part Eight: Urology
By Ronald Steriti, ND, PhD
Copyright © 2016
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, including photocopying, including in a web site, or stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form by any means, without expressed, written permission of the copyright owner.
The contents of this document are the sole property of the author.
Disclaimer
This book has not been evaluated by the FDA and is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.
The information contained in this book is for educational purposes only, and should not be construed as medical advice or instruction. No action should be taken based solely on the contents of this book. Readers should consult appropriate health officials.
While extensive efforts have been made to ensure the accuracy of the information contained, the possibility of errors, omissions, and misinterpretations cannot be ruled out. The reader is advised to consult the original references for verification and clarification.
Foreward
This book is a summary the published research on lab tests, primarily from PubMed. The studies are limited to those with trials on humans. As such, some labs may be excluded due to the lack of published research. That is simply a reflection of the current state of research - much more work is needed!
Although this book may be useful for differential diagnosis, lab tests are can also be used to identify inderlying causes and associated conditions.
The sections on conventional lab tests are purposefully brief. These tests are typically used to confirm a diagnosis. There are other more comprehensive sources of information on conventional medical lab testing.
Table of Contents
1. Chronic Renal Failure
2. Edema
3. Interstitial Cystitis
4. Nephrolithiasis (Kidney Stones)
5. Nocturnal Enuresis (Bed Wetting)
6. Overactive Bladder
7. Urinary Incontinence
8. Urinary Tract Infection
9. Urolithiasis (Urinary Stones)
Chapter 1. Chronic Renal Failure
Conventional Lab Tests
CBC, basic metabolic panel
Urinalysis, with calculation of renal function
Elevated BUN and serum creatinine
Serum phosphate, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, alkaline phosphatase, and intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels to check for evidence of renal bone disease.
Cystatin-C (an estimation of kidney function)
Additional Lab Tests
Fasting Glucose, Hemoglobin A1C
Diabetes mellitus is recognized as a leading cause of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal failure. Chronic renal failure is associated with insulin resistance and, in advanced renal failure, decreased insulin degradation. Both of these abnormalities are partially reversed with the institution of dialysis. (Sampanis, 2008)
Insulin Resistance, Metabolic Syndrome
Of the 2418 individuals without reported diabetes at baseline, participating in the Health, Aging and Body Composition study, a study in older individuals aged 70-79 years, 15.6% had CKD. Individuals with IR had a lower eGFR (80.7 +/- 20.9 versus 75.6 +/- 19.6, P < 0.001). After multivariable adjustment, eGFR (odds ratio per 10 mL/min/1.73 m(2) 0.92, 95% confidence interval 0.87-0.98) and CKD (1.41, 1.04-1.92) remained independently associated with IR. In individuals with and without CKD, the significant predictors of IR were male sex, black race, higher visceral fat, abdominal subcutaneous fat and triglycerides. In individuals without CKD, IR was associated with lower high-density lipoprotein and current nonsmoking status in multivariate analysis. In contrast, among individuals with CKD, interleukin-6 (IL-6) was independently associated with IR. There was a significant interaction of eGFR with race and IL-6 with a trend for adionectin but no significant interactions with CKD (P > 0.1). In the fully adjusted model, there was a trend for an interaction with adiponectin for eGFR (P = 0.08) and significant for CKD (P = 0.04 ), where adiponectin was associated with IR in those without CKD but not in those with CKD. In mainly Stage 3 CKD, kidney function is associated with IR; except for adiponectin, the correlates of IR are similar in those with and without CKD. (Landau et al., 2011)
A cross-sectional study enrolled 196 patients with renal failure. Excluding patients younger than 18 years old, patients with acute renal failure (n = 24) and patients with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) more than 60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 , the study finally had 167 patients. 55.7% of the patients with chronic renal failure were found to have MS, 42.5% of the patients had CKD or two criteria for MS and 2.4% of the patients did not fulfill any criteria. (Al-Bitar et al., 2012)
Twenty-nine non-diabetic patients with a glomerular filtration rate of 25 ml.min-1.1.73 m-2 (11-43) (median, range) and 15 sex, age, and body mass index matched control subjects with normal renal function were studied. Patients demonstrated hyperinsulinemia both during fasting (p < 0.01) and during the test (p < 0.02). The tissue sensitivity to insulin, expressed by the amount of glucose infused during the last 60 min of a 120-min hyperinsulinemia euglycaemic clamp (M-value) and the M/I ratio, was significantly lower in the patients than in the control subjects (M-value 404 +/- 118 vs 494 +/- 85 mg glucose/kg body weight, p < 0.02) (M/I ratio 1.77 +/- 0.71 vs 2.57 +/- 0.70 (mg/(kgBW.min) per pmol/l.100, p < 0.001). The maximal aerobic work capacity was significantly lower in the patients than in the control subjects (24 +/- 8 vs 32 +/- 11 ml O2/(kg body weight.min), p < 0.02) and positively correlated to the M-value and the M/I ratio in both groups. In conclusion, not only patients with end-stage chronic renal failure but also