Minor Yoga Upanishads
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About Amṛtanāda Upaniṣad
Amṛtanāda Upaniṣad belongs to Kriṣna Yajurveda. In this Upaniṣad meditation on OM (Oṅkāra) along with the six limbs of yoga - pratyāhāra (withdrawal of senses), dhyāna (meditation), prāṇāyāma (restraint of breath), dhāraṇā (concentration), tarka (discussion, reflection in agreement with the śāstras (scriptures i.e. Vedas) and samādhi are described. Techniques of prāṇāyāma, meditation on the various mātrās (A, U, M, etc.) of OM and the regions of five prāṇas and their colors are described. A sādhaka is guided on how to attain a divine life leading to mośha (liberation). Thus, the major subjects of yoga with its ultimate goal are presented in this Upaniṣad.
About Amṛtabindu Upaniṣad
Of twenty Yoga Upaniṣads, Amṛtabindu is an important Upaniṣadbelonging to Kriṣna Yajurveda. Amṛta bindu literally means a drop of immortal nectar. It contains twenty-two mantras as drops of spiritual teaching which lead to immortality. Even though it is considered as a minor Upaniṣad, the significance of its spiritual teaching is great and important like other Upaniṣads. This Upaniṣad mainly discusses on the nature of the mind, cause of bondage and liberation, meditation on the Parabrahman, etc. and finally, realization of "I am That Brahman or Vāsudeva".
About Kṣurikā Upaniṣad
Kṣurikā Upaniṣad belongs to Kriṣna Yajurveda. There are twenty-five mantras in this Upaniṣad. This Upaniṣad is like a sharp knife to cut off the barriers on the path of the realization of the ultimate truth. Of the eight limbs of the yoga, it mainly discusses on the perfection of dhāraṇā and its results. One should finally reach the spot of Parabrahma where he is able to cut off the bondage of all the karmas and dissolves himself into the Paramātman. This is the teaching of this Upaniṣad. Thus, the practice of dhāraṇā, one of the major components of yoga with its ultimate goal is presented in this Upaniṣad.
About Yogarāja Upaniṣad
This Upaniṣad belongs to yoga. Of the twenty Yoga Upaniṣads, it is an excellent yoga Upanishad. This is why this Upaniṣad is called Yogarāja. The theoretical aspect of yoga is described in detail in a simplified way in twenty-one verses. First of all, the four yogas - Mantrayoga, Layayoga, Rājayoga and Haṭhayoga are mentioned. Then the four limbs of yoga dhyāna, samādhi etc. are explained. Again, the nine cakras (psychic centers) and the process of meditation on cakras are described.
About Haṃsa Upaniṣad
This Upaniṣad belongs to Sukla Yajurveda. It is presented in the form of dialogue between Ṛṣi Gautama and Sanatkumāra. Sanatkumāra imparts the knowledge of Brahmavidyā to Ṛṣi Gautama which was heard by Goddess Pārvati from Lord Śiva. It is said that the Haṃsa in the form of Jīvātmā exists in all beings. The six cakras should be penetrated to attain it. It is said that nāda is produced by meditating on Haṃsa. Thus the various forms of nāda are experienced. Realization of Brahman is its supreme goal. It is also called the state of samādhi.
Swami Vishnuswaroop
Swami Vishnuswaroop (Thakur Krishna Uprety), B. A. (Majored in English & Economics), received his Diploma in Yogic Studies (First Class) from Bihar Yoga Bharati, Munger, Bihar, India. He was formally trained under the direct guidance and supervision of Swami Niranjanananda Saraswati in the Guru Kula tradition of the Bihar School of Yoga. He was initiated into the lineage of Swami Satyananda Saraswati, the founder of Bihar School of Yoga and the direct disciple of Swami Sivananda Saraswati of Rishikesh. His guru gave his spiritual name ‘Vishnuswaroop’ while he was initiated into the sannyasa tradition. Swami Vishnuswaroop is a Life Member of World Yoga Council, International Yoga Federation. Divine Yoga Institute has published his nine books on classical yoga, meditation and tantra. He is one of the few yoga practitioners registered with Nepal Health Professional Council established by The Government of Nepal. He has been teaching on the theory and practice of traditional yoga and the yogic way of life to Nepalese and foreign nationals for more than twenty-five years. Swami Vishnuswaroop has designed a comprehensive yoga program called ‘Yoga Passport’ in order to give a broader theoretical and practical knowledge of yoga which includes various aspects of yogic practice. Many health professionals, yoga practitioners and people from various backgrounds of more than forty-seven countries from various parts of the world have gone through his yoga courses and programs. He currently works as the President of Divine Yoga Institute, Kathmandu, Nepal and travels abroad to provide yogic teaching and training.
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Minor Yoga Upanishads - Swami Vishnuswaroop
Dedication
Tasmai Śri Gurave Namah!
Dedicated to my Guru Swami Satyananda Saraswati,
Founder of Bihar School of Yoga,
Munger, India.
Book One - Amṛtanāda Upaniṣad
Introduction
Amṛtanāda Upaniṣad belongs to Kriṣna Yajurveda. In this Upaniṣad meditation on OM (Oṅkāra) along with the six limbs of yoga - pratyāhāra (withdrawal of senses), dhyāna (meditation), prāṇāyāma (restraint of breath), dhāraṇā (concentration), tarka (discussion, reflection in agreement with the śāstras i.e. Vedas and samādhi are described. Techniques of prāṇāyāma, meditation on the various mātrās of OM and the regions of five prāṇas and their colors are described. A sādhaka is guided on how to get rid of fear, anger and hatred. Instructions are given on food and drinks, action and rest, and sleeping and waking to maintain a good balance in life and finally, how to attain a divine life leading to mośha (liberation). Thus, the major subjects of yoga with its ultimate goal are presented in this Upaniṣad.
A key to transliteration is given at the end of these Upaniṣads. It is hoped that this collection of minor yoga Upaniṣads will be helpful for all who are interested to understand the vedāntic view on various aspects of yoga in order to realize the ultimate goal of human life.
Publisher
Main Topics
Goal of Human Life - Worship of Rudra - Oṅkāra Leads to the Supreme - Meditation on the Īśvara - Practice of Pratyāhāra - Six Limbs of Yoga - Prāṇa Purifies Indriyas - Dhāraṇā Purifies All Sins - Three Prāṇāyāmas - Practice of Gāyatri Mantra - Sign of Recaka - Sign of Pūraka - Sign of Kumbhaka - Practice of Dhāraṇā - Right Tarka (Reasoning) - Oṅkāra Sādhanā - Method of Oṅkāra Sādhanā - OM Is Brahma - Contemplation on OM - Method of Steady Practice - Practice of Dhāraṇā - Nature of Praṇava - Co-practice of Prāṇa and Mind - Door Leading to Liberation - Prescribed Rules for a Yogi - Arising of Wisdom - Attainment of Kaivalya - Dhāraṇā on Praṇava Mātrās - Place of Prāṇa Vāyu - Diurnal Count of Breath - Location of Five Prāṇas - Colors of Five Prāṇas Vāyus - No Rebirth After Penetration of Maṇḍala - Śānti Pāṭha
Śānti Pāṭha
oṃ saha nāvavatu /
saha nau bhunaktu /
saha vīryaṃ karavāvahai /
tejasvināvadhītamastu mā vidviṣāvahai /
oṃ śāntiḥ śāntiḥ śāntiḥ //
Om. May He protect both of us together. May He nourish both of us together. May both of us get strength and power together. May our knowledge (given and received between us) be powerful. May there be no animosity between us. Om. May there be peace, peace and peace again in all the three worlds. May the three types of pains/miseries be peaceful.
Goal of Human Life
śāstrāṇyadhītya medhāvī abhyasya ca punaḥ punaḥ /
paramaṃ brahma vijñāya ulkāvattānyathotsṛjet // 1//
The highly intelligent one, after studying all the śāstras (scriptures) and practicing them repeatedly, should realize the knowledge of the Brahma. As this life is transient like the light