Che Guevara's Face: How a Cuban Photographer's Image Became a Cultural Icon
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About this ebook
Danielle Smith-Llera
Danielle Smith-Llera grew up in coastal Virginia, hearing unforgettable tales about her Mexican and Irish ancestors. She first moved overseas to teach in international schools in Hungary and Brazil. Life in the U.S. Foreign Service has taken her around the world to live in India, Jamaica, Romania, Belgium, the United Kingdom, and Washington, DC. She loves sharing stories—fiction, nonfiction, and a mixture of both—in classrooms, museum exhibits, and, of course, books.
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Che Guevara's Face - Danielle Smith-Llera
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ChapterOne:Tragedy in Havana
ChapterTwo:Struggling for Independence
ChapterThree:A Revolutionary Image
ChapterFour:Portrait for the People
Timeline
Glossary
Additional Resources
Source Notes
Select Bibliography
Index
Chapter One
TRAGEDY IN HAVANA
Stone angels bent over graves inside Havana’s Colón Cemetery. Palm trees swayed against a gray sky on an unseasonably cold day for a Caribbean island. A block away, thousands of Cubans filled the streets, stunned with grief. Before them stood their country’s leader, Prime Minister Fidel Castro, high on a stage built on a flatbed truck. Microphones boomed his voice over the crowd as he began: There are moments of great importance in the life of a nation. There are minutes that are extraordinary. One of these is this moment, this tragic, bitter moment we are going through today.
Castro retold the terrible events of the day before, March 4, 1960. Dockworkers at Havana Harbor had been unloading a cargo of 76 tons (69 metric tons) of weapons from the French ship La Coubre. Suddenly an explosion had ripped through the ship, blowing debris across the harbor waters and alarming people across the city.
Thirty minutes later a second explosion had shaken the harbor. More than 200 had been wounded, many losing limbs. As many as 100 dockworkers, sailors, rescuers, and others had died, many of their bodies damaged beyond recognition.
Castro firmly believed the explosions had not been accidental, but sabotage. He declared that for the weapons to explode, they must be set off.
Castro told the crowd that the weapons were destroyed deliberately by those who do not want our country to have defensive strength.
He bellowed into the microphone, We know our enemies!
Two explosions rocked Havana Harbor on March 4, 1960, causing speculation on who was behind the tragedy.
Holding exploded bomb casings, Castro accused the United States of attacking Havana Harbor. Do they want to frighten us?
he asked. Standing in front of a waving Cuban flag, he vowed, Cuba will not be intimidated.
In the audience, close to the stage, Alberto Korda pointed a camera up at Castro, taking photographs. He was on assignment for the newspaper Revolución. Korda’s lens didn’t stop moving for long. It traveled between Castro and two famous visiting French philosophers, the writers Jean-Paul Sartre and Simone de Beauvoir. Castro had invited them to sit on the stage, and they were listening intently.
Then Korda saw something unexpected in his viewfinder. The president of Cuba’s Central Bank appeared, gazing out across the audience. He was 31-year-old Ernesto Che
Guevara Lynch de la Serna, who had been among those who had rushed to La Coubre to help the victims.
I saw him step forward with this absolute look of steely defiance as Fidel spoke,
Korda said later. It was only a brief moment that I had. I managed to shoot two frames and then he was gone.
It was only a brief moment that I had. I managed to shoot two frames and then he was gone.
There was good reason for Guevara to be on stage with Castro. They had been through much together. Earlier that day Korda had taken photos of both men leading a funeral procession for those killed in the harbor. Guevara