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    A Guide to the Dry Plate Process of Photography - Camera Series Vol. XVII.: A Selection of Classic Articles on Collodion, Drying, the Bath and Other Aspects of the Dry Plate Process
    A Guide to the Dry Plate Process of Photography - Camera Series Vol. XVII.: A Selection of Classic Articles on Collodion, Drying, the Bath and Other Aspects of the Dry Plate Process
    A Guide to the Dry Plate Process of Photography - Camera Series Vol. XVII.: A Selection of Classic Articles on Collodion, Drying, the Bath and Other Aspects of the Dry Plate Process
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    A Guide to the Dry Plate Process of Photography - Camera Series Vol. XVII.: A Selection of Classic Articles on Collodion, Drying, the Bath and Other Aspects of the Dry Plate Process

    By Read Books Ltd.

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    About this ebook

    This book contains classic material dating back to the 1900s and before. The content has been carefully selected for its interest and relevance to a modern audience. Carefully selecting the best articles from our collection we have compiled a series of historical and informative publications on the subject of photography. The titles in this range include "A Guide to Portrait Photography" "A Photographer's Guide to Printing" "A Guide to Landscape Photography" and many more. Each publication has been professionally curated and includes all details on the original source material. This particular instalment, "A Guide to the Dry Plate Process of Photography" contains information on collodion, drying, the bath and much more. It is intended to illustrate the main aspects of the dry plate process and serves as a guide for anyone wishing to obtain a general knowledge of the subject and understand the field in its historical context. We are republishing these classic works in affordable, high quality, modern editions, using the original text and artwork.
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherRead Books Ltd.
    Release dateAug 26, 2016
    ISBN9781473357501
    A Guide to the Dry Plate Process of Photography - Camera Series Vol. XVII.: A Selection of Classic Articles on Collodion, Drying, the Bath and Other Aspects of the Dry Plate Process

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      Book preview

      A Guide to the Dry Plate Process of Photography - Camera Series Vol. XVII. - Read Books Ltd.

      COLLODION DRY PLATE PROCESSES

      THERE are manipulations common to all collodion dry plate processes, and it is proposed to detail them here, instead of repeating them with each process. 1st. The plate is cleaned. 2nd. It is given a substratum, or edging, to cause adhesion of the film during development. 3rd. The plate is coated with collodion, and sensitised; or it may be coated with collodion containing the sensitive salts in suspension. 4th. It is coated with a preservative after washing. 5th. It is dried. 6th. It is exposed. 7th. It is developed, toned, and varnished.

      Edging the Plate, or giving it a Substratum.—A plate may be edged with albumen, gelatine, or india-rubber; or the surface may receive a fine coating of any of these bodies, in order to cause adhesion of the film to it during development and subsequent treatment. It is not always absolutely necessary, when working dry plates, to give either edging or substratum; but, as a rule, it is advisable.

      When a substratum is to be given to the plates, they should not be polished by the silk handkerchief. It is better to soak them first in potash, then in a dilute solution of nitric acid, and finally to rinse them thoroughly in pure distilled water. They should then be placed in a rack on clean blotting-paper, and be allowed to dry spontaneously. If albumen be employed as the substratum, the following should be made up:—

      The albumen and water should be well shaken together in a bottle for five minutes, and then filtered through fine filter-paper or well-washed tow. The funnel should be lowered nearly to the bottom of the beaker into which the albumen is filtered, to prevent the formation of air-bubbles.

      Another plan of preparing albumen for a substratum is due to Mr. Ackland, and described by Mr. Brooks.

      The whites of fresh eggs are collected, and to every 8 ounces 1 ounce of water and 24 drops of glacial acetic acid are added, by pouring it into the albumen in a fine stream, and stirring evenly with a glass rod for one or two minutes. The albumen should on no account be beaten or whisked up, or the resulting preparation will be milky. It is allowed to rest one hour or more, and is then strained through coarse muslin or cheese cloth. To the strained albumen is added 1 drachm of the strongest liquid ammonia (·880), when it can be put away in corked bottles and kept for use.

      To make a substratum, Mr. Brooks takes—

      A convenient method of applying albumen is that described by Mr. Valentine Blanchard. A brush is made of swansdown calico, as follows:—A strip of glass, about six inches long by two broad, should be procured, and round one end should be attached, by means of thread or by an india-rubber band, a double fold of swansdown calico. This brush should be dipped in the albumen, and the excess squeezed out against the beaker. The plate should then be brushed smoothly down the surface in parallel lines to within one-eighth of an inch of its edges, set up to dry on blotting-paper, and protected from dust. When dry (which it should be allowed to do spontaneously), the plate will be ready for the collodion.

      Fig. 138.

      Some prefer to flow the plate with the albumen solution. This is best done on a plate which has been well cleaned but not polished, and which has been subsequently moistened with distilled or rain water. Whilst still wet, the albumen should be flowed over the surface as in coating a plate with collodion, and the surplus fluid returned to the stock bottle through the filter.

      Another albumen substratum which is very efficient for collodion emulsion and gelatine emulsion plates is as follows:—

      These are mixed, and, after allowing any precipitate to settle, the solution is flowed over the plate. With this—as, indeed, with all substrata—the plates are freed from any tear-marking containing nuclei of dust, if they are dried off over a Bunsen burner or a hot fire. We prefer this last substratum for all processes in which the albumen is not coagulated by silver nitrate, as in all such (as in the washed collodion emulsion process) the albumen is apt to be washed off the plate when applying the preservative, and its application thus rendered nugatory.

      Another substratum which gives even better results than the albumen by itself is the following:—

      The gelatine should be first softened in half the cold water, and then dissolved by adding the remaining half in a boiling state. When cool, the ammonia should be added, and afterwards the solution should be filtered. It is advisable to make it up fresh as required. The addition of one ounce of alcohol has been recommended; the writer has failed to obtain any practical advantage by its employment. The substratum is applied as directed above.

      Dr. Vogel gives another substratum, which is also efficacious, and easily applied:—

      I.

      are placed in a bottle and warmed till solution takes place. This keeps a month.

      II.

      is next prepared.

      and filter; coat the plates, after cleaning and drying, as with collodion, and allow the substratum to dry.

      We have used a stronger solution, and found it also to give the required

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