Quantum Inspired Computational Intelligence: Research and Applications
()
About this ebook
Quantum Inspired Computational Intelligence: Research and Applications explores the latest quantum computational intelligence approaches, initiatives, and applications in computing, engineering, science, and business. The book explores this emerging field of research that applies principles of quantum mechanics to develop more efficient and robust intelligent systems. Conventional computational intelligence—or soft computing—is conjoined with quantum computing to achieve this objective. The models covered can be applied to any endeavor which handles complex and meaningful information.
- Brings together quantum computing with computational intelligence to achieve enhanced performance and robust solutions
- Includes numerous case studies, tools, and technologies to apply the concepts to real world practice
- Provides the missing link between the research and practice
Siddhartha Bhattacharyya
Siddhartha Bhattacharyya is a Senior Researcher in the Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science of VSB Technical University of Ostrava, Czech Republic. He is also serving as the Scientific Advisor of Algebra University College, Zagreb, Croatia. Prior to this, he served as the Principal of Rajnagar Mahavidyalaya, Rajnagar, Birbhum. He was a professor at CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, India, and also served as the Principal of RCC Institute of Information Technology, Kolkata, India. He is the recipient of several coveted national and international awards. He received the Honorary Doctorate Award (D. Litt.) from the University of South America and the SEARCC International Digital Award ICT Educator of the Year in 2017. He was appointed as the ACM Distinguished Speaker for the tenure 2018-2020. He has been appointed as the IEEE Computer Society Distinguished Visitor for the tenure 2021-2023. He has co-authored six books, co-edited 75 books, and has more than 300 research publications in international journals and conference proceedings to his credit.
Related to Quantum Inspired Computational Intelligence
Related ebooks
Swarm Intelligence and Bio-Inspired Computation: Theory and Applications Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsMachine Learning for Future Fiber-Optic Communication Systems Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsQuantum Information Processing, Quantum Computing, and Quantum Error Correction: An Engineering Approach Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsSuper Logic Modern Mathematics: Classical Mathematics Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsQuantum Electronics: Maser Amplifiers and Oscillators Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsSurfaces and Interfaces: Physics and Electronics Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsIt Might as Well Be String Theory: The Hexology in Seven parts, #3 Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsAn AGI Brain for a Robot Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsNumerical Mathematics and Applications Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsUltimate Computing: Biomolecular Consciousness and NanoTechnology Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Essentials of Lasers: The Commonwealth and International Library: Selected Readings in Physics Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Short Range Anti-Gravitational Force and the Hierarchically Stratified Space-Time Geometry in 12 Dimensions Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsInstead of the ITER project and the TOKAMAK principle: – a new type of fusion machine Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5Introduction to Electron and Ion Optics Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsMathematical Experiments on the Computer Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsModern Anti-windup Synthesis: Control Augmentation for Actuator Saturation Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5Introduction to Group Theory with Applications: Materials Science and Technology Rating: 1 out of 5 stars1/5Electromass: The Same Principles at Every Scale Rating: 3 out of 5 stars3/5The Reality of Time, and Einstein’s Spider Web Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Geometry of Universal Mind - Volume Three Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsDeviations Rating: 3 out of 5 stars3/5Atomic and Molecular Manipulation Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsUnified Field Theory: The Psychology of Relativity Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsMarkov Decision Process: Fundamentals and Applications Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsElements of Analytical Dynamics Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsQuantum Chance: Nonlocality, Teleportation and Other Quantum Marvels Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Neural Networks and Pattern Recognition Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5Photon-Atom Interactions Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsWi-Fi and the Bad Boys of Radio: Dawn of a Wireless Technology Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsBACK TO REALITY Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratings
Intelligence (AI) & Semantics For You
Midjourney Mastery - The Ultimate Handbook of Prompts Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5101 Midjourney Prompt Secrets Rating: 3 out of 5 stars3/5Creating Online Courses with ChatGPT | A Step-by-Step Guide with Prompt Templates Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Mastering ChatGPT: 21 Prompts Templates for Effortless Writing Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5Killer ChatGPT Prompts: Harness the Power of AI for Success and Profit Rating: 2 out of 5 stars2/5The Insane ChatGPT Millionaire Guide Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsChatGPT For Fiction Writing: AI for Authors Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5The Secrets of ChatGPT Prompt Engineering for Non-Developers Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5Chat-GPT Income Ideas: Pioneering Monetization Concepts Utilizing Conversational AI for Profitable Ventures Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5ChatGPT For Dummies Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsTensorFlow in 1 Day: Make your own Neural Network Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Dancing with Qubits: How quantum computing works and how it can change the world Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5ChatGPT: The Future of Intelligent Conversation Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5ChatGPT Ultimate User Guide - How to Make Money Online Faster and More Precise Using AI Technology Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsHacking : Guide to Computer Hacking and Penetration Testing Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5Artificial Intelligence: A Guide for Thinking Humans Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/510 Great Ways to Earn Money Through Artificial Intelligence(AI) Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5Enterprise AI For Dummies Rating: 3 out of 5 stars3/5Humans Need Not Apply: A Guide to Wealth & Work in the Age of Artificial Intelligence Rating: 3 out of 5 stars3/5What Makes Us Human: An Artificial Intelligence Answers Life's Biggest Questions Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5A Quickstart Guide To Becoming A ChatGPT Millionaire: The ChatGPT Book For Beginners (Lazy Money Series®) Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5
Reviews for Quantum Inspired Computational Intelligence
0 ratings0 reviews
Book preview
Quantum Inspired Computational Intelligence - Siddhartha Bhattacharyya
us.
Part I
Research
Chapter 1
Quantum neural computation of entanglement is robust to noise and decoherence
E.C. Behrman; N.H. Nguyen; J.E. Steck; M. McCann Wichita State University, Wichita, KS, United States
Abstract
Measurement and witnesses of entanglement remain an important issue in quantum computing. Most witnesses will work for only a very restricted class of states, while measurements commonly require lengthy procedures. Quantum neural entanglement indicators are both more general and easier to implement. The neural network entanglement indicator can be used for a pure or a mixed state, and the system need not be close
to any particular state; moreover, as the size of the system grows, the amount of additional training necessary diminishes. Here we show that the indicator is stable to noise and decoherence.
Keywords
Quantum algorithm; Entanglement; Dynamic learning; Noise; Decoherence
Acknowledgments
This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under grant no. NSF PHY05-51164, through the KITP Scholars program (E.C.B.), at the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States.
1 Introduction and Literature Background
The use and manipulation of entanglement is central to the exploitation of quantum computation (see, e.g., [1–8]). The quantum system obviously knows
what its own entanglement is, although extraction of that information is not obvious; thus we use dynamic learning methods [9, 10] to map this information onto a single experimental measurement which is our entanglement indicator [11]. Our method does not require prior state reconstruction or lengthy optimization [4, 5] nor must the system be close
to a given entangled state [7]. An entanglement witness emerges from the learning process. We use knowledge of the smaller two-qubit system as a means of bootstrapping
to larger systems [12]. As the size of the system grows, the amount of additional training necessary diminishes [13, 14], unlike in other methods, for example, which require knowledge or reconstruction of the density matrix [1–3]; thus our method potentially may be of general applicability even to large-scale quantum computers, once they have been built.
In any experimental implementation, we need also to consider that no setup is perfect: there will always be some uncertainty due to extraneous effects. The problem of fault tolerance in quantum computing has received considerable attention. One approach is to design fault-tolerant algorithms [15]. Another is to implement feedback control [16, 17]. Still another is to use repeated weak measurement [18]. Dong et al. [19] use an approach in some ways similar to ours that they call sampling-based learning control.
Several authors have established robustness of quantum computing to noise [20]. In quantum systems there is also the problem of decoherence. Under certain conditions [17, 21] or for certain classes of problems [20, 22] quantum computers can be robust to decoherence.
Over the past couple of decades interest has grown in the use of a machine learning or neural network approach to quantum computing [23]. Several different approaches have been used [19, 20, 24–27]. For example, Bisio et al. [26] trained a network to reproduce an unknown (unitary) transformation. We imagine, instead, that we have a particular quantity (here the entanglement) that we wish to measure, and we train the network to give an indicator of that quantity.
Machine learning [19, 24, 25] shows particular promise for dealing with general problems. Classically learning systems such as neural networks have proven fault tolerant and robust to noise; they are also famously used for noise reduction in signals [28]. A machine learning approach would seem to be an excellent one for issues such as noise, decoherence, or missing or damaged data. Here we show that this is in fact the case, using as a test bed our entanglement indicator on the simple two-qubit system.
2 Dynamic Learning of an Entanglement Indicator
In previous work we showed we could successfully train a quantum system to estimate its own degree of entanglement, by mapping a measurable output at the final time, to give an indicator of the entanglement of the prepared, initial state. Briefly, the method was as follows; for full details the reader is referred to [11, 13, 14, 29, 30]
We begin with the Schrödinger equation for the time evolution of the density matrix ρ [31]:
(1)
where H is the Hamiltonian. We consider an N-qubit system whose Hamiltonian is
(2)
where {σ} are the Pauli operators corresponding to each of the qubits, {K} are the tunneling amplitudes, {ε} are the biases, and {ζ} are the qubit-qubit couplings. We choose the usual charge basis,
in which each qubit’s state is given as 0 or 1; for a system of N qubits there are 2N states, each labeled by a bit string, each of whose numbers corresponds to the state of each qubit, in order. The amplitude for each qubit to tunnel to its opposing state (i.e., switch between the 0 and 1 states) is its K value; each qubit has an external bias represented by its ε value; and each qubit is coupled to each of the other qubits, with a strength represented by the appropriate ζ value. Note that, for example, the operator σx1 = σx ⊗ I … ⊗ I, where there are (N − 1) outer products, acts nontrivially only on qubit 1.
The parameter functions {K(t), ε(t), ζ(t)} direct the time evolution of the system in the sense that if at least one of them is changed, the way a given initial state will evolve in time will also change because of Eqs. (1) and (2). This is the basis for the use of our quantum system as a neural network. The role of the input vector is played by the initial density matrix ρ(0), the role of the output is played by (some function of) the density matrix at the final time, ρ(tf), and the role of the weights
of the network is played by the parameter functions of the Hamiltonian, {K, ε, ζ}, all of which can be adjusted experimentally [8]. By adjusting these parameters using a machine learning algorithm, we can train the system to evolve in time from an input state to a set of particular final states at the final time tf. Because the time evolution is quantum mechanical (and, we assume, coherent), a quantum mechanical function, like an entanglement witness of the initial state, can be mapped to an observable of the system’s final state, a measurement made at the final time tf. Complete details, including a derivation of the quantum dynamic learning paradigm using quantum backpropagation [9] in time [10], are given in [11]. We call this quantum system a quantum neural network