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    Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Ebook106 pages1 hour

    Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions

    By Kenneth Kee

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    About this ebook

    Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) is a medical group of related diseases which occur in children before the age of 16 years.
    It is a chronic disorder which results in joint pain and swelling.
    The cause is believed to be the result of an autoimmune illness.
    This suggests that the body cells attacks and destroys healthy joint tissue by mistake.
    JRA most often occurs before age 16.
    Symptoms may begin as early as 6 months old.
    There are three main types of JRA:
    1. Pauciarticular JRA affects four or fewer joints, most often the knees, or wrists.
    It also involves the eyes.
    It is the most frequent type of JRA.
    2. Polyarticular JRA affects many joints.
    This type of JRA may become rheumatoid arthritis.
    It may affect five or more large and small joints of the legs and arms, as well as the jaw and neck.
    3. Systemic (bodywide) JRA affects the joint pain or swelling, rash, and fevers.
    It is the least frequent form.
    Symptoms of JRA are:
    1. Swollen, red, or warm joint
    2. Limping or difficulty using a limb
    Diagnosis is confirmed with:
    1. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) raised
    2. ANA and RA factor positive
    3. Full blood count (FBC)
    4. HLA antigens for HLA B27 present
    Aspiration of Joint Fluid may help in the diagnosis and treatment.
    The treatment of JRA is by:
    Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen or naproxen are sufficient to reduce symptoms
    Corticosteroids may be given for more severe joint inflammation
    New disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are used such as methotrexate
    Biologic drugs, such as such as infliximab, etanercept are even more helpful
    Children with JRA need to stay active.
    There is no cure for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.

    Table of Content
    Introduction
    Chapter 1 Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis
    Chapter 2 Causes
    Chapter 3 Symptoms
    Chapter 4 Diagnosis
    Chapter 5 Treatment
    Chapter 6 Prognosis
    Chapter 7 Rheumatoid Arthritis
    Chapter 8 Reiter Syndrome
    Epilogue

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherKenneth Kee
    Release dateOct 28, 2016
    ISBN9781370134472
    Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Author

    Kenneth Kee

    Medical doctor since 1972.Started Kee Clinic in 1974 at 15 Holland Dr #03-102, relocated to 36 Holland Dr #01-10 in 2009.Did my M.Sc (Health Management ) in 1991 and Ph.D (Healthcare Administration) in 1993.Dr Kenneth Kee is still working as a family doctor at the age of 74However he has reduced his consultation hours to 3 hours in the morning and 2 hours inthe afternoon.He first started writing free blogs on medical disorders seen in the clinic in 2007 on http://kennethkee.blogspot.com.His purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of his patients which is also his dissertation for his Ph.D (Healthcare Administration). He then wrote an autobiography account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.comThis autobiography account “A Family Doctor’s Tale” was combined with his early “A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders” into a new Wordpress Blog “A Family Doctor’s Tale” on http://ken-med.com.From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 1000 eBooks.He apologized for typos and spelling mistakes in his earlier books.He will endeavor to improve the writing in futures.Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.The later books go into more details of medical disorders.He has published 1000 eBooks on various subjects on health, 1 autobiography of his medical journey, another on the autobiography of a Cancer survivor, 2 children stories and one how to study for his nephew and grand-daughter.The purpose of these simple guides is to educate patient on health disorders and not meant as textbooks.He does not do any night duty since 2000 ever since Dr Tan had his second stroke.His clinic is now relocated to the Buona Vista Community Centre.The 2 units of his original clinic are being demolished to make way for a new Shopping Mall.He is now doing some blogging and internet surfing (bulletin boards since the 1980's) startingwith the Apple computer and going to PC.The entire PC is upgraded by himself from XT to the present Pentium duo core.The present Intel i7 CPU is out of reach at the moment because the CPU is still expensive.He is also into DIY changing his own toilet cistern and other electric appliance.His hunger for knowledge has not abated and he is a lifelong learner.The children have all grown up and there are 2 grandchildren who are even more technically advanced than the grandfather where mobile phones are concerned.This book is taken from some of the many articles in his blog (now with 740 posts) A Family Doctor’s Tale.Dr Kee is the author of:"A Family Doctor's Tale""Life Lessons Learned From The Study And Practice Of Medicine""Case Notes From A Family Doctor"

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      Book preview

      Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions - Kenneth Kee

      Juvenile Rheumatoid

      Arthritis,

      A

      Simple

      Guide

      To

      The Condition,

      Diagnosis,

      Treatment

      And

      Related Conditions

      By

      Dr Kenneth Kee

      M.B.,B.S. (Singapore)

      Ph.D (Healthcare Administration)

      Copyright Kenneth Kee 2015 Smashwords Edition

      Published by Kenneth Kee at Smashwords.com

      Dedication

      This book is dedicated

      To my wife Dorothy

      And my children

      Carolyn, Grace

      And Kelvin

      This book describes the Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases which is seen in some of my patients in my Family Clinic.

      (What You Need to Treat Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis)

      This eBook is licensed for the personal enjoyment only. This eBook may not be re-sold or given away to other people. If you would like to share this book with another person, please purchase an additional copy for each reader.

      If you’re reading this book and did not purchase it, or it was not purchased for your use only, then please return to Smashwords.com and purchase your own copy.

      Thank you for respecting the hard work of this author.

      Introduction

      I have been writing medical articles for my blog http://kennethkee.blogspot.com (A Simple Guide to Medical Condition) for the benefit of my patients since 2007.

      My purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of my patients.

      Health Education was also my dissertation for my Ph.D (Healthcare Administration).

      I then wrote an autobiolographical account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.com.

      This autobiolographical account A Family Doctor’s Tale was combined with my early A Simple Guide to Medical Conditions into a new Wordpress Blog A Family Doctor’s Tale on http://ken-med.com.

      From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 700 amazon kindle books and some into Smashwords.com eBooks.

      Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.

      For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.

      The later books go into more details of medical conditions.

      The first chapter is always from my earlier blogs which unfortunately tends to have typos and spelling mistakes.

      Since 2013, I have tried to improve my spelling and writing.

      As I tried to bring you the latest information about a condition or illness by reading the latest journals both online and offline, I find that I am learning more and improving on my own medical knowledge in diagnosis and treatment for my patients.

      Just by writing all these simple guides I find that I have learned a lot from your reviews (good or bad), criticism and advice.

      I am sorry for the repetitions in these simple guides as the second chapters onwards have new information as compared to my first chapter taken from my blog.

      I also find repetition definitely help me and maybe some readers to remember the facts in the books more easily.

      I apologize if these repetitions are irritating to some readers.

      Chapter 1

      Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis

      Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) is a medical group of related diseases which occur in children before the age of 16 years.

      It is a chronic disorder which results in joint pain and swelling.

      What are the causes of Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis?

      Causes

      The cause of JRA is not known.

      The cause is believed to be the result of an autoimmune illness.

      This suggests that the body cells attacks and destroys healthy joint tissue by mistake.

      JRA most often occurs before age 16.

      Symptoms may begin as early as 6 months old.

      There are three main types of JRA:

      1. Pauciarticular JRA affects four or fewer joints, most often the knees, or wrists.

      It also involves the eyes.

      It is the most frequent type of JRA.

      2. Polyarticular JRA affects many joints.

      This type of JRA may become rheumatoid arthritis.

      It may affect five or more large and small joints of the legs and arms, as well as the jaw and neck.

      3. Systemic (bodywide) JRA affects the joint pain or swelling, rash, and fevers.

      It is the least frequent form.

      What are the symptoms of JRA?

      Symptoms

      Symptoms of JRA are:

      1. Swollen, red, or warm joint

      2. Limping or difficulty using a limb

      3. Sudden high fever

      4. Rash (on trunk and extremities) that comes and goes with fever

      5. Stiffness, pain, and limited movement in a joint

      5. Body wide symptoms such as pale skin, swollen lymph gland, and sick appearance

      6. JRA can also cause eye problems called iritis, uveitis, iridocyclitis.

      There may be not be any symptoms.

      When eye symptoms occur they are:

      1. Red eyes

      2. Eye pain, which may get worse when looking at light (photophobia)

      3. Vision changes

      How is the diagnosis of JRA made?

      Diagnosis

      The physical exam may indicate the presence of:

      1. Swollen, warm, and tender joints that is painful

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