No Mistakes Grammar, Volume III, More Misused Words
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About this ebook
More Misused Words contains a lot of the same words that Misused Words I and II did, but so much more. In More Misused Words, we address even more redundancies, absolutes, capitals, eponyms, flat adverbs (everybody’s favorite), initialisms and acronyms, Latin abbreviations, mispronunciations, a couple of sticklers like lie/lay/laid/lain, and poisonous/venomous, plurals of compound words (is it mothers-in-law or mother-in-laws? Isn’t one sufficient?), time-consuming phrases, and punctuation.
We’ll have fun tackling these words (they’re not that big), and we’ll address more than just words—we’ll hit on eponyms, odd punctuation, and even a few Latin expressions, such as e.g., ergo, etc., and i.e. (Did I just say ‘ergo’. If I do that again, smack me.)
I know you think you are familiar with these, but despite their ubiquitousness (Smack me for that also.), there might be a few odd rules that pertain to using Latin expressions that you’re not familiar with. It’s worthwhile to learn them (especially if you intend to write).
Giacomo Giammatteo
Giacomo Giammatteo lives in Texas, where he and his wife run an animal sanctuary and take care of 41 loving rescues. By day, he works as a headhunter in the medical device industry, and at night, he writes.
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No Mistakes Grammar, Volume III, More Misused Words - Giacomo Giammatteo
Misused Words
As always , I use this symbol--🐗--to indicate a tip or something important, so when you see that symbol, pay attention. Besides that, it's Dennis, my four-hundred-pound wild boar, and he would be unhappy if you didn't.
In this third edition of No Mistakes Grammar, I have once again spent a little time not only on misused words but also on redundancies, absolutes, eponyms, flat adverbs, acronyms, mispronunciations, and punctuation. I think you'll enjoy the diversity.
And once again, some of the material (such as mispronunciations) is a repeat from previous books, but it's because I felt the lesson was needed. If you feel you have a handle on it, skip that chapter. If not, take a refresher.
Words
Abjure /adjure
Unless you write historical fiction or fantasy books, I doubt you'll have much use for either of these words, but just in case . . .
Abjure--to renounce or give up under oath.
After the wizard lost his powers, he abjured all titles or claims to power, choosing to hide out in a remote mountain village.
Adjure--to command sincerely; to make a person swear an oath or threaten them with harm to do something.
During the Spanish Inquisition, the interrogators adjured the people to swear to the truth under penalty of death.
Acute/chronic
Some use acute and chronic interchangeably, but they have distinctly different meanings.
Acute means sharp,
but as in an acute care center, it's where you might take your child for an emergency. If you smash your finger with a hammer, it would cause acute (sharp) pain.
Chronic, on the other hand, means long-term,
as in He suffered from chronic fatigue (long-term fatigue).
Or chronic back pain or chronic indigestion.
🐗 You might start out with chronic bronchitis and have a chronic cough, but the cough might cause you to break a rib, which would bring acute pain.
Acute can also mean other things, as in the measurement of an angle less than ninety degrees, or keen intellectual perception (especially of subtle distinctions), or acute hearing--the ability to distinguish the slightest sounds.
Adherence/adherents
Adherence--the act of adhering, or showing allegiance,
as in adherence to a political party. Or stick to,
as in adhere to the letter of the law.
Adherents--people who uphold a faction. Glue is an adherent.
The GOP has strong adherents.
Are/our
Are and our (and even hour) are often mixed up--and not just by English-as-a-second-language learners. It may stem from the way many people pronounce the words, though if done properly, there is a distinct difference.
Anyway, to get into the differences, are is a present tense form of the verb to be.
I don't like using grammar to explain grammar, so let's try some examples.
We are going to the mall.
You are her cousin.
Are you coming with us? (It's pronounced similar to the letter r.)
Our is a possessive. It is used to indicate ownership:
That is our car.
We just purchased our first house.
You are our friend.
Hour is a measurement of time equaling sixty minutes.
🐗 The easy way to remember this is that our with the o means ownership.
Attain/obtain
Obtain--get something, an object, something physical.
Attain--to reach a goal, put effort into acquiring something abstract.
He attained moral superiority.
She attained her goal of becoming a vice president by the age of thirty.
I've seen disagreement on the finer definitions of these words, with some stating that obtain means to acquire through effort,
but you can obtain anything in any manner. You might obtain a bottle of beer or a pack of cigarettes by buying it, yet it seems as if you must attain something (usually abstract) through hard work.
🐗 Remember that obtain usually refers to an object and that both begin with ob. On the other hand, attain usually refers to something abstract and both begin with a.
Auger/augur
An auger is a tool used to drill or bore holes. It can also be used as a verb, meaning to drill or bore.
I have an auger on the back of my tractor. It's how I drill holes for fence posts.
Augur--as a noun, a seer or prophet.
As a verb, to make predictions, usually from omens or signs.
In ancient times, augurs were often consulted before important decisions were made.
🐗 Remember that an augur is a person and that an auger is a tool. So, you consult an augur and use an auger.
Avenge/revenge
Avenge--usually means to inflict punishment
or to mete out justice in retribution.
He avenged his son's murder by getting the killer convicted and sentenced to death.
Revenge--to take vengeance or retaliate for injuries or wrongs that were either real or that you thought were real.
He committed murder to take revenge for his son's death.
Note: The best explanation for the distinction between the two is the quote by Samuel Johnson: Revenge is an act of passion; vengeance of justice. Injuries are revenged; crimes are avenged.
Baited/bated
Baited--you can bait a trap or a (fishing) hook, or you can bait a person into a fight or into something illegal (or anything a person wouldn't ordinarily do).
She relentlessly baited him until he finally broke the law.
Bated--to lessen the force or intensity of.
He waited with bated breath. (Not He waited with baited breath.
)
🐗 Remember that baited has the word bait in it, and you use bait to catch an animal or set a trap.
Bazaar/bizarre
A bazaar is a place where goods are offered for sale (often outdoors).
The church organized a bazaar to raise money for the homeless.
Bizarre--unusual or not ordinary.
Her lip piercings, combined with her red and blue hair, presented a bizarre sight.
🐗 Remember that bazaar has an a in it, and so does fair. And bizarre has an e and an i and so does weird.
Bit/bitten
I overheard a friend of mine say that his daughter was bit by a dog the other day. It's a shame that the dog bit her, but she wasn't bit; she was bitten.
Without getting too technical, bit is the simple past tense, and bitten is the past participle and is used with an auxiliary verb, i.e., a helping verb. (Note that my intentional use of i.e. was to demonstrate that an auxiliary verb and helping verb are the same. Examples might better serve the point here.)
"The dog bit her. But . . .
She was bitten by the dog."
🐗 If there is a helping verb in the sentence, the word you are probably looking for is bitten. You can get a full list of helping verbs at wikipedia.com.
Born/borne
Born--to be birthed or brought into existence.
The baby was born out of wedlock.
Borne--transmitted by, as in malaria is a mosquito-borne disease.
(Used in this sense, borne is part of a hyphenated word.)
Bring and Take/Come and Go
The basics of bring and take are simple. It all depends on location. You bring