The Scrum Guide Unfolds: Agile Software Development, #2
By Maik Seyfert
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About this ebook
Scrum is based on a set core of values, principles, roles, and practices. This book sets to highlight these different aspects of Scrum. It is a good read to people new to Scrum and want to learn what it is all about. Experienced people who have used Scrum before will also find the information helpful as it dives deeper into the practices in Scrum.
This book is not meant to replace the Scrum Guide. It is a complementary resource meant to help teams implement Scrum practices. It is meant to help Scrum teams understand the basic principles behind Scrum and implement them for maximum effectiveness. What is covered in this book goes beyond the Scrum Guide to offer deeper insights into the benefits and pitfalls of the concepts, tools, and practices.
Table of contents
Introduction
1. What is Scrum?
1.1 History of Scrum
1.2 Underlying Principles of Scrum
1.3 Strengths and Benefits of Scrum
1.4 What Projects are Best Suited for Scrum?
1.5. Scrum Pillars
1.6. Scrum Values
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2. The Scrum Roles and their Interactions
2.1. Product Owner
2.2. The Scrum Master
2.3. Characteristics of a great Scrum Master
2.4. The Developer Team
2.5. Factors limiting the effectiveness of a team
2.6. Characteristics of a great development team
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3. Ceremonies and Timeboxes
3.1. Scrum Release Planning Meeting
3.2. The Sprint
3.3. Sprint Planning
3.4. Daily Scrum
3.5. Sprint Review
3.6. Sprint Retrospective
3.7. Backlog Refinement/Grooming
3.8 The Three Amigos
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4. Scrum Artifacts
4.1. The Product Backlog
4.2. Sprint Backlog
4.3. Software Increment
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5. Transparency
5.1 Artifact Transparency
5.2. Transparency supporting factors
5.3. Definition of Done
5.4. How to Profit from Scrum’s Transparency
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6. Scrum Implements the Agile Manifesto
6.1. Individuals and Interactions over Processes and Tools
6.2. Working software over comprehensive documentation
6.3. Customer Collaboration over Contract Negotiation
6.4. Responding to Change over Following a Plan
Conclusion
About the Author
The author, Maik Seyfert, is an Agile practitioner and coach with 10 years real project experience, which he offers to everyone with this book.
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The Scrum Guide Unfolds - Maik Seyfert
What is Scrum?
Scrum is a simple and flexible software development methodology or framework. Scrum framework introduces alternatives to traditional project management systems such as Waterfall or Sequential development. Unlike the other methodologies, Scrum is an agile framework which is highly optimized to react to any changes within the development process to suit the vision of the product owners.
Among all agile methodologies, Scrum is the most popular. It is adaptive, iterative, flexible, fast and effective in delivering value to the development process. Versatility of Scrum ensures that it is not only used in software development but across other industries including those offering services. It can be used in all types of industries and in various projects from simple ones to more complex ones. Scrum ensures that a project archives continuous progress through transparent communication and collective accountability.
In Scrum, there are numerous opportunities for the product owners and the team to access the direction the project is taking within the development cycle. This is one of the major benefits of this methodology. Contrast this to the other methodologies where the product owner who has the vision for the product isn’t in constant communication with the team thus leading to the possibility of a mismatch between the vision and the product. This can be quite expensive in terms of time and money. In Scrum, the team is in constant communication, any impediment, weakness, and risks are easily spotted and remedial actions taken.
History of Scrum
The concept of scrum dates backs to the mid 80’s when Hirotaka Takeuchi and Ikujiro Nonaka, two acknowledged management thinkers presented a paper titled ‘The New Product Development Game.’ these two used the word Scrum to denote the importance of a team. Scrum is used in rugby, which is a team sport. In rugby scrum, teammates come together in an interlocking manner to restart play. They thus drew parallels between a team sport like rugby and working as a team in new product development. The team passes the ball back and forth till they achieve their common goal. The paper went further to show that when teams are fed with objective rather than task, they self-organize in a manner that enables them best archive these objectives. They argued that the best performing teams are those that are given the direction to take and are left to devise their own strategies for achieving the joint objective. It can be said that teams require a high sense of autonomy to achieve excellence.
In the mid 90’s, Ken Schwaber and Jeff Sutherland picked on the scrum concept and elaborated it especially on its applicability to software development. They did a presentation titled ‘The SCRUM Development Process’ at the Object-Oriented Programming, Systems, Languages & Applications (OOPSLA) conference held in 1995 in Austin, Texas. At this point, the Scrum methodology gained a strong foothold. Many experts came in and refined it. It was adopted by many organizations globally.
In February 2001, 17 software development leaders among then Ken and Jeff created the Agile Manifesto for Software Development. Shortly after, the Scrum Alliance was founded.
There have been important contributions to Scrum by Mike Cohn who introduced user stories as a tool for describing client goals of work. Story points were also introduced as a way of measuring the quantity of work. In case I have lost you with these terms, we shall be looking at them in the next chapter.
Underlying Principles of Scrum
The scrum principles must be adhered to ensure that the Scrum framework/methodology is implemented effectively. This then ensures that the objectives of the project are achieved. Scrum principles can be applied in various projects not necessarily software development with much success. The six Scrum principles are:
Empirical Process Control
Empirical control means that decisions in Scrum are made by observing and experimentation rather than detailed upfront planning. To do this, we need transparency, inspection and adaptation. In transparency, information flows freely throughout the organization thus creating an open culture. Inspection is archived through the use of a common Scrum board as well as a collection of feedback from all stakeholders. The product owner will also inspect deliverables. After transparency and inspection, all stakeholders will learn and hence adapt by making the necessary improvements.
Self-organization
In Scrum, teams that are self-organized deliver greater value than others. This is because of the feeling of shared ownership. When a team buys into the vision of the product owner, and are allowed to self-organize in the best way to achieve the desired goals, they are likely to perform much better. They also accept greater responsibility