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    Clojure for Java Developers
    Clojure for Java Developers
    Clojure for Java Developers
    Ebook308 pages2 hours

    Clojure for Java Developers

    By Díaz Eduardo

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    About this ebook

    Transition smoothly from Java to the most widely used functional JVM-based language – Clojure

    About This Book

    - Write apps for the multithreaded world with Clojure’s flavor of functional programming
    - Discover Clojure’s features and advantages and use them in your existing projects
    - The book is designed so that you’ll be able put to use your existing skills and software knowledge to become a more effective Clojure developer

    Who This Book Is For

    This book is intended for Java developers, who are looking for a way to expand their skills and understand new paradigms of programming. Whether you know a little bit about functional languages, or you are just getting started, this book will get you up and running with how to use your existing skills in Clojure and functional programming.

    What You Will Learn

    - Understand the tools for the Clojure world and how they relate to Java tools and standards (like Maven)
    - Learn about immutable data structures, and what makes them feasible for everyday programming
    - Write simple multi-core programs using Clojure’s core concepts, like atoms, agents and refs
    - Understand that in Clojure, code is data, and how to take advantage of that fact by generating and manipulating code with macros
    - Learn how Clojure interacts with Java, how the class loaders work and how to use Clojure from Java or the other way around
    - Discover a new, more flexible meaning of polymorphism and understand that OOP is not the only way to get it

    In Detail

    We have reached a point where machines are not getting much faster, software projects need to be delivered quickly, and high quality in software is more demanding as ever.
    We need to explore new ways of writing software that helps achieve those goals. Clojure offers a new possibility of writing high quality, multi-core software faster than ever, without having to leave your current platform.
    Clojure for Java developers aims at unleashing the true potential of the Clojure language to use it in your projects. The book begins with the installation and setup of the Clojure environment before moving on to explore the language in-depth. Get acquainted with its various features such as functional programming, concurrency, etc. with the help of example projects. Additionally, you will also, learn how the tooling works, and how it interacts with the Java environment.
    By the end of this book, you will have a firm grip on Clojure and its features, and use them effectively to write more robust programs.

    Style and approach

    An easy to follow, step-by-step, guide on how to start writing Clojure programs making use of all of its varied features and advantages. As this is a new language, certain new concepts are supported with theoretical section followed by simple projects to help you gain a better understanding and practice of how Clojure works.
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherPackt Publishing
    Release dateFeb 23, 2016
    ISBN9781785280412
    Clojure for Java Developers

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      Book preview

      Clojure for Java Developers - Díaz Eduardo

      Table of Contents

      Clojure for Java Developers

      Credits

      About the Author

      About the Reviewer

      www.PacktPub.com

      eBooks, discount offers, and more

      Why subscribe?

      Preface

      What this book covers

      What you need for this book

      Who this book is for

      Conventions

      Reader feedback

      Customer support

      Downloading the example code

      Downloading the color images of this book

      Piracy

      Questions

      1. Getting Started with Clojure

      Getting to know Clojure

      Installing Leiningen

      Using a REPL

      The nREPL protocol

      Hello world

      REPL utilities and conventions

      Creating a new project

      Project structure

      Creating a standalone app

      Using Cursive Clojure

      Installing Cursive Clojure

      Getting started with Clojure code and data

      Lists in Clojure

      Operations in Clojure

      Functions in Clojure

      Clojure's data types

      Scalars

      Collection data types

      Summary

      2. Namespaces, Packages, and Tests

      Namespaces in Clojure

      Packages in Clojure

      The classpath and the classloader

      Back to Clojure namespaces

      Playing with namespaces

      Creating a new namespace

      Working with namespaces on the REPL

      Testing in Clojure

      Testing from the command line

      Testing in IntelliJ

      Summary

      3. Interacting with Java

      Using Maven dependencies

      Clojure interop syntax

      Creating an object

      Calling an instance method

      Calling a static method or function

      Accessing inner classes

      Writing a simple image namespace

      Writing the tests

      The let statement

      Destructuring in Clojure

      Sequential destructuring

      Associative destructuring

      Exposing your code to Java

      Testing from Groovy

      Proxy and reify

      Summary

      4. Collections and Functional Programming

      Basics of functional programming

      Persistent collections

      Types of collections in Clojure

      The sequence abstraction

      Specific collection types in Clojure

      Vectors

      Lists

      Maps

      Sorted maps and hash maps

      Common properties

      Sets

      Sorted sets and hash sets

      Common properties

      Union, difference, and intersection

      Applying functional programming to collections

      The imperative programming model

      The functional paradigm

      Functional programming and immutability

      Laziness

      Summary

      5. Multimethods and Protocols

      Polymorphism in Java

      Multimethods in Clojure

      Keyword hierarchies

      isa?

      parents

      descendants

      underive

      A la carte dispatch functions

      Protocols in Clojure

      Records in Clojure

      Summary

      6. Concurrency

      Using your Java knowledge

      The Clojure model of state and identity

      Promises

      Pulsar and lightweight threads

      Futures

      Software transactional memory and refs

      Atoms

      Agents

      Validators

      Watchers

      core.async

      Why lightweight threads?

      Goblocks

      Channels

      Transducers

      Summary

      7. Macros in Clojure

      Lisp's foundational ideas

      Macros as code modification tools

      Modifying code in Java

      Modifying code in Groovy

      The @ToString annotation

      The @TupleConstructor annotation

      The @Slf4j annotation

      Writing your first macro

      Debugging your first macro

      Quote, syntax quote, and unquoting

      Unquote splicing

      gensym

      Macros in the real world

      References

      Summary

      Index

      Clojure for Java Developers

      Clojure for Java Developers

      Copyright © 2016 Packt Publishing

      All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embedded in critical articles or reviews.

      Every effort has been made in the preparation of this book to ensure the accuracy of the information presented. However, the information contained in this book is sold without warranty, either express or implied. Neither the author, nor Packt Publishing, and its dealers and distributors will be held liable for any damages caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by this book.

      Packt Publishing has endeavored to provide trademark information about all of the companies and products mentioned in this book by the appropriate use of capitals. However, Packt Publishing cannot guarantee the accuracy of this information.

      First published: February 2016

      Production reference: 1190216

      Published by Packt Publishing Ltd.

      Livery Place

      35 Livery Street

      Birmingham B3 2PB, UK.

      ISBN 978-1-78528-150-1

      www.packtpub.com

      Credits

      Author

      Eduardo Díaz

      Reviewers

      Ning Sun

      Nate West

      Commissioning Editor

      Kunal Parikh

      Acquisition Editor

      Usha Iyer

      Content Development Editors

      Neeshma Ramakrishnan

      Kajal Thapar

      Technical Editor

      Saurabh Malhotra

      Copy Editor

      Sneha Singh

      Project Coordinator

      Shweta H. Birwatkar

      Proofreaders

      Safis Editing

      Indexer

      Hemangini Bari

      Production Coordinator

      Shantanu N. Zagade

      Cover Work

      Shantanu N. Zagade

      About the Author

      Eduardo Díaz is a developer with a strong background in the Java language. He has a passion for functional programming and new programming paradigms. His work includes full stack development, systems design, and high volume real time data processing.

      He has worked on every technology related problem you can imagine, as a consultant solving anything related to Java, UNIX, C, or any other strange problem you might have had.

      As a developer, he has been working for around 10 years on Java, Python, Scala, Clojure, in the media, bank, and primarily communications industries.

      He is currently working at Grupo Expansion, a media company, where he helps design and implement a new content delivery platform aiming to empower content editors and encourage developers to find new ways to use data.

      First of all, I would like to thank Neeshma Ramakrishnan and Kajal Thapar at Packt Publishing, they are the best editors, they have an incredible amount of patience and without them, there would be nothing even close to a book.

      I would also like to thank my colleagues and friends at Grupo Expansion, Lucasian Labs, and Javanes; they have helped me grow in every way imaginable. Thanks for everything!

      Last but not the least, thanks to my family for always keeping up with me, cheering me up, believing in me and helping in everything I do, even when it means not seeing me for weeks or months. I truly value your support!

      About the Reviewer

      Ning Sun is a software engineer currently working for a China-based startup, LeanCloud, providing one-stop backend as a service for mobile apps. Being a startup engineer, he has to solve various kinds of problems and play different kinds of roles; however, he has always been an enthusiast for open source technology. He contributes to several open source projects and has also learned a lot from them.

      At LeanCloud, he built a messaging system that supports tens of millions of clients per day. The system is fully powered by Clojure and its ecosystem. He has been an early member of Clojure Chinese community since 2011. He has delivered talks at several meetups and has been very active in the mailing list and open source projects. Ning created Clojure RPC library Slacker, which is widely used at LeanCloud and several other companies.

      He worked on https://Delicious.com in 2013, which is known as one of the most important websites in the early Web 2.0 era.

      He has been a reviewer of two books about Solr at Packt Publishing. Also, he was the reviewer of Programming Clojure, Chinese edition.

      You can always find him on Github.com/sunng87 and Twitter.com/Sunng.

      www.PacktPub.com

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      Preface

      In the last few years, we have seen a widespread tendency to create new languages for JVM. There are all sorts of new languages with different paradigms and different ways of working.

      Clojure is one of those languages, one that we believe is worth learning.

      Over the course of this book, you will learn about Clojure and how opinionated it is. You will learn why immutable objects are not only possible, but it is a good idea to use them.

      You will learn about functional programming and see how it fits the concept of immutable programs.

      You will understand the very powerful idea of representing your code as a data structure of the same language.

      It is important to note that we will build all this knowledge on top of what you already know; this book assumes that you understand the Java language and a bit of how it works. It assumes that you understand how to create classes and objects, how to call methods, and also a bit about the JVM. We will find similarities and differences from the Java language that you already know, so you can understand how the Clojure world works.

      It is said that a great programmer is not the one who knows a lot of different programming languages, it is someone who knows different programming paradigms.

      Clojure brings ideas from Lisp and functional programming, which are different to what you are used to. This book will help you understand the power behind these ideas and why a language so old still exists and has a place.

      Learning Lisp is one of the great pleasures of life, I hope you enjoy it!

      What this book covers

      Chapter 1, Getting Started with Clojure, is your first step with Clojure, from how to install an interpreter, how to use the IntelliJ plugin Cursive Clojure, and how to start writing your first lines of code in Clojure.

      Chapter 2, Namespaces, Packages, and Tests, deals with how every other language needs a way to organize our code. We do it with namespaces, and we start learning by doing little experiments and by comparing with the Java packages we already know.

      Chapter 3, Interacting with Java, discusses the fact that one of the most useful features of Clojure is that it can be hosted on top of other platforms. Java is probably one of the most common platforms, and here we learn how to interact with Java code and libraries and how to expose our Clojure code to Java.

      Chapter 4, Collections and Functional Programming, tells us that functional programming and immutable data structures (or collections) are fundamental to programming in the Clojure language; here we understand how we can write meaningful programs using immutable data structures and how functional programming is ideal for that.

      Chapter 5, Multimethods and Protocols,

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