Challenges and Best Practices of Managing Government Projects and Programs
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Challenges and Best Practices of Managing Government Projects and Programs - Young Hoon Kwak
PMI.
Chapter 1
Introduction
1.1 Motivations and Objectives
Successful implementation of government projects and programs requires a great deal of planning, coordination, and collaboration that should be done through established processes, strong team effort, and involvement of multiple stakeholders. Management of government projects and programs is a challenge for government officials and project managers often because a formal process is not in place, project objectives are not clearly identified, and the costs and benefits of the deliverables are difficult to justify and measure. Government projects and programs also tend to have a long duration, a large budget, multiple stakeholders, and a great deal of uncertainties that make them difficult to plan, implement, and manage effectively.
The application and performance of project and program management in government agencies has been historically poor as reported by the U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO), the UK National Audit Office (NAO), and the Australian National Audit Office (ANAO) and others. Many government projects and programs are prolonged for years, failing to meet the projects’ objectives, wasting taxpayers’ money, or they are abruptly terminated in the midst of planning or implementation. Due to the fact that primary funding for government projects comes partially or entirely from constituents, government projects and programs are often scrutinized and criticized by the general public, which exacerbates the image of government as a whole.
This research investigated recurring problems and challenges leading to the poor performance of government projects. Specifically, the past performance and management challenges of large government projects in developed countries (United States, United Kingdom, and Australia) were studied to evaluate estimating, planning, management, control, and close-out practices of government projects. The study covered both government-initiated and funded projects from three major sectors: transportation and infrastructure; defense and space; and information systems development and deployment. Particular focus was given to large-scale and complex megaprojects and programs as many of the government-initiated and funded projects fall into this category.
By investigating projects and programs of different countries and across sectors, this research identified challenges and problems associated with managing government projects and programs. Previously, organizations have proposed modified approaches for the management of government projects and programs, including PMI's Government Extension to the PMBOK ® Guide Third Edition. The key findings of this study will help practitioners make better decisions when they are involved in large-scale, complex government projects. To provide valuable implications to practitioners, this research suggests key lessons learned and identifies key success factors for effectively managing governmental