Rolls-Royce
By James Taylor
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About this ebook
This is the full story of Britain's premier luxury car-maker, from the early experimental models through the 40/50 Silver Ghost, the Twenty, the Phantoms, the Wraiths and their post-1945 successors, with evocative names such as Silver Shadow and Silver Seraph. It celebrates more than 110 years of car manufacture under the Rolls-Royce brand, revealing how careful management and simple dedication have ensured that the Rolls-Royce name remains a byword for the best of the best.
James Taylor
James Taylor is a writer, podcaster, and jack-of-all-trades media producer. Over the years, he's been a barista, a professional gambler, and a tech support phone jockey. When he's not tucked into a corner at a random Starbucks working on Trouble, you can find him road-tripping around the west coast, drinking a pint of Dunkel by a fire pit, or playing video games in his office when he should be doing something productive. He lives in the Golden State.
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Rolls-Royce - James Taylor
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EARLY DAYS AND THE SILVER GHOST
In the earliest days of motoring, cars were the playthings of the very rich, and were few and far between. They were noisy and unreliable, too, and a successful Manchester engineer called Frederick Henry Royce was deeply disappointed with the second-hand Decauville 10hp that he had bought in 1903.
Henry Royce built three 10hp cars in 1904, and it was the excellence of their construction that attracted the interest of Charles Rolls. This was one of them, pictured at Cooke Street in Manchester in 1904.
Royce was able to buy the French-made car with money from the business he had set up as a young man of 21 in 1884. After training as a railway engineer, he had turned to making electrical items such as lampholders and bell sets, and later moved on to make dynamos and cranes. The business had expanded rapidly because of his insistence on quality and reliability.
He began tinkering with the Decauville, and by the end of March 1904 had designed a much-improved model and built it with the aid of his staff. On 1 April 1904, the first Royce 10hp completed a journey of 15 miles without incident. Two similar prototypes followed, and one went to Henry Edmunds, a director of Royce Ltd. Edmunds was an experienced motorist and, realising how good the new car was, he mentioned it to his friend, the Honourable C.S. Rolls.
Henry Royce ran an electrical business in Manchester before turning to cars. This picture shows him in later years; he was created a baronet in 1930 for his services to British aviation.
Charles Rolls was in business in London as CS Rolls Ltd with Claude Johnson, Secretary of the Royal Automobile Club, importing cars from the European continent. In May 1904 he travelled to Manchester to meet Royce and try the Royce 10hp for himself. There followed an agreement in December that CS Rolls Ltd would take all the cars Royce could build. There were two important stipulations. There was to be a range of four models – 10hp, 15hp, 20hp and 30hp types, as defined by the RAC at the time – and they should all be sold with the name of Rolls-Royce.
The Honourable Charles Stewart Rolls was in business as an importer of cars when he was introduced to Royce. Impressed by the quality of Royce’s 10hp experimental cars, he commissioned a range of cars from him, to be marketed as Rolls‑Royce models.
So Royce made arrangements for production, beginning with his existing 10hp design. He soon increased the size of its 1800cc twin-cylinder engine to 2000cc, and developed the larger models by scaling this up to provide the power that their bigger and heavier chassis needed. So the 15hp Rolls-Royce introduced in 1905 had a three-cylinder engine with 3000cc, the 20hp had four cylinders and 4000cc, and the 30hp had six cylinders and 6000cc. Although build quantities were small – the 20hp proved the most popular, with forty sold in two years – these chassis were very much appreciated by discerning buyers of the day. Clothed with bodywork to individual order by a coachbuilder of the customer’s choice (Rolls-Royce never would provide its own bodies before 1946), they represented the pinnacle of motor car engineering in their time.
This was the first ‘production’ model from Rolls-Royce, a 10hp twin-cylinder car built in 1905. This example belongs to the Science Museum and is usually displayed in the Manchester Museum of Science and Industry.
Royce’s system of using common cylinder dimensions delivered the different sizes that CS Rolls Ltd wanted while avoiding production complications. However, Claude Johnson suggested that an ultra-silent town car to rival the electric town cars of the time might sell well. So in 1905, Royce produced a new engine with a 3500cc capacity and the V8 cylinder configuration then becoming popular in France for both car and aero engines. Three were built; just one was sold; but from this abortive experiment Royce learned lessons that were used on his