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    Biostatistics and Computer-based Analysis of Health Data Using SAS
    Biostatistics and Computer-based Analysis of Health Data Using SAS
    Biostatistics and Computer-based Analysis of Health Data Using SAS
    Ebook236 pages1 hour

    Biostatistics and Computer-based Analysis of Health Data Using SAS

    By Christophe Lalanne and Mounir Mesbah

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    About this ebook

    This volume of the Biostatistics and Health Sciences Set focuses on statistics applied to clinical research.The use of SAS for data management and statistical modeling is illustrated using various examples. Many aspects of data processing and statistical analysis of cross-sectional and experimental medical data are covered, including regression models commonly found in medical statistics.

    This practical book is primarily intended for health researchers with a basic knowledge of statistical methodology. Assuming basic concepts, the authors focus on the practice of biostatistical methods essential to clinical research, epidemiology and analysis of biomedical data (including comparison of two groups, analysis of categorical data, ANOVA, linear and logistic regression, and survival analysis). The use of examples from clinical trials and epidemiological studies provide the basis for a series of practical exercises, which provide instruction and familiarize the reader with essential SAS commands.

    • Presents the use of SAS software in the statistical approach for the management of data modeling
    • Includes elements of the language and descriptive statistics
    • Supplies measures of association, comparison of means, and proportions for two or more samples
    • Explores linear and logistic regression
    • Provides survival data analysis
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherElsevier Science
    Release dateJun 22, 2017
    ISBN9780081011713
    Biostatistics and Computer-based Analysis of Health Data Using SAS
    Author

    Christophe Lalanne

    Christophe Lalanne is a Research Engineer at the Paris-Diderot University, France. His research involves the modeling of data from clinical research

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      Book preview

      Biostatistics and Computer-based Analysis of Health Data Using SAS - Christophe Lalanne

      Biostatistics and Computer-based Analysis of Health Data using SAS

      Christophe Lalanne

      Mounir Mesbah

      Biostatistics and Health Science Set

      coordinated by

      Mounir Mesbah

      Table of Contents

      Cover

      Title page

      Copyright

      Introduction

      1: Language Elements

      Abstract

      1.1 Introduction to the SAS language

      1.2 Creating and managing SAS tables

      1.3 Key points to remember

      1.4 Further information

      1.5 Applications

      2: Simple Descriptive Statistics

      Abstract

      2.1 Univariate descriptive statistics: Estimation

      2.2 Bivariate descriptive statistics

      2.3 Key points to remember

      2.4 Further information

      2.5 Applications

      3: Measures of Association, Comparison of Means or Proportions

      Abstract

      3.1 Comparison of two means

      3.2 Comparisons of two proportions with independent samples

      3.3 Measures of association in a contingency table

      3.4 Comparisons of several means

      3.5 Key points to remember

      3.6 Further information

      3.7 Applications

      4: Correlation, Linear Regression

      Abstract

      4.1 Linear correlation

      4.2 Linear regression

      4.3 Key points to remember

      4.4 Further information

      4.5 Applications

      5: Logistic Regression

      Abstract

      5.1 Logistic regression

      5.2 Key points to remember

      5.3 Further information

      5.4 Applications

      6: Survival Curves, Cox Regression

      Abstract

      6.1 Survival curves

      6.2 Cox regression

      6.3 Key points to remember

      6.4 Further information

      6.5 Applications

      Appendix A: Introduction to SAS Studio

      A.1 Dialogue with Dylan to install SAS Studio

      A.2 Comments

      Appendix B: Introduction to SAS Macro

      B.1 Simple examples of SAS/MACRO programs

      B.2 Comments

      Appendix C: Introduction to SAS IML

      C.1 Example of a SAS/IML program

      C.2 Comments

      Bibliography

      Index

      Copyright

      First published 2017 in Great Britain and the United States by ISTE Press Ltd and Elsevier Ltd

      Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms and licenses issued by the CLA. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside these terms should be sent to the publishers at the undermentioned address:

      ISTE Press Ltd

      27-37 St George’s Road

      London SW19 4EU

      UK

      www.iste.co.uk

      Elsevier Ltd

      The Boulevard, Langford Lane

      Kidlington, Oxford, OX5 1GB

      UK

      www.elsevier.com

      Notices

      Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary.

      Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility.

      To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein.

      For information on all our publications visit our website at http://store.elsevier.com/

      © ISTE Press Ltd 2017

      The rights of Christophe Lalanne and Mounir Mesbah to be identified as the authors of this work have been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

      British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

      A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library

      Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

      A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress

      ISBN 978-1-78548-111-6

      Printed and bound in the UK and US

      Introduction

      A large number of the actions performed by means of statistical software amount to manipulating, or even to literally transforming digital data representing statistical data. It is therefore paramount to understand how statistical data are represented and how they can be used by software such as SAS. After the importing, recoding and eventual transformation of these data, the description of the variables of interest and the summary of their distribution in numerical and graphical form constitute a fundamental preparatory stage to any statistical modeling, hence the importance of these early stages in the progress of a project for statistical analysis. Secondly, it is essential to fully control the commands that enable the calculation of the main measures of association in medical research and to know how to implement the conventional explanatory and predictive models: analysis of variance, linear and logistic regression, and the Cox model. Unlike common practice with the R language, up to a few exceptions, making use of the SAS commands available on installation of the software (basic commands, procedures) will be preferred over the usage of specialized libraries of commands.

      This book assumes that the reader is already familiar with basic statistical concepts, in particular the calculation of central tendency and dispersion indicators for a continuous variable, contingency tables, analysis of variance and conventional regression models. The objective here is to apply this knowledge to data sets described in numerous other works, even if the interpretation of the results remains minimal, in order to quickly familiarize oneself with the use of SAS with real data. Emphasis is particularly given to the management and the manipulation of structured data since it can be noted that this constitutes 60 to 80 % of the work of the statistician. There are many books on SAS, covering both the technical and statistical points of view. Some of these books are rather general in nature [RIN 14, DEC 11], others, on the contrary, are much more specialized and address similar subjects. The purpose of this book is to allow readers to quickly familiarize themselves with SAS such that they can conduct their own analyses and continue their learning in an autonomous way in the field of medical statistics.

      This book constitutes a sequel to Biostatistics and Computer-Based Analysis of Health Data Using R, which was published by the same authors in the same collection [LAL 16]. Every topic that relates to data organization and data exploratory analysis, in particular graphic methods, are discussed therein. In this book, the same data sets are being used to facilitate the transfer of learning of the knowledge acquired in R.

      In Chapter 1, the base commands for data management with SAS will be introduced. This primarily concerns the creation and the manipulation of quantitative and qualitative variables (recoding of individual values, counting of missing observations), importing databases stored in the form of text files, as well as elementary arithmetic operations (minimum, maximum, arithmetic mean, difference, frequency, etc.). We will also examine how to store preprocessed databases in text or in SAS formats.

      The objective of Chapter 2 is to understand how the data are represented in SAS and how to work with them. Commands useful for describing a data table composed of quantitative or qualitative variables are also presented therein. The descriptive approach is strictly univariate, which constitutes the prerequisite for any statistical approach. Base graphic commands (histograms, density curves, bar or dot plots) will be presented in addition to the usual central tendency (mean, median) and dispersion (variance, quartiles) numerical descriptive summaries. Pointwise and interval estimation using arithmetic means and empirical proportions will also be addressed. The objective is to become familiar with the use of simple SAS commands operating on a variable, optionally specifying certain options for the calculation, alongside the selection of statistical units among all of the available observations.

      Chapter 3 is dedicated to the comparison of two samples for quantitative or qualitative measurements. The following hypothesis tests are addressed: the Student’s t-test for independent or paired samples,

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