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Ottoman Fermans
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The word Ferman is derived from a Persian infinitive meaning to command, to order and denotes a degree, edict or a sovereign’s sign. As a term, Ferman is a written command bearing a sultanic tuğra (cipher) issued in connection with the awarding by the ruler of an appointment or position and an indication of the accompanying duties and responsibilities. Fermans are generally written a characteristic style of handwriting, called Divani and ordinarily display a sign peculiar to the ruling sultan and the sovereignty. It may be gilded and displays a diversity of colors and motifs or it may be left plain and ungilded.
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