The Thunder Bird Tootooch Legends: Folk Tales of the Indian Tribes of the Pacific Nortwest Coast Indians
By W.L. Webber
()
About this ebook
PREFACE
FOREWORD
THE TRANSITION OF TOTEMISM
INDIAN BASKETS
THE ARISTOCRATIC ABORIGINES
STICK GAME
THE THUNDER BIRD
EENA, THE BEAVER
OL-HIYO, THE SEAL
KUTZE-CE-TE-UT, THE WOOD WORM
KEE-WAR-KOW, THE SUN
SISUITH OR SE-SOOK, THE TWO-HEADED SNAKE
THE ILL-JOW
HO-XHOK, (HO-HOOK), THE CRANE
SHWAH KUK, THE FROG
CHEE-CHE-KA, THE MINK
LE-LOO, THE WOLF
WOLALEE, THE SALMON
CHET-WOOT, THE BEAR
MEN-A-MOOKS, THE OTTER SPIRIT
PI-CHIKAMIN, THE GIFT COPPER
"PROPERTY WOMAN OR GREAT GRANDMOTHER"
SLAG’AME, THE BUTTERFLY
SHAMAN, THE MEDICINE MAN
CHAK-CHAK, THE EAGLE
KWEL-KWEL, THE OWL
SKAM-M, THE HALIBUT
WELALA, THE MOUNTAIN SPIRIT
QUIL-TUM-TUM
KWAIE’TEK, THE SEA GULL
MATEEH, THE GOAT
SKANA, THE BLACK FISH
HE’-E-TLIK, THE LIGHTNING SNAKE
EH-KOLIE, THE WHALE
THE YOUNG RAVEN
KUUMA, THE BULL HEAD
GAL-QUITH, THE COD FISH
MAHT-MAHT, THE DUCK
QA-YEL, THE GREAT RAVEN
THE THUNDER BIRD TOTEM POLE
THE SHADOW PEOPLE AND THE RAVEN
CHIEF SISA-KAULA'S TOTEM POLE
STORY OF THE MINK (BORN-TO-BE-IN-THE-SUN)
SIWASH ROCK
THE THUNDER BIRD TOTEM POLE
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The Thunder Bird Tootooch Legends - W.L. Webber
POLE
PREFACE
The object of writing the Thunder Bird
Legends is: To induce the Indians to think about themselves and to unite and band them together in all common purposes. Although they are heirs of the ages, the mighty forces of modern democracy threaten to strip them of their wise primitive culture as it has done to almost all of the American Indian tribes:
That these tales will give the Indians courage to guard and defend themselves from those who would transgress upon their inherited rights and privileges by imbuing them with thoughts and ideals of their own.
It is also hoped they will stir within, and unfold, their artistic talents, expand and develop their abilities, enabling them to acquire a greater and wider mode of life.
Throughout these stories an effort has been made to tell how the Indian Tribes lived, their hospitality and friendliness; the philosophical ideas of a heroic race of natureloving people.
It is expected that the legends will be criticised by the Indians themselves as well as by others who have a greater knowledge than the writer has acquired, but he nevertheless hopes that they will be accepted in the spirit in which they are dedicated.
THE AUTHOR
FOREWORD
The Thunder Bird TOOTOOCH
Legends have been written to explain the more important of the single objects carved on totem poles and other articles connected with totemism and the secret societies of the Northwestern Indian tribes. The legends tell how individuals as well as the tribes earned their crests as tokens of achievement and distinction. These stories have been passed down by word of mouth from time immemorial.
For years the writer has received inquiries regarding the totemic designs of poles and basketry, and, in and effort to satisfy them, he traced the Thunder Bird Legend. First published in a stamp-size booklet that has had a circulation of 275,000 copies, it so excited the imagination of the tourists invading the Northwest that the Indians could not keep up with the demand for totemic objects.
The designs in his book are from original drawings and carvings on totem poles at present in the possession of the author. They are the work of primitive-minded Indians of artistic ability, the most notable being Charlie James (Yakuglas of the Kwakiutls of Alert Bay). Other carvers have unknowingly contributed their truly excellent craftsmanship to this work, Jacob Louie and Herbert Francis of Nootka, and Titus Campbell of Port Essington being among them.
The stories have been collected during the past ten years from various Indian tillicums, and some have been taken from the works of Boas and Staunton, published by the American Museum of Natural History, New York City. These works were obtained through the courtesy of Mr. T. P. O. Menzies of the Vancouver City Museum, to whom the author wishes to express deep gratitude, as well as to other members of the Museum staff.
Charlie James and those like him are endeavoring to preserve the arts of their people. In all too much of Indian craftsmanship the influence of the white man has corrupted the primitive conception of art: gaudy painting cannot cover poor workmanship. The Department of Indian Affairs could do much to re-educate the Indian along these lines by freely exhibiting collections of authentically old craftsmanship to the rising generation. The work of Charlie James, besides being on view in Stanley Park, Vancouver, and Lincoln Park, Chicago, has won an honored place in the collections of many noted collectors, including the Emperors of Japan and Siam. Under his guidance some famous mortuary posts have been reconstructed, and his present position of Instructor in the Art of Carving to the pupils of the Government Indian School, is one to which he is eminently suited.
The author is indebted to Anna Wilson, a Haida Indian. for one of the folk tales of her people, and also to Oscar Peers of the King-come Inlet Band for the Legend of the Cod Fish. The description of the Thunder Bird Totem Pole of Stanley Park was contributed by Elline Newman of Alert Bay.
It was originally intended that this work should be profusely illustrated in color by the excellent drawings of Mr. B. Slaughter, but it has been again found necessary to bring out this edition in a cheap and popular form, with black and white illustrations.
THE LEGENDS
EXPLAINS THE TOTEM SYMBOLS
These Legends are the key to the most important single objects carved on Totem Poles and used in decorative arts of the Indian Tribes of the Pacific Northwest. To the Indians who have adorned me with Knowledge Beyond Dreams
THE TRANSITION OF TOTEMISM
When the early explorers, Captain Cook and the Fur Trader, Captain John Mears, sailed the seas of the Pacific Northwest, a great deal of their time was spent on the West Coast of Vancouver Island at Nootka, then known as Friendly Cove,
where the early ships of the Spanish Dons chanced to touch.
The early adventurers observed that the aborigines practiced what they thought to be a hitherto unknown religion, having many weird rituals and ceremonies and requiring a grotesque regalia representing the supernatural animals and birds. This religion has since been identified as Totemism.
Totemism was created in the pre-historic age by the fathers of organized society and improved as the mentality of the human race developed. When ancient hunting had ceased, the tribes formed themselves into fishing communes, out of which rose private property, social classes and slaves, thereby creating the custom of barter. This first transition of mankind occurred thousands of years ago in Europe, Asia and Africa. The records of these first human movements are given in stone on the Upper Nile and in the temples of India. It is hard to imagine in these modern times, when civilization is supposed to be at a high peak, that the Indians of the Northwest and other North American Indians, were so belated. The transitions of the human race
are slow, they have many setbacks. Totemistic societies still function in many other parts of the world, as among the native tribes of Australia, Korea, and even in modern Japan.
The functions of the Totemism of the Indians of the Pacific Northwest