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    One-dimensional Nanostructures for PEM Fuel Cell Applications
    One-dimensional Nanostructures for PEM Fuel Cell Applications
    One-dimensional Nanostructures for PEM Fuel Cell Applications
    Ebook171 pages1 hour

    One-dimensional Nanostructures for PEM Fuel Cell Applications

    By Shangfeng Du, Christopher Koenigsmann and Shuhui Sun

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    About this ebook

    One-dimensional Nanostructures for PEM Fuel Cell Applications provides a review of the progress made in 1D catalysts for applications in polymer electrolyte fuel cells. It highlights the improved understanding of catalytic mechanisms on 1D nanostructures and the new approaches developed for practical applications, also including a critical perspective on current research limits. The book serves as a reference for the design and development of a new generation of catalysts to assist in the realization of successful commercial use that have the potential to decarbonize the domestic heat and transport sectors.

    In addition, a further commercialization of this technology requires advanced catalysts to address major obstacles faced by the commonly used Pt/C nanoparticles. The unique structure of one-dimensional nanostructures give them advantages to overcome some drawbacks of Pt/C nanoparticles as a new type of excellent catalysts for fuel cell reactions. In recent years, great efforts have been devoted in this area, and much progress has been achieved.

    • Provides a review of 1D catalysts for applications in polymer electrolyte fuel cells
    • Presents an ideal reference for the design and development of a new generation of catalysts to assist in the realization of successful commercial use
    • Highlights the progress made in recent years in this emerging field
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherAcademic Press
    Release dateAug 7, 2017
    ISBN9780128111130
    One-dimensional Nanostructures for PEM Fuel Cell Applications
    Author

    Shangfeng Du

    After a first degree in Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University and a PhD degree in Chemical Engineering from the Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, in 2005, Shangfeng DU moved to the Max Planck Institute for Metals Research, Germany. After that, he joined the Centre for Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Research (CFCHR) at the University of Birmingham (UoB), UK, supported by Marie Curie Incoming International Fellowship (IIF) (awarded in 2006). At UoB, he collaborated with Prof Kevin Kendall FRS, a pioneer in the field of particles and fuel cells (builder of the famous JKR adhesion theory, retired in 2011). In 2009, Shangfeng was awarded a research fellowship from the Science City Research Alliance (SCRA) through the Higher Education Funding Council for England (HEFCE) Strategic Development Fund and established himself as an independent researcher. In 2015, Shangfeng was appointed as a lecturer and built the Low Temperature Fuel Cell Research Group as part of the Centre. Shangfeng DU has spent 10 years researching electrodes for low temperature fuel cells and the characterisation of nanoparticle behavior for energy and health applications. He is recognized for his expertise in the field of one-dimensional (1D) materials for fuel cell applications, and has introduced the unique category of integrates thin film electrodes from 1D nanostructures for PEMFC application. Shangfeng is an Editorial Board Member of Scientific Reports, and has authored more than 40 original refereed papers, reviews, book and book chapters.

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      Book preview

      One-dimensional Nanostructures for PEM Fuel Cell Applications - Shangfeng Du

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      Chapter 1

      Introduction

      Shangfeng Du,    School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

      Abstract

      This chapter discusses the requirements of proton exchange membrane fuel cells, status and challenges of catalysts and electrodes, and gives a brief introduction to one-dimensional nanostructures. It provides an overview of the book, its organization, and unique appeal.

      Keywords

      Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC); polymer electrolyte membrane; catalyst; electrode; 1D; nanowire; nanotube; overview

      The growing pressures from energy demand and climate change have motivated search for alternative clean and sustainable power generation technologies. The fuel cell, which can directly convert chemical energy (e.g., H2 and methanol) into electrical power at high energy efficiency with low carbon and pollution emission, has been considering as one of the promising candidates for replacing conventional combustion-based power generators. Of various fuel cell technologies available, proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have been receiving extensive attention, due to their low operating temperature, easy start-up and shutdown, and flexible power ranges in applications. Despite the initial demonstrated application of PEMFCs, the extensive commercialization has been remarkably hindered by several technological challenges, in particular the low catalytic activity, high cost, poor durability and reliability of fuel cell electrodes. In PEMFCs the power generated is from two electrochemical reactions, namely fuel (e.g., H2 or hydrocarbon) oxidation reaction at the anode and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at the cathode. Electrocatalysts are required to promote the on-going of both electrochemical reactions, and Pt is still considered as one of the best electrocatalysts for PEMFCs up to today. Besides the high cost of Pt catalysts, the slow electrode kinetics and irreversible CO poisoning greatly influence catalyst activities in electrodes, and the harsh operational conditions also cause durability issues for a long-term operation (Gasteiger, Kocha, Sompalli, & Wagner, 2005; Shao, Chang, Dodelet, & Chenitz, 2016). All of these challenges drive researchers to develop lost cost, highly active and robust electrodes to make PEMFCs commercially

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