Building a Dynamic Pacific Economy: Strengthening the Private Sector in Papua New Guinea
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Building a Dynamic Pacific Economy - Asian Development Bank
BUILDING A DYNAMIC PACIFIC ECONOMY
STRENGTHENING THE PRIVATE SECTOR IN PAPUA NEW GUINEA
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO)
© 2015 Asian Development Bank
6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City, 1550 Metro Manila, Philippines
Tel +63 2 632 4444; Fax +63 2 636 2444
www.adb.org; openaccess.adb.org
Some rights reserved. Published in 2015.
Printed in the Philippines.
ISBN 978-92-9254-899-5 (Print), 978-92-9254-900-8 (e-ISBN)
Publication Stock No. RPT157174-2
Cataloging-In-Publication Data
Asian Development Bank.
Building a dynamic Pacific economy—strengthening the private sector in Papua New Guinea.
Mandaluyong City, Philippines: Asian Development Bank, 2015.
1. Private sector. 2. Papua New Guinea. I. Asian Development Bank.
The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) or its Board of Governors or the governments they represent.
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Note: In this publication, $
refers to United States dollars, unless otherwise stated. K
refers to Papua New Guinea kina.
Pacific Liaison and Coordination Office
Level 20, 45 Clarence Street
Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
Tel + 612 8270 9444
Fax + 612 8270 9445
www.adb.org/offices/pacific/pacific-private-sector-development-initiative#
This is a publication of the Pacific Private Sector Development Initiative (PSDI) team, with input from the Asian Development Bank’s (ADB’s) Papua New Guinea Resident Mission. The report was prepared under the supervision of ADB’s Pacific Liaison and Coordination Office in Sydney, Australia. PSDI is a regional technical assistance facility cofinanced by ADB, the Government of Australia, and the New Zealand Government. This publication does not necessarily reflect the views and policies of either government.
CONTENTS
TABLES, FIGURES, AND BOXES
ABBREVIATIONS
FOREWORD
This report critically analyzes the complex environment for private sector development in Papua New Guinea (PNG). It focuses on the policy and institutional requirements to achieve sustained, broad-based private sector growth. The Asian Development Bank (ADB) prepared a private sector assessment for PNG in 2008, through the Pacific Private Sector Development Initiative (PSDI). This report reviews PNG’s private sector environment against issues identified in the 2008 assessment, and expands the review to the wider economy.
PNG has gone through a period of exponential growth that, over the recent past, places it among the world’s most rapidly developing economies. This growth benefitted from the huge increase in demand for commodities worldwide, particularly in Asia. However, it was also founded on stable fiscal and monetary policies that, together with deep structural reforms in banking, financial services, and telecommunications, unleashed the private sector’s job-creating potential. To ensure sustainable and inclusive future growth, PNG needs further reform to create opportunities for new and existing businesses to expand. Without linkages that promote private sector development, there is a risk that the benefits of future resource exports will not spread to the rest of the economy.
Making PNG a safer, more productive, and easier place to do business will depend on investments in infrastructure and operation and maintenance, reforming the way in which essential services are delivered in a geographically challenging environment, and focusing on improving safety in personal and business transactions. This report analyzes the many unique challenges that PNG faces in achieving its economic and human development goals, and also shows the immense and positive potential for capitalizing on the country’s vast wealth and opportunities well into the coming decades.
I sincerely thank the Government of Papua New Guinea and the numerous members of the private sector who contributed to the analysis. PSDI, a regional technical assistance facility cofinanced by ADB, the Government of Australia, and the New Zealand Government, produced the report. ADB’s Pacific Liaison and Coordination Office and Papua New Guinea Resident Mission provided valuable advice, significant inputs, and logistical support during report preparation.
I trust that this report will provide interesting information and ideas for further discussions and actions to promote a vibrant private sector in PNG.
Xianbin Yao
Director General
Pacific Department
Asian Development Bank
1 OVERVIEW
This private sector assessment (PSA) reviews the Papua New Guinea (PNG) key approaches to developing the economy, attracting private investments, and steering market-based growth. It also discusses the major hindrances faced by private investors. The research focuses on policies affecting private sector activities, and suggests and analyzes policy adaptations to place the economy on sustained, high growth rates.¹
ECONOMIC MANAGEMENT
Impressive record on growth, but disappointing impact on poverty. Between 2005 and 2013, the economy grew at an annual 6.4% average, with income per capita reaching $2,010 in 2013.² Growth benefitted from macroeconomic stability and reduced output volatility and, since 2009, was powered by large external inflows into the natural resources sector. However, poverty rates stagnated between 1995 and 2010 and PNG is lagging on progress toward the Millennium Development Goals.
A fraught business environment. PNG has one