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Pulmonary Fibrosis, (Lung Scarring) A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
Pulmonary Fibrosis, (Lung Scarring) A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
Pulmonary Fibrosis, (Lung Scarring) A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
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Pulmonary Fibrosis, (Lung Scarring) A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions

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This book describes Pulmonary Fibrosis, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases
“Singapore scientists have found that a protein, Interleukin 11, or IL11, causes fibrosis disease, which can lead to life-threatening conditions.
The discovery paves the way for more effective treatment against fibrosis, where the body produces excessive connective tissue in response to an injury, causing tissue scarring.
When this happens in vital organs such as the heart, kidney or lungs, it not only damages the organ, but could result in organ failure, leading to death.
Fibrotic diseases represent a major cause of illness and death around the world.
The discovery that IL11 is a critical fibrotic factor represents a breakthrough for the field and for drug development.
So if people have advanced fibrosis, that can be turned back and the organ can become healthy again.
There is a precedent that that can work, particularly in the liver, heart, lung and kidney."
Fibrosis:
The disorder fibrosis is the formation of fibrous connective tissue as a repairing response to injury or injury.
Fibrosis may refer to the connective tissue deposition that occurs as part of normal healing or to the excess tissue deposition that occurs as a pathological process.
When fibrosis occurs in reaction to damage, the word “scarring” is used.
Some of the main types of fibrosis that occur in the body are:
1. Pulmonary fibrosis
2. Liver cirrhosis
3. Cardiac fibrosis
4. Kidney fibrosis
Pulmonary fibrosis
Pulmonary fibrosis is the scarring or thickening of the lungs without a known cause.
Pulmonary fibrosis is a group of diseases which cause interstitial lung damage and eventually fibrosis and loss of the elasticity of the lungs.
It is a chronic disorder characterized by shortness of breath, diffuse infiltrates on CXR and inflammation and fibrosis on biopsy.
There are 3 types of lung fibrosis:
1.Replacement fibrosis due to lung damage - e.g., infarction, tuberculosis and pneumonia.
2.Focal fibrosis due to response to irritants - e.g., coal dust and silica.
3.Diffuse parenchymal lung disease (DPLD), which happens in pulmonary fibrosis (PF) and extrinsic allergic alveolitis
Risk factors
1.Smoking - if there is a smoking history of >20 pack years.
2.The disorder is frequent in certain occupations – such as silica, asbestos, heavy metals or mouldy foliage.
3.Environmental factors are pigeon breeding and contaminated ventilation systems.
4.Chronic viral infections particularly hepatitis C and Epstein-Barr viruses.
5.Gastro-esophageal reflux disorder
Causes
The cause and pathogenesis of PF is not known
Symptoms
When the patient has PF, the lungs become scarred and fibrotic.
This makes it difficult for the patient to breathe
Symptoms:
1.Chest pain
2.Cough (normally dry)
3.Not as active
4.Shortness of breath
Signs:
1.Fine bilateral inspiratory crackles
2.Clubbing of the fingers (25-50%)
3.Normal spirometry or impaired spirometry
4.Pulmonary hypertension: loud P2 of the second heart sound, a fixed split S2, a holosystolic tricuspid regurgitation murmur, ankle edema
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of pulmonary fibrosis should be thought of in any patient with breathlessness
Chest x-ray may show evidence of fibrosis changes
Chest CT scan
Performing CT scans of the thorax (including high-resolution images - HRCT) may reveal pattern of usual interstitial pneumonia
Treatment
There is no known cure for PF.
Treatment is aimed at relieving symptoms and slowing disease progression:
Other treatment are:
1.Encourage tobacco users to quit
2.Prescribe oxygen therapy
Surgery
Lung transplant (best treatment)
Medicine
Anti-fibrotic agents (pirfenidone)
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (nintedanib)

TABLE OF CONTENT
Introduction
Chapter 1 Pulmonary Fibrosis<

LanguageEnglish
PublisherKenneth Kee
Release dateDec 29, 2017
ISBN9781370353262
Pulmonary Fibrosis, (Lung Scarring) A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
Author

Kenneth Kee

Medical doctor since 1972.Started Kee Clinic in 1974 at 15 Holland Dr #03-102, relocated to 36 Holland Dr #01-10 in 2009.Did my M.Sc (Health Management ) in 1991 and Ph.D (Healthcare Administration) in 1993.Dr Kenneth Kee is still working as a family doctor at the age of 74However he has reduced his consultation hours to 3 hours in the morning and 2 hours inthe afternoon.He first started writing free blogs on medical disorders seen in the clinic in 2007 on http://kennethkee.blogspot.com.His purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of his patients which is also his dissertation for his Ph.D (Healthcare Administration). He then wrote an autobiography account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.comThis autobiography account “A Family Doctor’s Tale” was combined with his early “A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders” into a new Wordpress Blog “A Family Doctor’s Tale” on http://ken-med.com.From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 1000 eBooks.He apologized for typos and spelling mistakes in his earlier books.He will endeavor to improve the writing in futures.Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.The later books go into more details of medical disorders.He has published 1000 eBooks on various subjects on health, 1 autobiography of his medical journey, another on the autobiography of a Cancer survivor, 2 children stories and one how to study for his nephew and grand-daughter.The purpose of these simple guides is to educate patient on health disorders and not meant as textbooks.He does not do any night duty since 2000 ever since Dr Tan had his second stroke.His clinic is now relocated to the Buona Vista Community Centre.The 2 units of his original clinic are being demolished to make way for a new Shopping Mall.He is now doing some blogging and internet surfing (bulletin boards since the 1980's) startingwith the Apple computer and going to PC.The entire PC is upgraded by himself from XT to the present Pentium duo core.The present Intel i7 CPU is out of reach at the moment because the CPU is still expensive.He is also into DIY changing his own toilet cistern and other electric appliance.His hunger for knowledge has not abated and he is a lifelong learner.The children have all grown up and there are 2 grandchildren who are even more technically advanced than the grandfather where mobile phones are concerned.This book is taken from some of the many articles in his blog (now with 740 posts) A Family Doctor’s Tale.Dr Kee is the author of:"A Family Doctor's Tale""Life Lessons Learned From The Study And Practice Of Medicine""Case Notes From A Family Doctor"

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    Pulmonary Fibrosis, (Lung Scarring) A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions - Kenneth Kee

    Pulmonary Fibrosis,

    (Lung Scarring)

    A

    Simple

    Guide

    To

    The Condition,

    Diagnosis,

    Treatment

    And

    Related Conditions

    By

    Dr Kenneth Kee

    M.B.,B.S. (Singapore)

    Ph.D (Healthcare Administration)

    Copyright Kenneth Kee 2017 Smashwords Edition

    Published by Kenneth Kee at Smashwords.com

    Dedication

    This book is dedicated

    To my wife Dorothy

    And my children

    Carolyn, Grace

    And Kelvin

    This book describes Pulmonary Fibrosis, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases which is seen in some of my patients in my Family Clinic.

    (What The patient Need to Treat Pulmonary Fibrosis)

    This eBook is licensed for your personal enjoyment only. This eBook may not be re-sold or given away to other people. If the patient would like to share this book with another person, please purchase an additional copy for each reader.

    If you’re reading this book and did not purchase it, or it was not purchased for your use only, then please return to Smashwords.com and purchase your own copy.

    Thank you for respecting the hard work of this author.

    Introduction

    I have been writing medical articles for my blog http://kennethkee.blogspot.com (A Simple Guide to Medical Disorder) for the benefit of my patients since 2007.

    My purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of my patients.

    Health Education was also my dissertation for my Ph.D (Healthcare Administration).

    I then wrote an autobiolographical account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.com.

    This autobiolographical account A Family Doctor’s Tale was combined with my early A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders into a new Wordpress Blog A Family Doctor’s Tale on http://kenkee481.wordpress.com.

    From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 800 eBooks.

    Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.

    For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.

    The later books go into more details of medical disorders.

    The first chapter is always from my earlier blogs which unfortunately tends to have typos and spelling mistakes.

    Since 2013, I have tried to improve my spelling and writing.

    As I tried to bring the patient the latest information about a disorder or illness by reading the latest journals both online and offline, I find that I am learning more and improving on my own medical knowledge in diagnosis and treatment for my patients.

    Just by writing all these simple guides I find that I have learned a lot from your reviews (good or bad), criticism and advice.

    I am sorry for the repetitions in these simple guides as the second chapters onwards have new information as compared to my first chapter taken from my blog.

    I also find repetition definitely help me and maybe some readers to remember the facts in the books more easily.

    I apologize if these repetitions are irritating to some readers.

    Chapter 1

    Pulmonary Fibrosis

    "Singapore scientists have found that a protein, Interleukin 11, or IL11, causes fibrosis disease, which can lead to life-threatening conditions.

    The discovery paves the way for more effective treatment against fibrosis, where the body produces excessive connective tissue in response to an injury, causing tissue scarring.

    When this happens in vital organs such as the heart, kidney or lungs, it not only damages the organ, but could result in organ failure, leading to death.

    Fibrotic diseases represent a major cause of illness and death around the world.

    The discovery that IL11 is a critical fibrotic factor represents a breakthrough for the field and for drug development.

    The findings are significant as the medical community has long regarded another protein, Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1, as a major cause of the condition.

    While there are drugs that target this protein, they have severe side effects such as infections and even cancer.

    Researchers also worked on more than 80 heart samples from patients who underwent open heart surgery at the National Heart Centre.

    Doctors said it is the first time such a large human cohort has been studied in this field and proves the validity of their research.

    The next step for the team is to develop treatment to target the IL11 protein, in order to prevent, arrest or even reverse fibrosis disease.

    So if people have advanced fibrosis, that can be turned back and the organ can become healthy again.

    There is a precedent that that can work, particularly in the liver.

    Currently, more than 225 million people worldwide suffer from heart and kidney failure and there is no treatment to prevent fibrosis.

    Singapore has a high rate of kidney failure, with about one new patient every five hours.

    The number of these patients is set to rise, due to the growing prevalence of diabetes, which is one of the leading causes of kidney failure here.

    Researchers said if they can prevent the kidney from progressing to that stage, patients will not have to do dialysis treatment.

    The 20-member team, which includes researchers from the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany and Australia, currently has more than five patents pending for their scientific work.

    A company, Enleofen Bio, has been founded to take their findings forward by developing drugs to treat fibrosis."

    What is Fibrosis?

    The disorder fibrosis is the formation of fibrous connective tissue as a repairing response to injury or injury.

    Fibrosis may refer to the connective tissue deposition that occurs as part of normal healing or to the excess tissue deposition that occurs as a pathological process.

    When fibrosis occurs in reaction to damage, the word scarring is used.

    Some of the main types of fibrosis that occur in the body are:

    1. Pulmonary fibrosis

    Pulmonary fibrosis refers to a number of conditions that cause interstitial lung damage, followed by fibrosis and eventually loss of lung elasticity.

    These conditions lead to

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