Doing Aquaculture as a Business for Small- and Medium-Scale Farmers. Practical Training Manual Module 1: The Technical Dimension of Commercial Aquaculture
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The target users of both modules are trainers, educators, extension officers as long as are small‐ and medium‐scale fish farmers. The purpose of this module is to enhance their knowledge and capacities in understanding and applying the basic technical principles and concepts of commercial aquaculture in their daily activities.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
An intergovernmental organization, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) has 194 Member Nations, two associate members and one member organization, the European Union. Its employees come from various cultural backgrounds and are experts in the multiple fields of activity FAO engages in. FAO’s staff capacity allows it to support improved governance inter alia, generate, develop and adapt existing tools and guidelines and provide targeted governance support as a resource to country and regional level FAO offices. Headquartered in Rome, Italy, FAO is present in over 130 countries.Founded in 1945, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) leads international efforts to defeat hunger. Serving both developed and developing countries, FAO provides a neutral forum where all nations meet as equals to negotiate agreements and debate policy. The Organization publishes authoritative publications on agriculture, fisheries, forestry and nutrition.
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Doing Aquaculture as a Business for Small- and Medium-Scale Farmers. Practical Training Manual Module 1 - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
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ISBN 978-92-5-109807-3
ISBN 978-92-5-130190-6 (EPUB)
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Abstract
The Doing aquaculture as a business for small- and medium-scale farmers. Practical training manual
is composed of two modules: Module 1 The technical dimension of commercial aquaculture
and Module 2 The economic dimension of commercial aquaculture
.
The target users of both modules are trainers, educators, extension officers as long as are small- and medium-scale fish farmers.
The purpose of this module is to enhance their knowledge and capacities in understanding and applying the basic technical principles and concepts of commercial aquaculture in their daily activities.
FAO. 2017.
Doing aquaculture as a business for small- and medium-scale farmers. Practical training manual. Module 1: The technical dimension of commercial aquaculture, by Ana Menezes, Nathanael Hishamunda, Leonard Lovshin and Elisabetta Martone. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Rome, Italy.
Contents
Abstract
Acknowledgements
Abbreviations and acronyms
Introduction
1Principles of aquaculture
1.1 Key definitions
1.2 Factors influencing primary productivity in water
1.3 Factors influencing carrying capacity in water
1.4 Factors influencing the growth rate in water
1.5 Factors influencing yield in water
2Classification of farming systems
3Introduction to pond and cage culture systems
3.1 Pond-based aquaculture
3.2 Cage-based aquaculture
4Design and construction of pond farms
4.1 Criteria for the site selection of a pond farm
4.2 Design and construction of ponds
4.3 Water
5Seed production
6Nutrition and feeds
7Harvest and post-harvest practices
References
Further reading
Boxes
Box 1. Factors influencing primary productivity in water
Box 2. Forms of nitrogen found in water
Box 3. How to calculate the ammonia production rate
Box 4. Example of lime supply
Box 5. Solubility of carbon dioxide, calcium bicarbonate and calcium carbonate
Box 6. Factors influencing carrying capacity in water
Box 7. How to calculate the feed conversion ratio
Box 8. How to calculate the average growth rate
Box 9. Factors influencing growth rate in water
Box 10. How to calculate the relative and absolute growth rate
Box 11. Examples of feed allotment based on fish species weight
Box 12. Factors influencing yield in water
Box 13. How to calculate the yield
Box 14. Advantages and disadvantages of partial harvest and restock
Box 15. How to calculate the draining days
Figures
Figure 1. Total energy received from direct solar radiation at different latitudes
Figure 2. The influence of water temperature and pH on the percentage of un-ionized ammonia
Figure 3. Changes in the levels of NH3, NO2- and NO3- in response to bacterial oxidation
Figure 4. Relationship between phytoplankton productivity and total alkalinity in ponds
Figure 5. Effects of pH on the mole fraction of H2CO3, free CO2, HCO3- and CO3²- in freshwater
Figure 6. Fluctuation of pH in low and moderate alkalinity ponds
Figure 7. Relationship of depth and primary production in a fertile pond
Figure 8. Thermal stratification
Figure 9. Relationship of fish weight, feeding rate and dissolved oxygen level
Figure 10. Calculation of dissolved oxygen
Figure 11. Influence of aeration on dissolved oxygen in a fed fishpond
Figure 12. Level of interventions
Figure 13. Increase in average individual fish weight between stocking (T1) and harvest (T2)
Figure 14. Influence of water temperature on fish growth
Figure 15. Influence of age on fish growth rate
Figure 16. Relative growth rate
Figure 17. Absolute growth rate
Figure 18. Relationship of body weight to percentage of body weight fed/day
Figure 19. Relationship between the stocking density of 50 gram-fish and